Unit 1: Functions & Relations MCR3U

Vertical Transformations & Summary

Learning Goal

I will:
● I will learn to apply transformations to a variety of functions.

Group Questions
A family of functions is related by having the same general shape/pattern or by sharing some key
characteristics. The “offspring” of the parent function can take many forms. For now we will focus
on the “offspring” that have been vertically transformed from the parent.

Example: Fill in the table of values for each of the following functions.

A: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 B: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3 C: 𝑓(𝑥) =− 2 𝑥

x y x y x y

0 0 0

1 1 1

4 4 4

9 9 9

What has happened to the y-values between A and B? … between A and C?

What has happened to the x-values in each case?

Unit 1: Functions & Relations MCR3U

Sketch each graph on the same set of axes and identify what type of transformation has occurred for
A, B, and C.

Class Problem
For the following function, determine its parent and write down the parent’s key points. Use the
Desmos link (https://goo.gl/uWouYx) to help you determine the values of each parameter (a,k,d,c).
Consider how the points have been transformed and write an equation for the transformed graph.

Parent function: 𝑓(𝑥) =

Transformations:
●
●

Transformed Function: 𝑓(𝑥) =

(x , y) → (x , y )

Domain:

Range:
Unit 1: Functions & Relations MCR3U

Parent function: 𝑓(𝑥) =

Transformations:

Transformed Function: 𝑓(𝑥) =

(x , y) → ( x , y )
)

Domain:

Range:

Summary
Vertical Transformations
a - vertical stretch, vertical reflection (in the -axis).

c - vertical translation (shift)

Using these parameters, we can keep track of how the parent functions transform into their
“offspring” using mapping notation.

For any function y = f(x), and y = a f(x) + c , we can determine the transformed coordinates using:

(x ,y) → (x, _____ y + _______)

Unit 1: Functions & Relations MCR3U

All Together Now

In general, we can account for the transformations on any parent function, y= f(x), through both an
equation:

y=( ) · f[ (x – )] +
and through mapping notation:

(x ,y) → (_____ x + ______ , _____ y + _______)

Which transformations can affect the domain? How do they affect it?

Which transformations can affect the range? How do they affect it?