MODULE 8: EVERYDAY MEMORY AND MEMORY ERRORS

• What do you call a memory for specific experiences from our life which can
include both episodic and semantic components? Answer: autobiographical
memory

• What do you call the enhanced memory for adolescents and young
adulthood found in people over 40? Answer: reminiscence bump

• What is the hypothesis that proposes that memory is enhanced for events
that occur as a person's self-image or life identity is being formed? Answer:
self-image hypothesis

• Who illustrated a difference between autobiographical memory and

laboratory memory using a brain scanning study? Answer: Roberto cabeza
and coworkers
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MODULE 8: EVERYDAY MEMORY AND MEMORY ERRORS

• According to this hypothesis, periods of rapid change that are followed by

stability cause stronger encoding of memories Answer: Cognitive
hypothesis

• According to this hypothesis events in a person's life story becomes easier

to recall when they fit the cultural life script for that person's culture
Answer: cultural life script hypothesis

• What do you call all of the events that have occurred in a person's life?
Answer: person's life story

• What do you call the culturally expected events that occur at a particular
time in the life span? Answer: cultural life script
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MODULE 8: EVERYDAY MEMORY AND MEMORY ERRORS
• This is a phenomenon or a tendency for the most notable public events in
the person's life to be perceived to occur when the person is young
Answer: youth bias
• In what part of the brain structure does arousing words or activity was
higher for emotional words? Answer - Amygdala
• What can trigger mechanisms in the amygdala that helps us remember
events associated with the emotions? Answer - emotions
• What is the hormone that increases consolidation of memory? Answer -
cortisol
• According to Larry Cahill and coworkers’ experiment, what does hormone
activation after arousing emotional experiences do to our memory?
Answer - Enhanced memory consolidation
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• What do you call a memory for the circumstances surrounding shocking,
highly charged events, but also not a memory for the event itself?
Answer - flashbulb memory

• What do you call the mechanism responsible for vivid and detailed
memories, as if the memories are like a photograph that resist fading?
Answer - now print

• What do you call the technique of determining whether memory changes

over time by testing participants a number of times after an event? In simple
terms, this is comparing later memories to memories collected immediately
after the event.
Answer - repeated recall

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MODULE 8: EVERYDAY MEMORY AND MEMORY ERRORS
• What do you call the hypothesis which states that we may remember
events like the 9/11 not because of a special mechanism, but because we
rehearse these events after they occur? Answer - Narrative rehearsal
hypothesis
• This study suggests that perhaps, memories that are supposed to be
Flashbulb memories decay just like regular memories Answer - challenger
study

• What people report as memories are constructed based on what actually

happened plus additional factors, such as the person's knowledge,
experiences, and expectations. Answer - constructive nature of memory

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MODULE 8: EVERYDAY MEMORY AND MEMORY ERRORS
• What do you call the process of determining the origins of our memories,
knowledge, or beliefs? Answer - source monitoring
• What do you call misidentifying the source of a memory?
Answer - source monitoring error
• What is another term for source monitoring error because the memory is
attributed to the wrong source? Answer - source misattributions
• What do you call the unconscious plagiarism off the work of others?
Answer – cryptomnesia
• What do you call the enhanced probability of evaluating a statement as
being true upon repeated presentation?
Answer - illusory truth effect

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MODULE 8: EVERYDAY MEMORY AND MEMORY ERRORS
• It is the ease with which a statement can be remembered and that it
influences people's judgments Answer - fluency
• What do you call the technique in which the participants tried to remember
the story at longer and longer intervals after they had 1st read it?
Answer - repeated reproduction
• What is the process that occurs when reading a sentence leads a person
to expect something that is not explicitly stated or implied by the sentence?
Answer - pragmatic inference
• It is a person's knowledge about some aspect of the environment.
Answer - schema
• What do you call the conception of the sequence of actions that usually
occurs during a particular experience?
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Answer - script
• It influences our memory by setting up expectations about what usually
happens in a particular situation. Answer - script
• What can cause memory errors while at the same time providing the
creativity that enables us to do things like understand language, solve
problems, and make decisions? Answer - construction
• What do you call a case of impressive memory, for example the case of
A.J., a 34 years old woman who has excellent memory for personal
experiences?
Answer - highly superior autobiographical memory

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MODULE 8: EVERYDAY MEMORY AND MEMORY ERRORS
• What do you call an effect where misleading information presented after a
person witnesses an event can change how the person describes the event
later?
Answer - misinformation effect
• What's the other term for misleading information?
Answer - misleading post event information (MPI)
• What do you call the memories that have been pushed out of the person's
consciousness? Answer - repressed childhood memory
• What do you call the testimony by someone who has witnessed a crime?
Answer - eyewitness testimony

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MODULE 8: EVERYDAY MEMORY AND MEMORY ERRORS
• What do you call the tendency to focus attention on a weapon that results
in an arrowing of attention, usually occurs when emotions often run high
after witnessing a commission of a crime? Answer - weapon focus
• What do you call a memory that involves a sentimental affection for the
past? Answer - nostalgia
• What do you call the increase in confidence due to conforming feedback
after making an identification? Originally included in the paper of Gary Wells
and Amy Bradfield entitled, "Good you identified the suspect".
Answer - post identification feedback effect
• This is an interview procedure which involves letting the witness talk with
minimum of interruption and also uses techniques that help witnesses
recreate the situation present at the crime scene. Answer - cognitive
interview
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• This is memories elicited by hearing music

Answer - music - enhanced autobiographical memories (MEAMS)
• What do you call an effect where taste and olfaction unlocked memories
you hadn't thought for years? Answer - Proust effect

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