UNIT – V

LANDSCAPING OF
FUNCTIONAL AREAS
 UNIT -5

Urban open spaces and principle of urban landscape . Street landscaping,

landscape design for waterfront areas and functional areas in urban centres.
Green infrastructure including green roofs and walls.
 URBAN OPEN SPACES
Urban open space (UOS) is a broad term that can be used to
describe all land that does not contain buildings and structures.
Urban open spaces (UOS) are defined as publicly accessible open
places designed and built from human activity and enjoyment.
These may include children’s play areas, green corridors
,downtown civic plazas ,squares & pedestrian streets.
 TYPOLOGIES OF OPEN SPACES

WATERWAYS PARKS GREEN AREAS PLAYING PLAZA SQUARE STREETS

PLAY
FIELD GROUND
Urban Landscapes :
Introduction:
Urban landscape is a concrete and objective phenomenon embodied by the
quality of the physical factors of the environment. It is a system formed by the
relation between the man and the urban environment.
 NEED OF URBAN LANDSCAPE :

a) Public space & Public life go hand in hand.

b) They are shaped & modified by one another.
c) Without the Public space there would be no public life & without the Public
life the space would be worthless.
d) The streets, squares & parks give a city the flow of human exchange.
e) Urban Landscape designs needs to be created by the study of the people
that would use them.
The Merlion (/ˈmɜːrˌlaɪən/) is the national symbol of the city-state
of Singapore. It is depicted as a mythical (legendary/history) creature with
a lion's head and the body of a fish. Being of prominent symbolic nature to
Singapore and Singaporeans in general, it is widely used to represent both
the country and its people in sports teams, advertising, branding, tourism
and as a national personification and patriotic emblem of the
Singaporean nation.
The architecture is said to be a form
reminiscent of a lotus flower. It is
designed by the Moshe Safdie.
Referred to as "The Welcoming Hand of
Singapore" by Las Vegas
Sands chairman Sheldon Adelson, the
ArtScience Museum is anchored by a
round base in the middle, with ten
extensions referred to as "fingers". The
design concept for each finger denotes
various gallery spaces sporting skylights
at the "fingertips", which are included as
sustainable illumination for the curved
interior walls.
Uses of Urban Landscape ??
 When to use Landscape ??

Think holistically when developing any site. Landscape design can be used as a solution
for many site problems.
Think holistically when developing any site. Landscape design can be used as a solution for
many site problems.
 List of Factors for a Successful Urban Landscape Design : Function

a) Through history, communities have developed public spaces that met their
needs, whether these were markets, places for sacred celebrations, or sites
for local rituals.
b) Public spaces often come to symbolize the community, society or culture.
c) Specific places acquire meaning through their functions, further deepening
their roles in people’s lives.
Basic Active functions for Urban Landscape Basic Passive functions for Urban
a)Concerts Landscape
b)Farmer’s markets a)Sitting
c)Political rallies b)Reading
d)Art shows c)People watching
e)Drama performances d)Eating
f)Town meetings e)Sleeping
g)Festivals f)Walking
h)Auctions g)Relaxing
Character
a) Every Urban Setting has unique features that make it like no other place.

b) Historical artifacts, information & educational markers, landmarks &

artwork express the unique characteristics exclusive to that place alone.

c) Authentic places derive character & meaning form local history, local
materials, local climate & local culture.

d) Authentic Urban Landscape never deceive the user about where they
are
e)Artifacts: Memorials & Historic markers lend particular significance to a
space

f)Information & Education: Readily available facts, form history & neighboring
buildings, to the whereabouts or restrooms or the types of trees overhead &
plants, underfoot, ensure that places are easy to use.

g)Landmarks: Serve as meeting places or directional indicators within the

urban framework.

h)Art: Whether steeped in social commentary or as expression of beauty,

approachable public art lends solemnity, joy, wonder, or to debate to any
space.
Ideal Layout
a) Urban Landscape need clear boundaries that create limits & include
attributes that make them unique & give them focus.

b) Spaces need to be enclosed, provide a sense of arrival, have scale

appropriate to the environment, and have character enhanced with
stairways, vantage points, and repeating patterns-all while being flexible
enough to allow a variety of functions to occur within.

c) Portals: Create a sense of arrival when entering a plaza

d) Enclosures: Buildings, landforms, landscape & water bodies define space

& create boundaries.

e) Vistas: People like to be able to examine their surroundings in order to feel

comfortable with where they are

f) Scale: Create a scale that doesn’t overwhelm people.

a) Flexibility: Keep the center area open; multi-use areas without
fixed features near the middle allow them to function like outdoor
conference rooms.

b) Patterns: The repetitious patterns in paving, in the landscape &

buildings create soothing visual frames.
RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENT
The Riverfront Development Project is envisioned to renew and rejuvenate by creating an
active and public riverfront with improved physical and social infrastructure through
overall experience and recreational activities that will transform the heart of the city while
still preserving the natural environment of the river. The Riverfront will also be filled with
cultural and recreational activities celebrating the rich culture and heritage .

TUUNGA RIVER DEVELOPMENT -TUNGA RIVER , Shivamogga

Definitions of a RiverFront :
▪ A row of houses, or the part of a town, that is next to a river.
• The land or property alongside a river.
• A riverfront is a region along a river; often in larger cities that border a river, the
riverfront will be lined with marinas, docks, parks, trees, or minor attractions. Today
many riverfronts are a staple of modernism and city beautification.
RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENT
• Waterfront development refers to any development in front of water and a water body; a
river, lake, ocean, bay, creek or canal. In the development area, considered that a
waterfront development may not necessarily need to be directly fronting water but may only
need to look attached to the water.
• A more detailed definition described the waterfront as the interface (இடைமுக
புள்ளி point where land and water meet, between approximately 200 to 300 meters from
)

the water line and 1 to 2 km to the land site and also takes in land within 20 minutes
walking distance.
TYPES OF WATERFRONTS :

Natural Public Working Redeveloping

waterfront waterfront waterfront waterfront
PUBLIC SPACE :
REVITALISATION -the action of imbuing
something with new life and vitality.
The key feature of this project is a two-level, continuous promenade at the water’s edge
along each bank of the river. The lower level promenade is built just above the water level
and an upper level promenade.Together these provide Ahmedabad with an uninterrupted,
pedestrian walkway, of 11.3km in length, in the heart of the city.
SUCCESS STORIES
• The Sabarmati Riverfront Project add almost 10,00,000 sq. mts. of parks,
promenades and plazas to Ahmedabad.
• The Sabarmati Riverfront Project help provide Ahmedabad with many new cultural
trade and social institutions (36,000 Sq.m).
• Creating of City Level Recreational Activities – Water Sports and Floating restaurants.
• Tourist attraction.
• Recharge of Ground water Aquifers of the city
• Continuous Green coverage along the river corridor.
• Elimination of Flood Hazard.
• Creating Vibrant Urban neighborhoods and beautification of the city.
INFERENCES
River front qualities Points to think when designing a riverfront
• Access and linkage
• Edge uses
• Attractions and destinations
• Identify and image
• Amenities
• Water uses
• Flexibility in design
• Seasonal strategy
• Landuse management
• Diverse funding sources
 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE:
▪ Green infrastructure is an approach to water management that protects,
restores, or mimics the natural water cycle.
▪ Green infrastructure is effective, economical, and enhances community
safety and quality of life.
▪ It means planting trees and restoring wetlands, rather than building a costly
new water treatment plant.

Aerial view of
central China's
provincial
capital city of
Hefei with large
public green
spaces, a form
of green
infrastructure.
▪ DEFINITION :
▪ Green Infrastructure refers to ecological systems, both natural and
engineered, that act as living infrastructure. Green Infrastructure elements
are planned and managed primarily for stormwater control, but also
exhibit social, economic and environmental benefits.

Green infrastructure reduces risks to gray infrastructure from

hazards such as flooding and wildfire.
 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

REUSE IT MOVE IT
SINK IT SLOW IT

▪ Creek Daylighting
▪ Rain Garden ▪ Flow through Planters ▪ RainWater Harvesting
▪ Permeable Pavement ▪ Vegetated Roof
▪ Constructed wetland
▪ Detention Tank

https://www.spur.org/news/2013-08-08/8-shades-green-infrastructure
Fact: Providing tree cover for an additional 25% of your residential lot, diverting your
downspouts to rain gardens, replacing half of your lawn with native gardens and using
vegetated drainage swales instead of stormwater pipes decreases the total costs by
$46,286! These strategies reduce peak discharge of stormwater by 44%.” —
(http://greenvalues.cnt. org/calculator)
Benefits of Green Infrastructure
•Create habitat for birds, butterflies & other
wildlife
•Increase water conservation
•Reduce water pollution in nearby rivers and
streams
•Recharge local groundwater
•Reduce potential of flooding
•Use as an educational & research tool
•Eliminate standing water
•Reduce construction of drainage & retention systems
•Community beautification
•Delay & reduce peak stormwater runoff flow rates
•Decrease erosion
•Reduce sewer overflow events
•Increase carbon sequestration
•Reduce urban heat island effect & energy costs
•Improve air quality
•Provide additional recreational space
•Filter runoff pollution & improve water quality
•Improve human health
•Increase land value
VERTICAL GARDENS:
Hydroponics is a type of horticulture and a subset of hydroculture, which is a
method of growing plants, usually crops, without soil, by using mineral nutrient
solutions in an aqueous solvent.

HYDROPOINICS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHpNu4_6uc0
GREEN ROOFS:
GREEN ROOFS :
ADVANTAGES OF GREEN ROOFS:
INTERLACE , SINGAPORE :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ya69WuHcq8M&feature=emb_logo
Brainstorming Session
1. Define a Urban Open Space ??
 URBAN OPEN SPACES
Urban open space (UOS) is a broad term that can be used to
describe all land that does not contain buildings and structures.
Urban open spaces (UOS) are defined as publicly accessible open
places designed and built from human activity and enjoyment.
These may include children’s play areas, green corridors
,downtown civic plazas ,squares & pedestrian streets.
2. What is the benefit of green roofs??
- Solar Heat Reduction
- Visual aesthetics
THANK YOU !!!