Calculus 1

11/09/2023
 CHAPTER 1:
FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS
 One variable function
Definition: Given D and Y are the real sets.
f :D Y
x  y  f (x)
D is called the domain of f(x) .
R f  { f ( x ), x  D f } is called the range of f(x).
Example :
f :  
x  y  2x 1
Example :
Given f ( x )  9  x 2

a) Compute f (1), f (4).

b) Find the domain and the range of f.

Example ( Piecewise  defined function) :

 x 3  1, x  1,
Given g( x )   2 .
 x  2, x  1
Compute g(2), g(1), g(1).
Functions in Physics
x = x(t) (t is the time) is the position of the
object at the time t.
v = v(t) is the velocity of the object at the time t.
a = a(t) is the acceleration of the object at the
time t.
What is the relationship of three functions?
Functions in Geometry
ଶ
The area of a square: .
ଷ
The volume of a cube is: .
(a>0 is the length of one side)

ଶ
The area of a circle: .
ర ଷ
The volume of a ball: య
.
(r > 0 is the radius)
Functions in Economics
The Cobb – Douglas production function:
 
Q  AK or Q  AL
( A  0, 0   ,   1)
Q > 0 is the production, K > 0 is the capital,
L > 0 is the labour.
 Some kinds of functions

Ex : f(x)   x  2 x  3, g( x )  2 x  3 x  4 x  5.
2 3 2
 f (x) 2x  3 x 1
3
2
Ex : h(x)   2 (x ), k(x)  (x  ),
g(x) x  x 1 3x  2 3
4x  1
2
m(x)  2 (x  1).
x 1
Ex : f (x)  sin2x, g(x)  cos(3x 1) (x ,f(x),g(x) 1,1),
h(x)  e (x , h(x)  0),
3x

k(x)  log10 x  log x, m(x)  loge x  ln x (x  0, k(x), h(x) ).

Examples of exponential and logarithm functions:
Graph of f(x) = x2 Graph of g(x) = x3
Ex: A rectangular box without the head piece
has the volume of 10m3.The length of the base
is twice as much as the width. The cost to make
the base is 10USD/m2. The cost to make the
surrounding surfaces is 6USD/m2. Express the
total cost as a function of the width of the base.
Ex: A car company has the price of renting a car
is 5000 VNĐ/km if the distance is not more
than 100km. If the distance is more than 100km
then the surplus cost is 3500 VNĐ/km. Let x be
the distance which the car travels, express the
cost function.
Graph of f(x) = x2 Graph of g(x) = x3
Definition. Composition of two functions.
The composite function of f  x  and g ( x) is :
 f ○ g  x   f [ g ( x)]

Example. Given f  x   sin 2 x , g ( x )  x 2

Find  f ○ g  x  and  g ○ f  x 
Example. Given f  x   2  3 x,
 a  find f 1
and show that  f ○ f 1
 x f 1
○ f  x
 b  graph f and f 1
in the same viewing window
 2 x
f 1  x  
3

f  x   2  3x
Inverse Trigonometric functions
Example : Solve the equation
1 1
(sin x )  sin
2
x20