Practical Manual 4-MLE for Poisson data

Maximum Likelihood Estimation for data from Poisson Distribution

# Generating poisson distribution data

#In R, we can generate random numbers from a specific probability distribution easily.
To #generate numbers from poisson distribution, we can use rpois function. #We will
generate 100 data points from Poisson distribution with parameter lambda =5 #using
rpois function R

# generate data from Poisson distribution

# with the parameter lambda=5
data=rpois(n=100, lambda=5)
data
## [1] 5 6 7 11 3 3 4 3 3 7 5 5 4 2 6 8 7 6 6 3 2 3 5 6 2 ## [26] 8 5 6 7
5 4 7 3 3 6 3 3 8 4 7 1 6 1 4 4 2 3 5 4 8 ## [51] 9 3 4 6 7 6 5 6 4 3 3 2
6 8 7 5 8 2 3 4 4 6 0 4 4 ## [76] 5 5 5 5 6 7 8 3 3 8 7 5 8 3 5 1 6 5 5 2
65435
#Let us save the data into a data frame

# convert to data frame

df_Poisson <- data.frame(data=data)
df_Poisson
## data
## 1 5
## 2 6
## 3 7
## 4 11
## 5 3
## 6 3
## 7 4
## 8 3
## 9 3
## 10 7
## 11 5
## 12 5
## 13 4
## 14 2
## 15 6
## 16 8
## 17 7
## 18 6
## 19 6
## 20 3
## 21 2
## 22 3
## 23 5
## 24 6
## 25 2
## 26 8
## 27 5
## 28 6
## 29 7
## 30 5
## 31 4
## 32 7
## 33 3
## 34 3
## 35 6
## 36 3
## 37 3
## 38 8
## 39 4
## 40 7
## 41 1
## 42 6
## 43 1
## 44 4
## 45 4
## 46 2
## 47 3
## 48 5
## 49 4
## 50 8
## 51 9
## 52 3
## 53 4
## 54 6
## 55 7
## 56 6
## 57 5
## 58 6
## 59 4
## 60 3
## 61 3
## 62 2
## 63 6
## 64 8
## 65 7
## 66 5
## 67 8
## 68 2
## 69 3
## 70 4
## 71 4
## 72 6
## 73 0
## 74 4
## 75 4
## 76 5
## 77 5
## 78 5
## 79 5
## 80 6
## 81 7
## 82 8
## 83 3
## 84 3
## 85 8
## 86 7
## 87 5
## 88 8
## 89 3
## 90 5
## 91 1
## 92 6
## 93 5
## 94 5
## 95 2
## 96 6
## 97 5
## 98 4
## 99 3
## 100 5

hist(data,main=”Poisson distribution”,xlab=”value of r.V X”,col=rainbow(6),breaks = 10)

library(UsingR)
## Loading required package: MASS
## Warning: package ‘MASS’ was built under R version 3.6.3
## Loading required package: HistData
## Loading required package: Hmisc
## Warning: package ‘Hmisc’ was built under R version
3.6.3 ## Loading required package: lattice
## Warning: package ‘lattice’ was built under R version
3.6.3 ## Loading required package: survival

## Loading required package: Formula

## Loading required package: ggplot2
##
## Attaching package: ‘Hmisc’
## The following objects are masked from ‘package:base’:
##
## format.pval, units
##
## Attaching package: ‘UsingR’
## The following object is masked from ‘package:survival’:
##
## cancer

simple.freqpoly(data,main=”frequency polygon of poisson distribution data”,xlab=”value of r.V

X”,col=rainbow(6))
d=density(data)
plot(d)

#density plot for the above distribution

#Let us compute the likelihood of the single data point, but with multiple parameter values.

likelihood= dpois(data[1], lambda=seq(25))

likelihood
## [1] 3.065662e-03 3.608941e-02 1.008188e-01 1.562935e-01 1.754674e-01
## [6] 1.606231e-01 1.277167e-01 9.160366e-02 6.072688e-02 3.783327e-02
## [11] 2.241521e-02 1.274064e-02 6.993704e-03 3.726801e-03 1.935788e-03
## [16] 9.833474e-04 4.898433e-04 2.398174e-04 1.156090e-04 5.496410e-05
## [21] 2.580662e-05 1.197991e-05 5.504081e-06 2.504998e-06 1.130204e-06

dlike=data.frame(data=likelihood)
dlike #dataframe of likelihoods
## data
## 1 3.065662e-03
## 2 3.608941e-02
## 3 1.008188e-01
## 4 1.562935e-01
## 5 1.754674e-01
## 6 1.606231e-01
## 7 1.277167e-01
## 8 9.160366e-02
## 9 6.072688e-02
## 10 3.783327e-02
## 11 2.241521e-02
## 12 1.274064e-02
## 13 6.993704e-03
## 14 3.726801e-03
## 15 1.935788e-03
## 16 9.833474e-04
## 17 4.898433e-04
## 18 2.398174e-04
## 19 1.156090e-04
## 20 5.496410e-05
## 21 2.580662e-05
## 22 1.197991e-05
## 23 5.504081e-06
## 24 2.504998e-06
## 25 1.130204e-06
hist(likelihood,main=”likelihood of a single data point”,xlab=”likelihood(in class
intervals)”,col=rainbow(6))
simple.freqpoly(likelihood,main=”likelihood of a single data point”,xlab=”likelihood(in class
intervals)”,col=rainbow(6))
dens=density(likelihood)
plot(dens)

tab=data.frame(lamda=seq(1,25),likelihood)
tab
## lamda likelihood
## 1 1 3.065662e-03
## 2 2 3.608941e-02
## 3 3 1.008188e-01
## 4 4 1.562935e-01
## 5 5 1.754674e-01
## 6 6 1.606231e-01
## 7 7 1.277167e-01
## 8 8 9.160366e-02
## 9 9 6.072688e-02
## 10 10 3.783327e-02
## 11 11 2.241521e-02
## 12 12 1.274064e-02
## 13 13 6.993704e-03
## 14 14 3.726801e-03
## 15 15 1.935788e-03
## 16 16 9.833474e-04
## 17 17 4.898433e-04
## 18 18 2.398174e-04
## 19 19 1.156090e-04
## 20 20 5.496410e-05
## 21 21 2.580662e-05
## 22 22 1.197991e-05
## 23 23 5.504081e-06
## 24 24 2.504998e-06
## 25 25 1.130204e-06
plot(tab,col=”red”,main=”likelihood v/s lamda graph”)
#density plot of the likelihood of the first data point