1.

x < - x

If x = 8
8<-8
8 < - 8, False
Since 8 is not less than negative 8, then x = 8 is a counterexample

2. |x| > 2

If x = 1
|1| > 2
1>2
1 > 2, False
Since 1 is not greater than 2, then x = 1 is a counterexample

3. 3x + 1 < - 2

If x = 4
3(4) + 1 < - 2
13 < - 2
13 < - 2, False
Since 13 is not less than negative 2, then x = 4 is a counterexample

4. x2 - 9 = x + 3

If x = 10
102 - 9 = 10 + 3
91 = 13
91 = 13, False
Since 91 is not equal to 13, then x = 10 is a counterexample

5. x2 > 1/4

If x = 0
02 > 1/4
0 > 1/4
0 > 1/4, False
Since 0 is not greater than 1/4, then x = 0 is a counterexample