Storage Tanks in Various Industries

A storage tank, specifically designed for holding liquid substances, finds its primary application in the
petroleum industry, commonly known as petrol tanks. However, its utility extends to other sectors
such as the food industry, where it serves as oil storage tanks, and the fertilizer industry. A storage
container, on the other hand, functions as a vessel for holding liquids, compressed gases, or
substances designated for either short-term or long-term hot or cold storage. The design and
construction of these storage tanks adhere to international standards, with API 650 and API 620
standards, as published by the American Petroleum Institute, being the most preferred.

In industrial settings, storage tanks typically operate under minimal or zero pressure, setting them
apart from pressure vessels. They commonly feature a cylindrical shape with either a flat bottom,
fixed breakable, or perpendicular to the floor with a floating roof. Environmental regulations
governing the design and operation of storage tanks vary based on the nature of the stored liquid.
Aboveground storage tanks, distinguished from their underground counterparts, are subject to
specific regulatory considerations. These tanks serve various purposes, including holding oil, waste,
water, chemicals, and other hazardous materials, all while adhering to stringent industry standards
and regulations.

Ensuring the safety of aboveground storage tanks is crucial, given the potential for liquids to spill,
evaporate, or leak through even the smallest openings. This necessitates the implementation of
safety measures such as constructing embankments or enclosures around the tank to contain any
potential leaks. Some storage tanks require both a fixed roof and a floating roof as additional
structural components. The floating roof adjusts in relation to the liquid level in the tank, thereby
reducing the vapor space above the liquid and serving as a safety requirement and pollution
prevention measure, particularly in industries like oil refining.