Prelab: (answer all questions in complete sentences)

1.NaOH+HCl>H2O+NaCl

2.a: 25.0mL HCl; b: 44.0mL

3.Wear gloves: when handling strong concentrations of acids, you must protect your skin to
avoid burns. Control the temp: when heating solutions, you must check glassware for cracks to
avoid hot acid spilling from broken equipment

Observations: (Write your observations in paragraph form. If data is collected repeatedly as in

multiple trials or the same data is collected for different samples, tabulate the results in addition
to the paragraph description.)

In part 1a: The temp increases gradually as the seconds goes by, then plateaus around 27.8C

In part 1b: The temp stays constant before jumping from 27.7 C to 32.5 C within 1.5 seconds.

In part 2a: The temp jumps up a few celsius before remaining constant around 31.1-31.4.

In part 2b: At the beginning of the titration, the pH increases before decreasing rapidly to a pH of
1.23

Data Analysis: (answer all questions in complete sentences)

1. See figure 1-4 for data.

2. See table 1 for data.

3. Litmus results unknown

4. Reaction 1: 5.3 C. Reaction 2: 7.9 C. Reaction 3: 4.7

Discussion Questions: (answer all questions in complete sentences, paragraph form)

1. While there is ways that this number could not be correct(ex,. Human error, mistaken
readings, etc,.) , if the measurements and calculations are correct, this should be an accurate
way to determine the concentration.

2. While gradual at first, once the equivalent point had been reached, the rate of the reaction
increased.

3. Litmus test indicate the pH of the acidic and basic solutions.

4. While most changes in temperature were a gradual increase for a while, reactions 1-3 had a
drastic fluctuation in temperature
References

Figure 1 shows the Temperature(Celsius) Vs. Time(Seconds) of trial 1 and 2 of part 1a.

Figure 2 shows the Temperature(Celsius) Vs. Time(Seconds) of trial 1 and 2 of part 1b.
Figure 3 shows the Temperature(Celsius) Vs. Time(Seconds) of trial 1 of part 2a.

Figure 4 shows the pH Vs. Time(Seconds) of trial 1 of part 2b.

Table 1:
Mass of Concentration Volume of Volume of Temp.
sodium of acid(M HCl(mL) NaOH(mL) change
hydroxide )
used
Part 1a: 1 2.024 2.0 25.0 22.5
Part 1a:2 2.107 26.0 23.2
Part 1b:1 3.536 2.0 44.0
Part 2.0 35.0 50Ml
2a:1(unknown
NaOH)