GRADE 8 SCIENCE REVIEWER o It affects the flow of charges or current.

ELECTRICITY - a form of energy resulting from the existence of

o The symbol for resistance is capital letter (R). The unit, Ohms
charged particles. (Ω).
o The unit Ohms (Ω), was named after the German physicist and
Three quantities mathematician Georg Simon Ohm.
 Electric Current
 Voltage EARTHQUAKES AND FAULTS
 Resistance
 Philippines is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
ELECTRIC CURRENT  People who live along the Ring of Fire have to put up with
o Circuit is any arrangement of a source of energy (battery), earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
connecting wires, and a load (e.g. bulb). On July 16,1990, a strong earthquake hit Luzon. During that
o Electric current is a measure of the number of electric charges earthquake, many people lost their lives and many more were
passing through a cross-section of a conductor in a given time. injured. A lot of buildings and other structures were either
o The direction of current is from positive terminal of the battery damaged or destroyed. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8 and
to the negative terminal of the battery. its epicenter was located in Nueva Ecija.
o The symbol for current is capital letter (I). The unit, Ampere
According to scientists, the earthquake was caused by movement
(A).
along the Philippine Fault.
o The unit Ampere (A), is named after Andre-Marie Ampere, a
French physicist who made important contributions to the WHAT IS A FAULT/ FAULT PLANE?
theory of electricity and magnetism.
 Is the planer surface along which relative displacement of
Ammeter - is a tool used to measure electric current. blocks takes place during the process of faulting.
 Fault plane may be vertical, inclined and horizontal.
VOLTAGE
TYPES OF FAULTS
o Voltage describes the “pressure” that pushes electricity.
o A battery consists of several dry cells or wet cells. Both dry
and wet contain a conducting medium called electrolyte.
o The symbol for voltage is capital letter (V). The unit, Volts (V).
o The unit Volts (V), is named after the Italian physicist
Alessandro Volta who invented the voltaic pile, the forerunner
of what we now call the dry cell.
Voltmeter - is a tool used to measure voltage.
RESISTANCE  Hanging wall – rock above the fault zone
  Foot wall – rock below the fault zone
WHAT IS TECTONIC PLATE?
 are gigantic pieces of the Earth’s crust and uppermost mantle.
They are made up of oceanic and continental crust.
 Whenever these plates hit, bump or slide past another plate, an
earthquake occur.
3. TRANSFORM FAULT BOUNDARIES
WHEN DO YOU THINK THE EARTHQUAKE HAPPENS? • Transform boundaries are also known as sliding
boundaries. They occur when plates slide creating a
• It happens all the time.
break in the earth's surface. This can create a cliff and
• The place where the earthquakes originate is called the
often causes earthquakes along faults.
Hypocenter and the place where it occurs on the Earth’s
surface is called the Epicenter.
Tectonic plates can move in different directions resulting in different
outcomes.
THREE TYPES OF TECTONIC PLATE BOUNDARIES:
1. CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES
• Convergent boundaries occur when plates collide with
each other. Volcanos and Earthquakes commonly occur
along convergent boundaries.
TRIVIA!
• The instrument used by scientists to measure the
intensity of the Earthquake is known as Seismograph
• A tsunami is caused when earthquakes occur under
water.

2. DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES
• Divergent boundaries occur when plates move away
from one another. When they move apart, water or
magma fills the space and creates new land.