‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ �ﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻭﺒﺤﺙ ﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‬

‫‪@ ‰bznãüa@t…by@Šß@òäíbÈß@pa‰bèß‬‬
‫ﺣﻻت اﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎرﻓﻲﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﺮﺎﻳض(‬
‫ﻋﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺎ‬
‫)د ارﺳﺔ ﻠ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻻً ﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺇﻋــﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺯﺍﺒﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﺒﻲ‬

‫ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻟﻭﺍﺀ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‪ /‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﻋﻴﺩ‬

‫اﻟﺮﺎﻳض‪1426‬هـ ‪2005 -‬م‬

 ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Naif Arab University For Security Sciences‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻠﻴﺎ‬

‫ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(26‬‬ ‫ﻗـــﺴـــﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ‬
‫ﲣــﺼـــﺺ‪ :‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﲝﺚ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳـﺎﻟﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄـﺎﻟـﺐ ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺯﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺘﻴﱯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺷـــــﺮﺍﻑ ‪ :‬ﻟﻮﺍﺀ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ /‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﻋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﳉﻨﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﻘﺮﺭﹰﺍ‬ ‫‪ – 1‬ﻟﻮﺍﺀ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ /‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﻋﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻀﻮﹰﺍ‬ ‫‪ – 2‬ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ /‬ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻮﹰﺍ‬ ‫‪ – 3‬ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﳊﻔﻴﻆ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗـﺸـﺔ ‪1426 /4/9 :‬ﻫـ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ‪2005 / 5/ 17‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠـﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﺒﻠﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻝ ﺍﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬
‫ﺃﳘـﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻠﺨﺺ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﳑﻜﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺐﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﺉ ﲜﺮﻡ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﰿ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘـﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻫـﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﺳـﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻃـﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺇﺛﺒﺎﻬﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
 Naif Arab University For Security Science
The postgraduate studies faculty
Section: police Sciences Form No. ( 26)

Specialization: An investigation and a criminal research

The Master's thesis summary

The Master's address : The skills of inspection of the theatre of suicide accident.
Prepared by: Mohammed Zain Al-Otaiby
Supervised by : Lieutenant General Doctor/ Mohammed Fathi Eid
The study
discussion committee:-
1- Lt. General Doctor/ Mohammed Fathi Eid Supervisor and curriculum
2-Doctor/ Saleh Abdullah Al-lehaidan Member
3- Doctor/Abdul Hafiz Saeed Modam Member
The discussion date: 9/ 4 /1426 H. of 17 / 5 /2005
The study problem : About the following question:
What is the skills of inspection of the suicide accident?
The Importance of the study: The importance of the study as the following:
1- The inspection of the suicide accidents and the necessary skills therefore to what
results an important issues.
2- The speed of the revelation of these accidents ambiguity and the speed of the
settlement in and the achievement of the justice by the less time and a possible cost
3- Free easing of the burden on the judicial responsible authorities and the preservation
of the human rights and the non ondemnation by a body did not commit it
4- The entrustment of the task of these accidents inspection to the one(s) who abounds
by the skills of these accidents inspection and the palaces processor of the systems,
which help in the performance of its function in the achievement of the fast justice
The study objectives : this study is to achieve the following objectives:
1- The understanding of the inspection essence and its characteristics and the rules of its
holding and its means and the ways of its confirmation.
2- The recognition of the accident theatre from where: its reasons, its importance and its
monuments.
3- The specification of the suicide essence, and its motives, its reasons, and the attitude
of Islamic Sharia from it.
4- The specification of the necessary skills for the inspection of the theatre of the suicide
accident.
5- The clarification of the skills role in the revelation of the ambiguity of the suicide
accident.
6- The recognition of factors effective in the skills of the criminal researcher for the
inspection of the suicide accident.
 The Study Questions: The study tries the answer to the next inquiries:
1- What is the inspection? And what are its characteristics? And what are means and the
ways of their confirmation?
2- What is the accident theatre? And what is its importance? And what are the
monuments that it contains?
3- What is the suicide? And what are its motives and its reasons? And what is the attitude
Islamic Sharia from it?
4- What are the necessary skills for the inspection of the theatre of the suicide accident?
5 -What is the role of the skills in the revelation of the ambiguity of the suicide accident?
6- What are the factors effective in the skills of the criminal researcher for the inspection
of the suicide accident?
The Study Objectives : The researcher depends in this study on the content analysis method, throughout a
study and the analysis of some cases the inspection of the suicide accident and the matter
became ambiguous in it to the criminal researcher, and the attempt of the distinction between
the effects different from its difficulty from the other accidents as the killing. The researcher
depended in his study on a number of instruments like: the books, the specialized scientific
references, and the periodicals and the researches and the previous studies, and the analysis of
content a number of the suicide accidents states and a limited meeting form with the forensic
medicine experts in Riyadh City.
Important Results : he study has reached a group of results the time of its more important is what follows:
1- The inspection holding the responsible criminal researcher carries out it, and that his place
is the accident theatre, for the revelation of the accident ambiguity and his discrimination if he
was a suicide or other than that, and the means of their holding she : the sensory means, the
scientific means as the examination systems are by the rays and other, in addition to the expert,
and the ways of their confirmation she : the written description, the draft sketch, and the
photography.
2- The accident theatre he all of the places that witnessed the suicide stages and an importance
consist that it contains the monuments that benefit in the knowledge of the truth, and counting
the suspicion circuit, and an analysis and the evaluation of the information of the criminal
research operations, and its monuments or that invisible or evident effects is as the traces of
feet and nails, and the hanging effects and its disagreement.
3- The suicide is a will from the life, and the main reason of it is the lack of belief and
hopelessness and the despair of the Allah's mercy, in addition to some of the insulting the social,
economic aid and the psychological one as the psychological disease and the Sharia prohibits it,
and considers it a big from the greatest major sins.
4- There are skills must be availability in the criminal researcher for the inspection of the
suicide accidents, as the personal skills and from them the power of note and sharpness, and the
artistic skills as the skill of the interaction with the suicide cases theatre, and the human skills
as the beauty of the command to the team of the search about the truth.
5- The presence of an important role for the skills that the criminal researcher should enjoy
them for the revelation of the ambiguity of the suicide accidents, and the bestowal of the sound
legal description on the accident that he examines.
6- There are factors increasing the skills of the criminal researcher in the inspection of the
suicide accidents as the gain of the others confidence
‫‪ - 6‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨـﺔ ﺣـﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﲢﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ - 1‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﻬﺗﺎ؟‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ؟ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﻮﻳﻬﺎ؟‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺑﻪ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ؟‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨـﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻫـﺎ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻘﻨﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻫـﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺋﺞ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳏﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲤﻴﻴﺰﻩ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺄﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺑﺎﻷﺷـﻌﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳـﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻛـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﰲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳛﻮﻱ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺼﺮ ﺩﺍﺋـﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺷـﺘﺒﺎﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻔﻴﺔ ﻛﺂﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻇﺎﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﳝـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﳌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺮﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻩ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 4‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﳚﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨـﺔ ﺣـﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺤ‪‬ﺴﻦ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 5‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻜﺸـﻒ ﻏﻤـﻮﺽ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 6‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣـﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻜﺴﺐ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺇﻫــﺪﺍﺀ‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﲨﻴﻌﺎً ﺃﻫﺪﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺿﻊ‪.‬‬

‫@‬
‫@@@@@@@@اﻟﺒـﺎﺣـــﺚ‬ ‫@‬ ‫@‬ ‫@‬ ‫@‬ ‫@‬ ‫@‬

‫ﺃ‬
 ‫ﺷـﻜﺮ وﺗﻘـﺪﻳـﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺮﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻧﺎﺋـﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﺴـﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺷﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ‪ /‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﺘﺤـﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﺒﺨـﻞ ﻋﻠـ ّﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﱄ ﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺷﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻟﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﲔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﱯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺷﻜﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﺗﺬﰐ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﺴـﻮﺑﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟـﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠـﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺎﻫﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﻲ ﻬﺑﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌـﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧـﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺸـﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﰊ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﳌﺎ ﺣﺒﻮﱐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﲢﺎﺑـﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺧﺎﺀ ﻭﺻﺪﻕ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻟﺰﻣﻼﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺎﳘﻮﺍ ﻣﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪/‬ﺻﺎﱀ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻴﺪﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪/‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﳊﻔﻴﻆ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﺃﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﳍﻢ ﲞﺎﻟﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﻟﻘﺒﻮﳍﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺷﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﺩﻋﺎﺋﻲ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎﳍﻢ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻠـﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﻨﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﳚﺰﻳﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺎ ﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﺇﻧﻪ ﲰﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫ﺏ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻌﺪﱐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﻀﻠﺖ ﺑﻘﺒﻮﱄ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻤﺖ ﰲ ﺭﺣﺎﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻘﻴﻬﺎ ﺻـﺮﺣﹰﺎ ﺷـﺎﳐﹰﺎ‬
‫ﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺃﻋﺘﺮﻑ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻀﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﻢ ﻣﲏ ﺟﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﺩﻋﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ زاﺑﻦ اﻟﻌﺘـﻴــﺒﻲ‬

‫ﺝ‬
 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿـــﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻫــــﺪﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺷـﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﻣـﻘﺪﻣـﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﺸـﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ - 3‬ﺃﻫـﻤﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﺃﻫـﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ - 5‬ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ - 6‬ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪ - 7‬ﻣﻨﻬـﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪ – 8‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿـــﻮﻉ‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪ – 1/1‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪ – 2/1‬ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪ – 3/1‬ﳏﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪/2‬ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪/2‬ﺏ – ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪/2‬ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺍﳋﺒﲑ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪/3‬ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﰊ‪.‬‬
‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪/3‬ﺏ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻛﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪/3‬ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪39‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪41‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪42‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬

‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿـــﻮﻉ‬
‫‪43‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪43‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪44‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪45‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪46‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪47‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪49‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫ﺳـﺎﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪ – 1‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪ – 2‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪53‬‬ ‫‪ – 3‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻇﺎﻓﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪ – 4‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪54‬‬ ‫‪ – 5‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪ – 6‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪58‬‬ ‫‪ – 7‬ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‪.‬‬
‫‪61‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪62‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪62‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪64‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿـــﻮﻉ‬
‫‪65‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪66‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪66‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪73‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪77‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪78‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪78‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪79‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪80‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪80‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪89‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪95‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﺍﳉﺜﺚ‪.‬‬
‫‪117‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﺍﳉﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ‬
‫‪121‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪/4/4‬ﺃ – ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ‬
‫‪122‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪4/4‬ﺏ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ‬
‫‪124‬‬
‫ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿـــﻮﻉ‬
‫‪127‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪:‬‬
‫‪128‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪128‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫‪132‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪136‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪139‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪144‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪147‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪151‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪154‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪158‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪164‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪169‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪173‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪178‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪181‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬
‫‪184‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪184‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿـــﻮﻉ‬
‫‪184‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪189‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪189‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪198‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪209‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺣــﻖ‪:‬‬

‫ﻁ‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﻤﺩﺨـل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻭﻤﺸـﻜﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﻭﺃﻫـﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺤﻭل ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﻮﻱ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﲑ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺣﻈﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺑﺎﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠـﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠـﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼـﲑﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﺃﺿﺤﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻘﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺠﻤﻟـﺮﻡ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻼﺷﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮﻡ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻓﻨﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻘـﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻮﺍﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﺆﻫﻠﺔ ﺗﺄﻫ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻋﻄﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻻ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻛﺸـﻒ‬
‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺹ ﳛﺘﻞ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﲝﺜﻪ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺄﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﲜﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻧﻈـﺮﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﳝﺜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﲝﺚ ﻛﺎﻓـﺔ ﺍﻟﻈـﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤـﻖ ﰲ‬
‫ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﻬـﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻗﺘﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴـﺘﺪﻝ‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪) .‬ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪ ،(170-166 :‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺩﺍﻋﻴـﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻌـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﲢﺪﺙ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺯﻫﺎﻕ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﻳـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﻀﻴﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺘﺴﻊ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﺘﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺻﻌﻮﺑﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﺍﳍﻤﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺰﺍﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 20‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻟﻜﻞ )‪ (100‬ﺃﻟﻒ ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ )‪ (11‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ‪ 100.000‬ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻳﺴﺮﺍ )‪ (32‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ‪ 100.000‬ﻧﺴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺸـﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻄﻲﺀ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻜـﺒﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘـﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻧﺴـﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ‪ 3.5 – 0.5‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﻟﻜﻞ )‪ (100‬ﺃﻟـﻒ ﻧﺴـﻤﺔ‬
‫)ﻋﺒﺪﻩ‪1989 ،‬ﻡ‪.(125 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﻳﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﻌﻮﻥ ﲢﺖ ﻃﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺒﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲰﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﲰﻌﺔ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻧﺎﻫﻴﻚ ﻋـﻦ ﺍﻵﺛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﳋﻄﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﻱﺀ ﲜﺮﻡ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺹ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻓﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﻣﺸـﻜﻠﺔ ﳌﺴـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲝﻜﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﻀﺎﺑﻂ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘـﺎﺏ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑـﺎ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪ ،(242 :‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜـﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﺘـﺮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻛﺂﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﺷﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻘـﺪ ﺣـﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﺸﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﳑﻦ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻣﺸـﻜﻼﺕ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺎﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲝﻜﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺳﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﱄ ﺃﻥ ﺇ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﱪﺡ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﻟﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺟـﺪﺕ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ ﳍـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﱪﺡ ﲜﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﻗﺘـﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻱ ﻭﺇﺟـﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫)∗(‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺒﻠﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻜﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﺆﺩﺍﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺩﺍﻋﻴـﺔ ﺇﱄ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺗـﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻨـﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﻭﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻓﺘﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﲢﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺗﺘﺒﻠﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻝ ﺍﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬

‫__________________‬
‫)∗( ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪1412‬ﻫـ ﲟﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪ - 3‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪/3‬ﺃ‪ - 1/‬ﺗﻨﺒﻊ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣـﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻳﺘﻤﺜـﻞ‬
‫ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻘﻴـﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﳑﻜﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺐﺀ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﳉﻬـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻀـﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﺉ ﲜﺮﻡ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪/3‬ﺃ‪ -2/‬ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﺳﻬﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ‬
‫ﳎﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ – ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﰲ ﳎﺎﳍﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ – 3‬ﺏ ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼـﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺳـﻨﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻭﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﻌﺎﰿ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜـﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘـﻬﺎ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴـﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﺉ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺮﻡ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 4‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1/4‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﺳـﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻃـﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺇﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2/4‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫‪ - 3/4‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4/4‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5/4‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 6/4‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨـﺔ ﺣـﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 5‬ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1/5‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ؟‬
‫‪ - 2/5‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ؟ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﻮﻳﻬﺎ؟‬
‫‪ - 3/5‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺑﻪ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ؟‬
‫‪ - 4/5‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬
‫‪ - 5/5‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬
‫‪ - 6/5‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬

‫‪ -6‬ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ – 1/6‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﺐ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺟﺴﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻘﻠﻴﺔ" )ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺩﻱ‪1418 ،‬ﻫـ‪ ،(107 :‬ﺃﻭ ﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻜﻔـﺎﺀﺓ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺼﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﲟﺎ ﳛﻘـﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ" )ﻛﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪1999 ،‬ﻡ‪.(327 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻓﻄﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻳﻘﺼـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ "ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﱪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻋﺪﺍﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﺤﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ"‪.‬‬

‫‪ – 2/6‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﱂ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ "‪) .‬ﻋﻜﺎﺷﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺕ‪.(58 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻖ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ‪" :‬ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻓﻮﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻴـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺴـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ‪) .‬ﺳﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(59 :‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺷـﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻬﺑﺪﻑ ﻛﺸﻒ ﳐﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﺛـﺎﺭ ﺍﳉـﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱄ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺋﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺮﳝـﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ(‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴـﺮﺡ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳋﻴﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻮ ﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻻ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻﻫﺘﺪﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺩﺙ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺮﰲ‪1420 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(29 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ "ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳏﻠﻪ ﻣﺴـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳊـﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﳉﻨـﺎﺋﻲ‪،‬‬

‫‪7‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻮ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻻﻫﺘﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﻎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 3/6‬ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺣﻮﻝ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻟـﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻫﻮ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ(‪) .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲪـﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪.(51‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻫﻮ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﺒﺜﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻓـﺔ "‪) .‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻄـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘـﺬﱄ‪،‬‬
‫‪1421‬ﻫـ‪.(171 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪) :‬ﺍﻷﻣـﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺷـﻬﺪﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﺜﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4/6‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ " ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ"‪) .‬ﺗـﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫)ﻥ‪ ،‬ﺡ‪ ،‬ﺭ(‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺳـﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻋﺪﻭﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻳﻌﺠﺰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺘﺠﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﻌـﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱰﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺮﻏﻮﺍ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﻭﺿـﺪ ﺍﻵﺧـﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﺍﻣﻮﺍ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺪﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊـﻞ ﺍﻷﺧـﲑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻑ )ﺍﺩﻟﺮ( ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﺄﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﻟﻠﻐﲑ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻠﻄﺨﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻨﺎﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﺰﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﺍ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻼ ﻋﺪﻭﺍﻧﻴﺎ ﻳﺮﺿﻲ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻹﰒ ﲟﺎ ﻳﱰﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺎﺏ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ )ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ( ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﻓـﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪" :‬ﺗﻌﻤﺪ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﻼﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ(‪) .‬ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﻞ‪1421 ،‬ﻫـ‪.((11 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪) :‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﻷﻱ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻭﺑﺄﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 7‬ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﻬﺗﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ – 1/ 7‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳـﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻨـﻬﺞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﳌﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣـﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2/7‬ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﻴـﺪ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴـﻖ‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﻟﺒﺲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺘ ﹰ‬

‫‪9‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﺇﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻘﻨﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 8‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﲔ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﲔ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﲔ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﺒﺤﺜﲔ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‪ :‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﰲ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌـﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪ - 1‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ )ﻣﺸﺒﺐ‪1409 ،‬ﻫـ( ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻬﺎ )ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﺪﻓﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺑﺼـﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄـﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻛﺰﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
‫ﳉﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻠﺼﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻊ ﻭﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳏﻮﺭ ﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﹰﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻠﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻲ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺛـﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺼـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪11‬‬
 ‫‪ – 2‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ )ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺮ‪1409 ،‬ﻫـ( ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻬﺎ )ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ(‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻬﺑـﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﺺ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﻰ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﳑﻜﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋـﺪﻡ ﺍﺳـﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺗﻒ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺑﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺓ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺴـﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﹰﺎ ﺑـﺎﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓـﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤـﺎﻡ ﺑﻜـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻇـﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﲤﺖ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪12‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻳﻊ‪1421 ،‬ﻫـ( ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻬﺎ )ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﻓﺖ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺟﺮﳝـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﺺ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﺪﺓ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﺪﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻟﻴﺪﺓ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺗﻀﺎﻓﺮ ﺟﻬـﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﺪﺓ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟـﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﳚﺪ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﲜﺮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﺪﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻧﻘﺒﺖ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﺣﺚ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻒﺀ‪ ،‬ﺫﻱ ﺧﱪﺓ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ‬
‫ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﳑﻦ ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﺢ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﳛﻮﳍﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻜﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻭﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺃﻣﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪13‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﲝﺚ )ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﻞ‪1421 ،‬ﻫـ( ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ‪) :‬ﻣﻌـﺎﱂ ﻧﻈﺮﻳـﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ(‪:‬‬
‫ﲝﺚ ﺃﻛﺎﺩﳝﻲ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘـﻪ ﺍﻹﺳـﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﻠﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﴰﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﻓﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﲝﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻫﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻮ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌـﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﳌﺎ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﻮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺒﺒﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻼﻙ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻓﻬﻠﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺤـﺮﹰﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺍﳍﻼﻙ ﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩ ﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳍﻼﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺬ ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﺒﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻋﺘـﱪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺤﺮﹰﺍ ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪﻩ ﻭﻏﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﺆﻭﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻻ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺘﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﻭﺗـﺄﺛﲑﻩ ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻭﻓﻜﺮﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﹰﺎ؛ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺪﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺪﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺜﺔ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ ﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻴـﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺇﻏﺮﺍﻗﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌـﺎﱃ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﻄﺮﺓ ﻛﺎﳌﻼﻛﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﻭﳓﻮﳘﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺧﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺮ ﻭﺗﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺇﺧﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺄﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺗﻰ ﳏﺮﻣﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗـﺎﺗﻼ‬
‫ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﺍ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻭﺗﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻗﺘﺤﺎﻡ ﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﳋﻄﺮ ﺍﳍـﻼﻙ ﺑـﻞ ﰲ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺤﻢ ﳚﺰﻡ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻀﺒﻮﻁ ﺑﻀﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺷﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻫﺪ ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼـﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻻﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻭﳛﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺘﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳛﻘﻖ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺟﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻻ ﲡﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻓﱴ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﲣﻠﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤـﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻫـﻞ ﺍﻟﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﺗﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻻ ﲣﺮﺝ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻜـﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺷﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻗﺮﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺑﺸـﺄﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،.‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - 5‬ﲝﺚ )ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪2002 ،‬ﻡ( ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ‪) :‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻭﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺸـﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ(‪:‬‬
‫ﲝﺚ ﺃﻛﺎﺩﳝﻲ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻲ ﻫـﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻠﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻭﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺤـﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﶈﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ؟ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣـﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ؟ ﺇﺿـﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻇﻬـﺎﺭ ﻣـﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟـﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻠﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺘﺸـﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬

‫‪16‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﳍﺎ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻜﻢ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣـﺪﻯ ﻣﺸـﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - 6‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ )ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻄﺎﱐ‪1422 ،‬ﻫـ‪2002 /‬ﻡ( ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻬﺎ‪) :‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫ﰲ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺇﺳﻬﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻘﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘـﻞ ﲟﺪﻳﻨـﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳـﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺪﻓﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﲜﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻬـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺗﺴـﺎﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﺮﻱ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﶈﺘـﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺧﻠﺺ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺇﻻ ﻟﺒﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻌﲔ؟ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﳌﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳌﻬـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﻣﻬـﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﺴﺐ ﺗﻌﺎﻭ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺣـﺪﺍﺙ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ‬

‫‪17‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴـﺬ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ؟ ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻔﻬـﻢ‬
‫ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻗـﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻻﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻬﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﹰﺎ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻜﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣـﻦ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻭﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - 7‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ )ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻴﻤﺪ‪1424 ،‬ﻫـ( ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻬﺎ‪):‬ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺧـﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺩﻟـﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴـﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴـﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻬﺑـﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱄ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺗﺸـﺨﻴﺺ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﻠﺺ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪18‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺰﻭﺩﻳﻦ ﺑﺄﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺃﻣﺮﹰﺍ ﳑﻜﻨﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻜﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﲞﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﶈﻘﻘﲔ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺘـﺰﺍﻡ ﻳﻠـﺰﻡ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴـﺔ ﳌﺴـﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﲞﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻴﺜﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﺼﺪﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺣﻴﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﻳﺆﻛﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﳉﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺄﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﳍـﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻜﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳـﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺛـﺮﺍﺀ ﻓﺼـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪19‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺴﺢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﺍﺭﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﺗﻔﻘﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﲟﺴـﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝـﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﺩﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﻮﻱ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺧﺒﺎﻳﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻠﻞ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﻢ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺭﻛﺰﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺯﻭﺍﻳـﺎ ﻫـﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪) :‬ﻣﺸﺒﺐ‪1409 ،‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻖ ﰲ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﻛﺠﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪) :‬ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺮ‪1409 ،‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺟﺮﳝـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺹ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫـﺎ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳـﺪ ﺷﺨﺼـﻴﺔ ﺍﳉـﺎﱐ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺸـﺎﻳﻊ‪،‬‬
‫‪1421‬ﻫـ( ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻭﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ )ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ( ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ )ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪2001 ،‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺘـﻞ ﲢﺪﻳـﺪﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺳﻬﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻄﺎﱐ‪1422 ،‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺃﺩﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪) :‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻴﻤﺪ‪1424 ،‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﺗﺮﻛـﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﲏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪1409‬ﻫــ‬
‫ﻭﺣﱴ ‪1424‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪1426‬ﻫـ ﲟﺸﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﲢﻠﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻯ ﻛﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻳﻊ‪1421 ،‬ﻫـ(‪) ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻄﺎﱐ‪1422 ،‬ﻫــ(‪) ،‬ﺃﺑـﻮ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻤﺪ‪1424 ،‬ﻫـ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﻘـﺎﺭﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳـﺔ )ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤـﻞ‪،‬‬
‫‪ 1421‬ﻫـ( ﻭﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺳﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺴﺖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺃﺧـﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻔﺘﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺭﻛﺰﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺗﺘﻀﺢ ﺃﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪21‬‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌـﺎﻴﻨـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪22‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻫﺎﺩﻑ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻭﻣﻀﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ – 1/1‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ "ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻨﻴﺒﻪ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻜﺒﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﺼﺪ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ"‪) .‬ﺧﻠﻒ‪1985 ،‬ﻡ‪.(187 :‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺷـﺨﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺷـﻲﺀ ﺑﻮﺍﺳـﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺑﺎﳊﻮﺍﺱ ﳑﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺤـﺺ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻬﺑﺪﻑ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻭﻗـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻬﺎ"‪) .‬ﻋﻨﺐ‪1988 ،‬ﻡ‪ 11 :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻭﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻬﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳍﻢ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ"‪) .‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ‪1986 ،‬ﻡ‪.(332 :‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻭﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺷـﺮ ﺍﻹﺟـﺮﺍﺀ"‪) .‬ﺳـﺮﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫‪1986‬ﻡ‪.(288 :‬‬

‫‪23‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮﺓ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﻓﻌﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﲤﻬﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻟﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ"‪) .‬ﻋﺰﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(14 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟـﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺄﱐ ﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻬﺑـﺪﻑ‬
‫ﲨﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ‪" :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘـﻮﻡ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳏﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋـﻦ ﻛﺎﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﳏﺘﻮﻳـﺎﺕ ﻣﺴـﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻮ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻻﻫﺘﺪﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﻥ ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﻎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﳑﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺗﺘﻔﺮﻉ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪) :‬ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪.(138-135 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﻗﻮﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻛﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳜﻠﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻫﻲ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻛﺂﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺧﻔﻴﺔ ﻛﺂﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺒﺐ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻷﺳـﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺟﺮﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻛﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻜـﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺮﳝـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻬﺑﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﺔ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ – 2/1‬ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌـﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﻋـﻦ ﺍﻵﰐ‪) :‬ﺍﻟـﺮﺩﺍﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫‪1416‬ﻫـ‪.(17-15 :‬‬
‫‪ – 1‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻼﻏﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻭﻗـﻮﻉ ﺣـﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﺃﺻ ﹰ‬
‫‪ – 2‬ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﻧﺒﻌﺎﺙ ﺭﺍﺋﺤـﺔ‬
‫ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰎ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳـﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬

‫‪25‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪‬ﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺷﺘﺎ ًﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 3‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻘﻊ ﺩﻣﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻷﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 4‬ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻜـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺳـﻜﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 5‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ .‬ﻭﻳـﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 6‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻗﺮﺑﹰﺎ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﻌﲔ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺧﱪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻮﻗـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﲔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 7‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻬﺑﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﻋﺜﺮ‬

‫‪26‬‬
‫ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺪﺱ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺤـﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸـﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟـﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪) .‬ﲪﺸﻮ‪1982 ،‬ﻡ‪.(361 :‬‬
‫ﻼﰲ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﻣـﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﺷﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺸـﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟـﺪﺍﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﲟﺮﺗﻜـﺐ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﳘﻬـﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(207-204 :‬‬
‫‪ – 1‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺗﺒﲔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫‪ – 2‬ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺑﺈﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻟﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﺻـﺎﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺭﺃﺳـﻪ ﺃﻭ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 3‬ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﲟﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﳚﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﳏﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻼ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻪ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨـﻒ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪27‬‬
‫‪ – 4‬ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺣﺎﻃﺖ ﺑﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ :‬ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺣﺎﻃﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﺄﳘﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺻﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﻓﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺐ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻳﺸـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻻﺣﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﳍﺎ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨـﺔ ﲢـﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﲟﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺸﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻛﺘﻨﻒ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬

‫‪ – 3/1‬ﳏﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﳏﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﲤﺘﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﺆﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻣﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﶈﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻣـﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲣﻠﻔـﺖ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻈـﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﻔﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪) .‬ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫــ‪:‬‬
‫‪.(159-156‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠـﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻭﺻـﻔﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺰﻳﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻖ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺳـﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺪﺭﻙ ﺑﺎﳊﻮﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻹﺩﺭﺍﻛﻬﺎ ﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺪﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻓﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻣﺘﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻌﺜﺮﺓ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻧﺸﺄ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﺪﻗـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)ﻋﻨﺐ‪1988 ،‬ﻡ‪ .(142 :‬ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺑﺸـﱴ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺗﺼﻮﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻭﻗـﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑـﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﳝـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﲢﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﻫﺪﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺗـﺒﲔ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘـﻬﺎ ﻭﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨـﺔ ﻫـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺘـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﲝﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺇﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺳـﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﺩﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﳏﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ‬

‫‪29‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ﲨـﻊ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﺪﻻﻻﺕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﺔ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤـﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﳊﺪﺙ ﻣﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﻗـﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺜﺒﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﺋﻬﺎ‪) .‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ‪،‬‬
‫‪1984‬ﻡ‪.(6 :‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﺣﺪﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨـﺔ‬

‫ﳚﺐ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﺭﺗﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻼﺯﻡ‪) .‬ﻣﺮﺷﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪،(42 :‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (27‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻋﻄﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻋﻘﺪ ﺟﻠﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﳏﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﻭﳏﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻜﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻫـﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪) :‬ﻋﺎﺷـﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪ 115 :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﺮﺍﻉ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻳـﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣـﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﻦ ﲟﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﻃﻤـﺲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺪﺍﺋﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺮﻡ ﺃﺛـﺮﹰﺍ ﰲ‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﶈﻘـﻖ‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﲜﻮﺍﺭ ﺟﺜﺘﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺁﻻﻣﻪ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺩﻓﻌﺘـﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻗﻮﻳﹰﺎ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﺛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺿﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﶈﻘـﻖ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻛـﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺳـﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣـﻦ ﻗﻀـﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﲝﺒﻞ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﳉﻬﻞ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﱐ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﺘﺄﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻛﺂﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺻﺒﻊ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻻ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻮﺻﻒ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﲔ ﺑﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻐﺰﺍﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﺵ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻛﺪ ﺍﳋﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﺵ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺰﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪ ﲟﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﳌﺘـﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻼ ﻗﻮﻳﹰﺎ ﺿﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﺃﻻ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻒ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻨـﺰﻝ ﻓﻴﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﻳﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳛﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﻣﺸﺘﻤﻼﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ‬

‫‪31‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﻳﺼﻒ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﺑﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺑﱰﻳﻦ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﺛـﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻳـﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﺍﳌﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺇﱃ ﴰﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﻴﻌﺒﺚ ﺑﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬـﻲ‬

‫ﺇﺫﻥ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺗﻨﺼﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳌـﺎﺩﻱ ﺳـﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﲨـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻻﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨـﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻜﱵ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‪) .‬ﺭﺍﺳـﺦ‪،‬‬
‫‪1411‬ﻫـ‪.(139-138 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ ﻓﻘﻬـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺀً‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣـﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﲝﺮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﺴﻜﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺴﻊ ﻹﺟـﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﲨـﻊ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﺪﻻﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺇﻧﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻜﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﰲ ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳـﺔ ﺍﻷﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ‪) .‬ﺍﻟـﺮﺩﺍﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫‪1416‬ﻫـ‪.(31 :‬‬

‫‪32‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﻬﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﻮﻝ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﻴﺎﻧـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴـﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (27‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﺼﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (165‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ‪" :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﺭﻩ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﺒﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻄﺤﺎﺏ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﻭﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺟﺜـﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴـﻞ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﻡ"‪) .‬ﺣﺘﺎﺗﻪ‪1984 ،‬ﻡ‪.(3 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ :‬ﻧﺼﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (27‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺟـﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻨﻔﺴـﻪ ﺇﱃ ﳏـﻞ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺿﺒﻂ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺚ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻤـﺲ‬
‫ﺃﺛﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻤﺲ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﻟﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻴـﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻘﺎﺹ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲝﺴﻦ ﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺴﻮﺀ ﻧﻴﺔ‪) .‬ﻋﺰﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪ .(60 :‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﺻﻮﻟﻪ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺴـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬

‫‪33‬‬
 ‫‪ -‬ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﲢﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺣﺠﺰ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﲢﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻐﺮﺽ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻠﻀﺒﻂ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻮﻱ‪1407 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(98 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺰ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺣﺮﺯ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﲣـﺘﻠﻂ ﺍﻵﺛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻀﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﱴ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺣﺠﻴﺘـﻬﺎ ﻻﺑـﺪ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺼﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ )‪/125 ،98‬ﺏ‪ (165 ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ )‪ (27‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺍﺩﻱ‪1416 ،‬ﻫــ‪:‬‬
‫‪.(73-50‬‬
‫‪/2‬ﺃ – ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﻮﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜـﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻛﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺱ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﳑﻴﺰﺓ ﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﻘﺼـﻲ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺟﻨﺎﺳﻬﻢ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻢ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻜﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻃﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﻭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﻬﺑﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪34‬‬
 ‫‪/2‬ﺏ – ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝـﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺮﻭﺷﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺃﺻﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻬﺒﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻜﱪﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﰲ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳـﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻣﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻳﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪/2‬ﺝ – ﺍﳋﺒﲑ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺒﲑ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﻮ‪" :‬ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﺕ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﻪ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮ ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﻣﺴـﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻟـﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺸـﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊـﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﳋﱪﺓ"‪) .‬ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ‪1406 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(90 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻣـﻦ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﲔ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺑﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﲔ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪35‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺈﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺫﻭﻭ ﺧﱪﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺒﻮﺍ ﺧـﱪ‪‬ﻢ ﻣـﻦ ﺟـﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﻭﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﳌﻬﻨﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻛﺴﺒﺘﻬﻢ ﺧﱪﺓ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﲤﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺧﻔﺎﻳﺎﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﺃﻱ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪/3‬ﺃ – ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﰊ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻗﺪﳝﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻠـﺰﻡ ﻹﺛﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﲝﻴﺚ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻷﻫﻢ ﻓﺎﳌﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﻊ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪) .‬ﺣﺰﺍﻭﻯ‪1408 ،‬ﻫــ‪:‬‬
‫‪.(23‬‬
‫ﻭﳚﺮﻱ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪) :‬ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪(211-209 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻮ ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺣﻮﻟـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌـﺎﱂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺳﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺰ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﳎﺎﻭﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪36‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﳌﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻛﺎﻷﺛﺎﺙ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺘﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜـﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻈﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﳉﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺛﺎﺙ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻛﺂﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺃﻱ ﻇﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﲟﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻛﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺒـﻞ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻶﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳋـﱪﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﳊﲔ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪/3‬ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻛﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﳏﻀﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺭﲰﹰﺎ ﲣﻄﻴﻄﻴﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﻭﳐﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﳏﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪) .‬ﺍﳌﺮﺻﻔﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(106 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﻭﺣﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﲔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺗﺼـﺎﳍﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﹰﺍ ﺷﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺡ‪.‬‬

‫‪37‬‬
 ‫‪/3‬ﺝ – ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺟﹰﺎ ﺑﺼﺮﻳﹰﺎ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻇﺮﻭﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳـﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄـﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻮﻳﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻛﺤـﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﳊﺮﻳـﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﻳـﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼـﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﲢﻘﻖ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪) :‬ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(215 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺩﻭﻥ ﲢﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻼﺕ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻐﻔﻞ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺎﻻ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﲔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﻛﺒﻘﻌﺔ ﺩﻡ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌـﺾ ﺃﻧـﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻛﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻼﺕ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺛـﺎﺙ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺴـﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼـﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗـﻮﻏﺮﺍﰲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺎ ﰎ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌـﺮﻑ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪38‬‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﻤﺴﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺙ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﻤﺴﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺭﺡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪39‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﻛﺸـﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺏ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘـﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻨـﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺣﻮﻝ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﻴﻠﺖ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻫﻮ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻛـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ"‪) .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲪﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(51 :‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻫﻮ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﺒﺜﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ"‪) .‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺬﱄ‪1421 ،‬ﻫــ‪:‬‬
‫‪.(171‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻫﻮ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﲢﻀـﲑ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﺒﺜﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ"‪) .‬ﻋﺰﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.( :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻗﺪ ﺿﻴﻖ ﰲ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﲟﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻓﺎﻋﺘﱪﻩ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻣﺴﺮﺣﹰﺎ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻔﻬـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﺜﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ‪" :‬ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺷـﻬﺪﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺒﺜﻖ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ"‪.‬‬

‫‪40‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻟﺪﺕ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﻋـﺚ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ ﻓﻜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺮﺣﹰﺎ ﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬

‫ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺴﻤﻪ ﻛﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻄﺮﺓ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻣﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳊﻤﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ ﲢﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺴﺪﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺒﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻻﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪) .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫‪1991‬ﻡ‪ ،(55-54 :‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻪ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪) :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻄﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺬﱄ‪1421 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(175-174 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﺒﲔ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻸﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﲢﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﳛﻮﻱ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﻠﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻀﻴﻴﻖ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺻـﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻧﺘـﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺼﻪ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﹰﺎ‪) .‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‪1409 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(17 :‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺿـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

‫‪41‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﳏﻘﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺩﻕ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄـﻴﻂ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬

‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟـﻚ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺧﱪﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﺤﺼﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪" :‬ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﲣﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﲟﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻧﺴـﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻲ"‪) .‬ﺍﳌﺰﻳﲏ‪1417 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(10 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺧﺒﲑ ﺑﺎﺛﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺧﺒﲑ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺧﺒﲑ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺧﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﱪ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺒﲑ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟـﻚ‪) .‬ﻓـﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫‪1972‬ﻡ‪.(156 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺜﻤﺮ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻛﺘﻨﻔﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪42‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺛـﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﻣـﻌـﲎ ﺍﻷﺛـﺮ‬
‫ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﲨﻌﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻋﻼﻣـﺔ ﳝﻜـﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﻫﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ .(89:‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﺃ�ـﺎ ﻭﺟـﺪ�ﺎ‬
‫ﺁﺑﺎﺅ�ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣـﺔ ﻭﺇ�ـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺘـﺪﻭﻥ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﺰﺧـﺮﻑ‪) .(84 :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻄـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘـﺬﱄ‪،‬‬
‫‪1421‬ﻫـ‪.(36 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺷـﺨﺺ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﲨﺎﺩ ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﻋـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﲟﺮﺗﻜﺒﻪ‪) .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪.(158 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﻻﻧﻄﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻟﺸﻲﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺴـﻢ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ )ﻣﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﻘﺼﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘـﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺴﺒﺒﻬﺎ(‪) .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‪1998 ،‬ﻡ‪.(178 :‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻵﺛﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻼﻣﺴﺘﻪ ﻟـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺷﺪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬
‫ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ"‪) .‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪1955 ،‬ﻡ‪.(5 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ "ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﲨﺎﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﻭﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ"‪.‬‬

‫‪43‬‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻻ ﺭﻳﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻛﺸـﻒ‬
‫ﻏﻤﻮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﳊـﻖ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ‪) :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪.(158-157 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺟﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻀﻴﻴﻖ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﰲ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪1417 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(17-16 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻭﺟـﺪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻛﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﻏﻼﻗﻪ ﻧﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﳊﺠﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭ‪‬ﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺟﻬـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪44‬‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ‪) :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺬﱄ‪1421 ،‬ﻫـ‪(39-38 :‬‬
‫‪ – 1‬ﲝﺴﺐ ﻇﻬﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﲔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻛﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﻮﺍﺱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻇـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﻔﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻛﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﲔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺮﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺈﺣﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻛﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻐﺴﻮﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 2‬ﲝﺴﺐ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﱐ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺟﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻗﺘﺤﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ‪) :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪.(159 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪45‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﲝﺴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻭﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻏﺎﺯﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻮﺍﺋﻬـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻔﲎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻄﺖ ﲟﻮﺍﺩ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺧﻔﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻻ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻓﺘـﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻤﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‪) :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻄـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺬﱄ‪1421 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(40 :‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﺃﻱ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻠﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻛﺸﺨﺺ ﻓﻀﻮﱄ ﻳﻘﺘﺤﻢ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻓﻴﻐﲑ ﻣـﻦ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻤﺲ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﻬﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻗﺼﺪ ﰲ ﻃﻤﺲ ﺍﻵﺛـﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺯﺍﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﳐﻠﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘـﺎﱄ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺎﺡ ﻭﺃﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪46‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﳌﺘـﻮﻓﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﻮﻓﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺠـﺮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧـﺮﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪1417‬ﻫـ‪.(16 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻋـﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧـﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴـﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤـﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻤﺲ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﳚﺐ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﻱ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫ﳜﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺧﻄـﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﲣﺎﺫ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻛﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﺑﺪﺧﻮﻟـﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔـﺎﻅ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻷﺛـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ‪) .‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺬﱄ‪1421 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(41 :‬‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻓﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺓ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻳﻀـﹰﺎ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﻌﺠـﺮﰲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪1417 ،‬ﻫـ‪ .(24 :‬ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺩﻭﻣﹰﺎ ﲟﻘﻴـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪47‬‬
‫‪ - 8‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺘﻨﻈـﻴﻢ ﺩﺧـﻮﻝ ﺍﳋـﱪﺍﺀ ﺣﺴـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻵﺛـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻈـﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﰒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺒﺨﺮ ﻓﻴـﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﻈـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻴﺲ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻼﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﻋﻰ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺭﻓـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺷـﻮﺍﺋﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ ﺃﺧـﺮﻯ‪) .‬ﺑـﺪﺭ ﺍﻟـﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫‪1399‬ﻫـ‪ .(198 :‬ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻵﺛـﺎﺭ ﺑﻘﻔـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺟﻞ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲞﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ‪ D.N.A‬ﻟﻶﺛﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - 9‬ﲢﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺳـﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻـﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﲢﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﲢـﺮﺯ ﲝﻴـﺚ ﻻ ﺗﻠﺘﺼـﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺮﺯ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ‪) .‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺬﱄ‪1421 ،‬ﻫـ‪:‬‬
‫‪.(46-45‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺰ ﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻵﰐ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪1417 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(28-26 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪48‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻭﺭﺗﺒﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﺗـﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬
‫ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺰ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺫﻛﺮ ﳏﺘﻮﻳـﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺛـﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺮﺯ ﺑﺎﳋﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻲ ﰒ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺣـﺮﺯ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﻭﳜﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﳋﺘﻢ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺳﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻮﺛﻖ ﲞﺎﰎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺻـﺎﺹ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﻄﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻣﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺮﺯ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻃـﺮﻭﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺗﺒـﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﻗـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﱪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻷﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺍﺩﻋﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﻋـﻦ ﻧﻔﺴـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺄ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻈﻬﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣـﺪﻯ ﺻـﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﻻﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﱪ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﺍﳉﻨـﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻨﻘﻠـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺳﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻼﻡ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺼـﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻟـﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺳﺎﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳉﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠـﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻨﻘﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﶈﺮﺯ ﺑﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳉﻬـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﳊﻈﺔ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻬﺪﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻞ‪) .‬ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪1399 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(204 :‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬

‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﲤﻴﺰﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻏـﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﲟﺮﺣﻠﺘﲔ ﳘﺎ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪1421 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(21-19 :‬‬

‫‪49‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺴﺐ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻋﺜﺮ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻛﺴﻼﺡ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺼﲑ‪ ،‬ﺃﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺃﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌـﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻧﺴـﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺷـﻲﺀ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻌﲔ ﺑﺬﺍﺗﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳـﺪ ﰲ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﻴﲔ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺪ ﺃﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻻ ﲣﻀﻊ ﳌﺮﺣﻠﱵ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘـﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﻳﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺛﺒـﺎﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓـﻼ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﻡ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ ٪100‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﲏ ﳜـﺺ ﺍﳌﺘـﻬﻢ ﺑﺬﺍﺗـﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏـﲑﻩ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ )‪ (DNA‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ‪ ٪100‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﲏ ﻭﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺗﻀﻴﻴﻖ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿـﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪50‬‬
 ‫‪ – 1‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻫﻮ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻄﺒﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺁﺧـﺮ ﺃﻭ ﲟﻌـﲎ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻪ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻛﺄﺛﺮ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﳉـﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟـﺒﻼﻁ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﺒﻠﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﻴﻨﻄﺒﻊ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﻬﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﻼﻁ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪) .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪.(161 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﰐ‪) :‬ﺟﻮﺑﺘﺎ‪1967 ،‬ﻡ‪.(101 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺢ ﺍﳋﻠﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﳋﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﳊﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺣﺬﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻷﺣﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺬﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﺵ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺣﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺣﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻬﺑﺎ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻷﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟـﱵ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺠـﺮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧـﺮﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪1417‬ﻫـ‪.(96-95 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻠﻜﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻛﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﻟﻸﺛﺮ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ƒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭﺗﲔ ﺩﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻗﻮﻑ ﺗﺎﺭﻛﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻭﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻘـﺪﻡ ﺍﻵﺧـﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺳﺎﺋﺮﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻭ‪.‬‬

‫‪51‬‬
‫ƒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺐ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺿﻮﺣﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸـﻂ‬
‫ﻓﻤﻌﲎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻓﺼﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻏﺎﺋﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗـﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 2‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺄﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻫﻲ‪) :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪.(255 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﺎﺋﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻠـﺪ‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﲪﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺋ ﹰ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻏﺎﺋﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳛﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻭﺩﻻﻻﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺂﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺷﺬﻭﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟـﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣـﺪﺛﺖ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺂﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪) .‬ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‪1967 ،‬ﻡ‪.(89 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺑﻌـﺾ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻛﺤﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﳌﺘﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬

‫‪52‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪.(258-257 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺑﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺨﺼﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰿ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﲏ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﳎﻬﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﺪ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ƒ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻔﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺻﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻮﺍﻟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺒﺲ ﻟﻠﻔﻜﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻟﻠﻔﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺸﻮﻫﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺤﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺃﺿﺮﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﺘﺮﻭﻛـﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ـﺎ ﻭﻳﺴـﻬﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻃﻘﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻛﻮﺩﻱ ﳛﻔﻆ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 3‬ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻇـﺎﻓﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻇﺎﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺴﻠﺨﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳓﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﻮﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺘـﻮﺯﻉ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﳍﺎ ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺣـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻨﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺘﻢ‬

‫‪53‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻞ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻏﺘﺼﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪) .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫‪1991‬ﻡ‪.(260-259 :‬‬
‫‪ – 4‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻜﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺸﲑ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻵﻟـﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻜـﺐ ﺍﳊـﺎﺩﺙ ﻗـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴـﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﲢﺪﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ‪) .‬ﻋﻨﺐ‪1988 ،‬ﻡ‪.(190 :‬‬
‫‪ – 5‬ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸـﻌﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺮ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺣـﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻮﻓـﺎﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺇﱃ‪) :‬ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪1954 ،‬ﻡ‪.(41-39 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﺪﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﺑﺘـﺄﺛﲑ ﺛﻘﻠـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﻌﲑﺍﺗﻪ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻡ ﻭﲰﻴﻜﺔ ﻭﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﻌﲑﺍﺗﻪ ﺭﻓﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻧﺎﻋﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﻌﲑﺍﺗﻪ ﺃﻗﺼﺮ ﻃﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﻭﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﻓﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﲤﻮﺟﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻌﲑﺍﺗﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﲤﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ ﻭﻣﻠﺘﻮﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪54‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﲑﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺯﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻠﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﻔﺴـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺼﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﻓﺮﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺟﻨﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﺤـﺺ ﺍﻟﺸـﻌﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻠﻴـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻟﺰﺭﻧﻴﺦ ﺗﺘﺮﻛﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻓﺤـﺺ ﺃﻃـﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﺘﺼﻖ ﲝﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻭﺷﺮﺫﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ ﺍﻟﺸـﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺿﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﹰﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﹰﺎ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺸـﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻵﰐ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪1991) ،‬ﻡ‪.(222 ،219 -218 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺷﺨﺼﲔ ﻛﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻌﺮﻩ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻌـﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻘﺔ ﲟﻼﺑﺲ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﻘﹰﺎ ﲜﺴﻢ ﺍﳉـﺎﱐ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﲟﻼﺑﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺴﻼﺣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﻑ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ƒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺷﻌﺮ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﻑ ﻋـﻦ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﻔﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﻭﻗـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻼﻗﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪55‬‬
 ‫‪ – 6‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺸﺎﺭ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺵ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻃﻠﻘـﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺮﻃـﻮﺵ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪1955 ،‬ﻡ‪.(59 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺒﻨﺠﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻃﻮﻳﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﻚ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ ﻭﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﻃﻼﻗﻬـﺎ ﺑﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺒﻨﺠﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﺇﱃ‪) :‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪.(228 – 226 :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﳛﺸﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻫﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺴﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ ﻓﻮﻫﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﰒ ﺍﳊﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﲔ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻤﺎﺵ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻜﺒﺲ ﲟﻜﺒﺲ )ﺍﳊﺮﺏ( ﺣﱴ ﲤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺵ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺻـﺎﺹ ﰒ‬
‫ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﲝﺸﻮ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺴﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺯﻧﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ ﻭﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺘﻚ ﻳﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺴﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺳﻘﻮﻃﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻠﺘﻬﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻗﻌﺔ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻏـﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳋﺮﻃﻮﺵ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺸﻰ ﺑﻮﺿـﻊ ﺧﺮﻃﻮﺷـﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺳـﻔﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺐ ﺍﳋﺸﱯ ﻭﺃﺳـﻔﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻮﺑـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻔﻞ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ )ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺴﻮﻟﺔ( ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺮﻃﻮﺵ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﺎﺽ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﻄـﺎﺓ‬

‫‪56‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺒﺴﻮﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺴﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺈﺑﺮﺓ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺴﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺿـﺮﺑﻪ ﳍـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺤﺼﻞ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﳌﺸﺨﺸﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺪﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻨﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺃﻧﺎﺑﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻠﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺸﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﺯﻳﻦ ﳏﻔﻮﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﱐ‬
‫ﻳﺒﺘﺪﻯﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﻮﻫﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﺓ ﻹﻃـﻼﻕ ﺭﺻﺎﺻـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻓﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﳐﺮﻭﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺵ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﺗﻨﺪﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺎﺯﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺸﻨﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻠﺰﻭﱐ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻫﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﳚﻌـﻞ ﺳـﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺘـﺪ ﹰﻻ‬
‫ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﻄﺒﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﺯﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺸﻨﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﻭﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﻴﺎﺯﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲤﻴﻴﺰﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻮﺍﺭﻍ ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻭﺭﺻﺎﺻﻪ‬
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺟـﺪ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺪ ﻳﻌﻠـﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳚﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺒﺖ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳـﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻧﻮﺍﺗﺞ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻈـﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻏـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻭﺧـﻂ ﺳـﲑ‬

‫‪57‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻀﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‪) .‬ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧـﺮﻭﻥ‪1959 ،‬ﻡ‪:‬‬
‫‪.(339‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﻋﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﳑﻴﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺮ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺇﺑﺮﺓ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺮ ﻗﺎﺫﻑ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺛﺮ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻄﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ .‬ﻭﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﺭﺻﺎﺻـﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻭﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﳉـﺮﺡ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﺛﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻭﺩﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻔﻌـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺓ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﺳﻮﺩﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﻏﲑ ﺍﶈﺘﺮﻗﺔ ﻓﺘﻈﻬـﺮ ﰲ ﺻـﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻐﺮﺍﺱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ‪) .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪.(235-230 :‬‬
‫‪ – 7‬ﺍﳉـﺮﻭﺡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﺗﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺃﻱ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻠـﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻏﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺣﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ"‪) .‬ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪1954 ،‬ﻡ‪.(68 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ‪) :‬ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪1954 ،‬ﻡ‪.(70 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺨﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﳉﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺟﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺑﺎﳉﺜـﺚ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺟﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻭﱃ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳـﺔ‬

‫‪58‬‬
‫ﺑﻘﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﳏﻤﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﳑﺎ ﺣﻮﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﻘﻴﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺨﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻈﺎﻫﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﳋﻠﻮﻱ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺂﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﲡﻤﻊ ﺩﻡ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﺴﻜﺎﺏ ﺩﻣﻮﻱ ﻳﺘﻐﲑ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﱐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ‬
‫ﻭﲢﺪﺩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﻭﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﺿﺔ ﻛﺎﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻴﺰﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﺫﻡ ﳊﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﺤﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﲟﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﻜﱪﺓ ﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻑ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻬﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺷﺮﺓ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺣﻮﺍﻑ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﲢﺪﺙ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻬﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﺎﻃﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻜﲔ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ ﺣﻮﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺴﺠﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﹰﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﻮﳍﺎ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻘﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﱰﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﺰﻳﺮﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺪﺑﺐ ﻵﻟﺔ ﻣﺪﺑﺒـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﺍﶈﺪﺛﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺴـﻜﲔ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﲔ ﺑﺰﻭﺍﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ‬
‫ﲟﻘﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳛﺪﺩ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻣـﺎ ﺗﻜـﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻨﻴـﺔ ﰲ‬

‫‪59‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﳏﺎﻭﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳍﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﻝ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻮﺧﺰﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻘﺐ ﻏﺎﺋﺮ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮﹰﺍ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻵﻟـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛـﺪﺙ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﺄﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﺪﺑﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﻏﲑ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺟﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻷﻋﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘـﹰﺎ ﻟﻨـﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴـﻼﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪60‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧـﺘـﺤـﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓـﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﻗـﻒ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‬

‫‪61‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻻﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ )ﺗﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻥ‪ .‬ﺡ‪ .‬ﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣـﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺻﻨﻔﻪ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ ﺇﻣﻴﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﻛﺎﱘ‬
‫‪ E - Durkheim‬ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﺭﻱ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﺑﺈﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻨﻄﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﻄﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻚ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ )ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﻲ‪1410 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(90 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﳋﺼﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﰲ )ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫‪1399‬ﻫـ‪:(81-80 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺳﻴﻄﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﻳﺰﺓ ﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺤﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺐ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻋﻘﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﳍﻮﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳍﺬﺍﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺰﻣﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻨﻮﻥ ﺇﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺟﺬﻭﺭ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻭﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪62‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺌﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ )ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﻲ‪1410 ،‬ﻫـ‪:‬‬
‫‪:(92-91‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻘﻮﺍ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﳜﻄﺌﻮﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﲑ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﻄﻌﻮﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﲔ ﺃﺫﺭﺍﻋﻬﻢ ﺃﻋﻤﻖ ﳑﺎ ﺧﻄﻄﻮﺍ ﻟﻘﻄﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﺍ ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻈﺎﻫﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻨﻘﺬﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﳍﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﱯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺟﺮﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣـﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﺣﺜـﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﻮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻟﺮﻏﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻋﱪﻭﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫"ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺃ�ﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻪﻠﻟ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻜﻢ ﺭﺣﻴﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.(29/‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻬﻮ‪" :‬ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﳏﺎﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺗﺪﻣﲑ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺩﻭﳕﺎ ﲢﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ" )ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(25 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﲤﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﲝﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻻ؟‬
‫‪ ‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺪﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺗﺪﻣﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﶈﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﹰﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ‪.‬‬

‫‪63‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲦﺔ ﳏﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺈﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻭﺍﻋﻴﹰﺎ ﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺕ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻭﲣﻄﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﹰﺎ ﻫﻲ )ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 137‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻘﻨﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﻌﲎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻣﺰﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﻨﻊ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﳓﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻲﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﳑﺎﺛﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﳛﺪﺙ ﰲ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ )ﻫﺴﺘﺮﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺟـ‪ -‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﺰﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻴﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪ -‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻻ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺪﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﲢﺮﻛﻪ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻓﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ(‬
‫ﻣﻮﺕ ﺇﻳﺜﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪64‬‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺻﻨﻔﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ )ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪:(162-161 :‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺧﻄﲑﺓ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻔﺰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﱐ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﻟﻘﻔﺰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻯ ﻃﺎﺑﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﲟﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﻘﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳋﻨﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻗﺪﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﲢﺖ ﻋﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺋﺮﺓ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻒ‬
‫ﻼ ﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﺓ ﻛﻌﺎﺷﻘﲔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﺳﺒﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺮﺍ ﻗﻔﺰﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺨﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺷﺔ ﰲ ﺑﲑﻭﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻢ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺃﲰﺎﺋﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﲰﺎﻉ ﺃﻏﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ )ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(162 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳌﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲝﻜﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻛﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻔﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺟﺴﻤﻪ ﰒ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﳑﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻌﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪65‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺩﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ )ﲰﻌﺎﻥ‪1941 ،‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﲟﺼﺮ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺛﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺆﺱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﻮﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻏﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﺰﻥ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﻲ‪1410 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(118 :‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪1989‬ﻡ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻛﺒﲑﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺽ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫‪66‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺽ )ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﻲ‪1410 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(124 - 123 :‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪) :‬ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(104 - 33 :‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﺮﻭﻳﺪ )‪:(Freud‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﱃ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻏﺮﻳﺰﺗﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻏﺮﻳﺰﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﻏﺮﻳﺰﺓ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺰﺗﲔ ﰲ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻫﻮ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻠﺨﺺ ﻓﺮﻭﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺘﻪ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﺮﻳﺴﺔ ﻟﻐﺮﻳﺰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻝ ﻋﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﺃﺧﻔﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻧﻌﻜﺲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ )ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﻘﺘﻠﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎﺏ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺇﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻴﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﻛﻴﻒ ﳚﺘﻤﻊ )ﺍﳊﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﻩ ﻣﻌﹰﺎ( ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﻣﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻴﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪67‬‬
 ‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﺨﻞ )‪:(Figol‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﻠﺨﺺ ﰲ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺎ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻤﺄﻧﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﲢﺖ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ )ﺍﻷﻧﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ( ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺍﺋﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺎ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺮﻩ ﲡﺎﻫﻪ ﻭﻳﻮﺩ‬
‫ﲢﻄﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻣﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺒﻴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺒﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻳﺄﻣﻞ ﺧﻴﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺮﺍﺿﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ )ﺃﻭ‪ .‬ﻛﻮﻧﺮ( )‪:(Koner‬‬
‫ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻮﺩ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎﺏ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺮﺟﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺫﺍﰐ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺪ ﻗﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻬﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ ‪ -‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﻣﺎ )‪:(Karma‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺰﻭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﺰﻳﺰ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﶈﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺓ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪68‬‬
 ‫‪ - 2‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺴﺮﺓ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻋﺘﱪ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﲰﻰ ﺇﻋﺮﺍﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻓﻊ ﻻﻣﺘﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻬﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﳊﻈﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻬﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻭ ﺟﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﺣﺮ ﻳﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﺇﺫ ﻳﺆﻛﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺆﻛﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻨﻔﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﲝﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﺫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻏﲑ ﺃﺻﻴﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻮ ﳐﺮﺝ ﺯﺍﺋﻒ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﳌﺄﺳﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻴﺸﻨﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺻﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻳﻬﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪) .‬ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪ 33 :‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ(‪:‬‬

‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪) :‬ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(104 - 70 :‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﻛﻬﺎﱘ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﹰﺎ ﻭﺛﻴﻘـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﳏﻴﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻄـﺮﺃ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻭﺗﻐﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﻨﻒ ﺩﻭﺭﻛﻬﺎﱘ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻧﺎﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻨﺸﺄ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳓﻼﻝ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻉ ﲤﺎﺳﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﳝﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻫﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﱰﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ‬

‫‪69‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺿﺌﻴﻞ ﻭﳏﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﺂﻟﺔ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﻧﻌﺰﺍﻝ ﰒ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺌﹰﺎ ﻻ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﺎﺭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻣﺘﺰﺍﺟﻬﻢ ﲟﺠﺘﻤﻌﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﺍﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟـ ‪ -‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺿﻮﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺼﺪﺭﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﺿﻰ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺼﺮ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻠﻮﻏﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻔﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - 4‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻛﺄﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ )ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪:(88 - 59 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎﱄ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﱐ ﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﻨﺼﺮﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺆﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺠﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﺼﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﻀﻢ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺧﻄﲑﺓ ﺗﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﺘﺒﺪﻝ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﻗﻲ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻳﺒﲏ ﻋﺎﳌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻧﺴﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺗﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﻴﻨﻜﻔﺊ ﺇﱃ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻐﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺧﻴﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﻼﻣﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺎﻡ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻧﻄﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻀﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺍﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺼﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻻﳒﺬﺍﺏ ﻟﻠﺬﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪70‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﳍﺴﺘﲑﻳﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﺎﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺪﺍﻧﻴﺔ )ﻛﺂﺑﺔ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﻖ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭﻫﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ ﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺩﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺬﻭﺫ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﺮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﻬﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻛﺪﺕ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ )ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ( ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ "ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ" )ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪:(186 - 83 ،76 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺎﺟﺮ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ )‪ (32‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺛﺮﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﳝﻠﻚ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﺝ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺧﻔﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﺩ ﰲ ﲡﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﺗﻪ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺛﺮﻭﺗﻪ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﳊﻆ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﳐﻔﻖ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻌﺪ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺘﲔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻓﺎﺷﻠﺘﲔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻋﺮﺓ )ﺳﺎﻓﻮ( ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺎﺷﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ ﻭﺃﺳﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻬﻦ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺮﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫‪71‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﺳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺮﺕ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﺣﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﻳﺼﻐﺮﻫﺎ ﺑـ )‪ (25‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻟﺒﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺮﺏ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺤﻖ ﻛﱪﻳﺎﺀﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻀﺤﻬﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﻓﺮﻳﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﻴﺄﺱ ﻭﺍﳊﺰﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻮﺕ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﻀﺮﺓ ﺍﶈﺘﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻹﺭﺍﺣﺘﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺭﺍﺣﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺷﺎﺏ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺃﺣﺐ ﻓﺘﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﺸﺄ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﺮﻥ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﺗﺰﻭﺟﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺯﻓﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳝﺸﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻓﺎﻑ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﻓﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﺤﺮﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﺃﻣﻪ ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﻩ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺮﻳﻜﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺧﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺳﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺤﺮ ﻹﺣﺴﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻧﺐ ﻭﺧﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪) ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺪﻱ( ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺛﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﺮﺿﹰﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻗﺪﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺭﺧﻴﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺻﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﳝﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻮﻛﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﻌﺮﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﲏ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﻧﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺄﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ‬
‫ﱂ ﲣﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻧﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻻ‬

‫‪72‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺳﻴﻼﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪1953‬ﻡ )‪ (215‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻳﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭ)‪ (49‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﻮﺫﻳﲔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ )‪ (21‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬
‫)ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪1399 ،‬ﻫـ‪ .(83 :‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﻫﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻚ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﳚﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﺮﻳﻪ ﺃﱂ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺽ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻬﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺃﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺗﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻋﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎﺟﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﺑﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻔﻘﺪ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻼﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺘﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺑﺮﲪﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻘﺎﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺬﺍﺑﻪ ﺃﻟﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺐ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﻇﻠﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺈﻗﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻫﻼﻙ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻦ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪" -‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﻨﻖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﳜﻨﻘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻄﻌﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻳﻄﻌﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺘﺤﻢ ﻳﻘﺘﺤﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ"‬
‫)ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻫﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣـ‪ ،3‬ﻁ‪،3‬‬
‫‪1968‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺯﺭﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺃﰊ ﻗﻼﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻙ ‪ -‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ‪ -‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫"‪ ،...‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﲝﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﺬﺏ ﻬﺑﺎ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺟﻨﺪﺏ ‪ -‬ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ – ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻧﺴﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﳔﺎﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺬﺏ ﺟﻨﺪﺏ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻝ "ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺟﻞ ﺟﺮﺍﺡ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ‬

‫‪73‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ‪ :‬ﺑﺪﺭﱐ ﻋﺒﺪﻱ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ" )ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻌﺴﻘﻼﱐ‪ ،‬ﺣـ‪،3‬‬
‫‪1348‬ﻫـ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻗﺪﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺣﺮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻮ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺮﻉ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺘﺒﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﲏ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺃ�ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ‬
‫�ﻔﺴﺎً ﺑﻐﲑ �ﻔﺲ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﻜﺄﳕﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲨﻴﻌﺎً‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻜﺄﳕﺎ ﺃﺣﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲨﻴﻌﺎً‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﲣﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺯﻫﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻃﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻼﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺃ�ﻔﺴﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻪﻠﻟ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻜﻢ ﺭﺣﻴﻤﺎً‪) ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.(29/‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻳﻜﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻠﻜﺔ‪) ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪.(192/‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻳﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ )ﺟﻨﻮﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‬
‫)ﺍﳉﻨﻮﻥ( ﻻ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺷﺮﻋﹰﺎ )ﺍﳉﺒﻮﺭﻱ‪1408 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(114 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺆﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺰﻉ ﻭﺍﳍﻠﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫"ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻌﺪﻡ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﻨﻌﺪﻡ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ" )ﻋﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪.(485 :‬‬

‫‪74‬‬
 ‫‪ - 2‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﳉﺰﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺆﳌﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻻﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﺷﻔﺎﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺤﺮﹰﺍ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﳌﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺰﻉ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﳏﺮﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ – "ﺇﻥ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﷲ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺐ ﻗﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﻼﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺭﺿﻲ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﺨﻂ ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﻂ" )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‬
‫ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣـ‪.(601 ،4‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻣﺼﻴﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺑﺘﻠﻰ ﺑﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺠﺰﻉ ﻓﻘﺘﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺯﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﲏ ﻭﺍﻹﻏﺮﺍﻕ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎ )ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‪1402 ،‬ﻫـ‪ (168 :‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﺪﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺜﺔ ﻛﺎﻹﻳﺪﺯ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﻴﺐ ﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ‪ -‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺇﻏﺮﺍﻗﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ‪1414 ،‬ﻫـ‪،176 ،168 ،166 ،163 - 162 :‬‬
‫‪.(184 ،183 ،182 ،180 ،179‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﺧﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﱯ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﺇﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ ﻭﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻖ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﱂ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻛﻢ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺃﻛﻤﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺟﺴﻤﻪ ﻭﻋﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻳُﺤﺼﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻃﹸﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﲟﺎ ﻛﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺘﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻛﺴﺒﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺴﺒﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺋﻪ ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻤﺤﺾ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﻊ ﳑﺎ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺭﻓﻌﻪ‬

‫‪75‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﳋﲑﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺻﺎﺭ ﺣﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﰱ ﻟﻠﻐﲑ ﻛﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻓﺎﻩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ" )ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﱯ‪.(377 - 376 ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﻓﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﲏ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻪ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺟﺴﺎﻣﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﷲ ﺍﶈﻀﺔ‪) ،‬ﻭﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺣﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺴﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻼ ﳛﻖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺗﺘﺄﺫﻯ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻮﺟﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳍﻼﻙ‪ ...‬ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺃﻥ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ( )ﺑﻜﺮ‪1414 ،‬ﻫـ‪ ،(191 :‬ﺑﻞ ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﺍﻹﳍﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﲜﺴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻠﻔﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻠﻘﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻳﻜﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻠﻜﺔ‪) ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺮﺓ‪ ،(195/‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺃ�ﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻪﻠﻟ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻜﻢ ﺭﺣﻴﻤﺎً‪) ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪.(29/‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻀﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮﺓ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﲡﻬﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺗﻰ ﳏﺮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻭﺗﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺗ ﹰ‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻗﺘﺤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﺼﺖ ﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻃﻠﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻪ ﺟﺎﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﻭﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻨﻪ ﺍﳍﻼﻙ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﲢﻘﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻧﻔﻊ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻬﺑﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻪﻠﻟ ﺍﺷﱰﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃ�ﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ‬
‫ﳍﻢ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻪﻠﻟ ﻓﻴﻘﺘﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﻘﺘﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﻋﺪﺍً ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺣﻘﺎً ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﺍﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﳒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻓﻰ ﺑﻌﻬﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻪﻠﻟ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺒﺸﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﺒﻴﻌﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﻌﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ‪) ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ‪.(111/‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ‪" :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻫﻼﻛﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺿﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻋﻮﺿﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺫﻟﻚ"‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ‪ ،‬ﺣـ‪.(267 :8‬‬

‫‪76‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ )ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ(‬

‫‪77‬‬
 ‫ﲤﻬﻴﺪ‬
‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﻳﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺜﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﲔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ) َﻣ َﻬ َﺮ( ﻓﻴﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﳝﻬﺮ ﻣﻬﻮﺭﺍ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺣﺎﺫﻕ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻬﺮ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﻣﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺗﻘﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ )ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻮﻣﻲ‪،‬‬
‫‪1909‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣـ‪.(900 :2‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻏﻮﺍﻣﺾ ﻭﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﺇﺗﻘﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﻓﻬﻲ‪" :‬ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻭﻫﺒﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺟﺴﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻘﻠﻴﺔ" )ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺩﻱ‪1418 ،‬ﻫـ‪ :‬ﻫﺎﻣﺶ ‪.(107‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺼﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻉ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﲟﺎ ﳛﻘﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ" )ﻛﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪1999 ،‬ﻡ‪.(327 :‬‬

‫‪78‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﻲ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﱪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎ ﻋﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺘﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ )ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺩﻱ‪1418 ،‬ﻫـ‪:(113 ،112 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻓﻄﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺎﺀ ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺃﺓ ‪ -‬ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ‪ -‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻫﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ )ﺩﺭﻭﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻼ‪1972 ،‬ﻡ‪:(398 - 396 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻜﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻘﺼﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻴﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺒﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ )ﺩﺭﻭﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻼ‪1972 ،‬ﻡ‪.(397 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪79‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﻌﻠﻘﺖ ﺑﺼﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻠﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺭﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺃ ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﲟﻬﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﳌﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﺖ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻨﻴﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺆﺩﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﲑ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺴﻢ ﻬﺑﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻻﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻈﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﻠﻔﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺟﻬﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﺪﻓﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬

‫‪80‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺮﺩ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺬﻝ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﺨﺬﹰﺍ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﲞﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﳎﺮﺩ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳚﺐ ﲝﺜﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﺩﻋﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺩ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫)ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(40-39 :‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻬﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻮﱃ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺪﻉ ﺃﻣﺮﹰﺍ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺤﻴﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﻓﻬﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﺗﻌﺪﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻓﻠﻜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻳﻀﺎﺡ ﺧﻂ ﺳﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﻣﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪ ،(33-31 :‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺴﺎﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻭﺡ ﲜﺴﻢ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫‪81‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻃﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺤﻈﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻃﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﱐ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﻛﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻬﺑﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﲝﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻛﻞ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺼﻒ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﺗﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﹰﺎ )ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(492 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻓﻼ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬

‫‪82‬‬
 ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ )ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪:(42 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﺍﺧﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻛﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻋﺪﺩ ﳏﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﺍﺧﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻀﺒﻮﻃﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﰲ ﳏﻀﺮﻩ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻧﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺧﻲ ﰲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ )ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(492-491 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺯ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪) :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪-34 :‬‬
‫‪:(35‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﻉ ﰲ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﻦ ﲟﺤﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺼﺮﺍﻑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﺆﺍﳍﻢ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺟﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻰ‪.‬‬

‫‪83‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻀﻴﻖ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﱴ ﺍﳊﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻫﺮﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺮﻬﺑﻢ ﺃﻭ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺘﻬﻢ ﻃﻤﺲ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﰲ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﺘﻬﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻞ ﺳﻴﻒ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﻠﻄﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳍﻢ ﺻﻠﺔ ﲝﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﲡﻌﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﰎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺍﻹﺣﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﲢﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﳐﺎﺭﺟﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻟﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﻧﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﶈﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻃﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻇﺮﻭﻓﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺇﳌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﲟﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺸﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﻚ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(37-36 :‬‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺎﺑﺮﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻮﺍﻣﺾ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺃﻧﺎﺓ‪) .‬ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪1420 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(37 :‬‬

‫‪84‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺎﺑﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﱴ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺘﻪ )ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(492 :‬‬
‫‪ - 8‬ﻛﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻛﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺇﳒﺎﺡ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺘﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﳚﻬﺮ ﺑﺂﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺨﺬﻫﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻜﺸﻒ ﺧﻄﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﻀﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﲤﺲ ﲰﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻜﺸﻔﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲝﺜﻪ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺻﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺡ ﻬﺑﺎ‬
‫)ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(46-45 :‬‬
‫‪ - 9‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺪﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻣﺘﺴﻤﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺮﺉ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺇﺩﺍﻧﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﻳﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺬﺍﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﻛﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳝﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺼﻠﺔ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺻﺪﺍﻗﺔ )ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪(41 ،‬‬
‫‪ - 10‬ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﻌﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﺤﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﻮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﺮﺓ ﺑﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺟﻞ )ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .(48-47‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﲤﺲ ﲰﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﺭﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬

‫‪85‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﻔﻮﻓﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳋﻄﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺃﻻ‬
‫ﳜﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻟﻮﻣﺔ ﻻﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳜﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺷﺠﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺭ )ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪1420 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(37 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻫﻮ ﺭﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻔﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﱪﻏﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺯﺍﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 11‬ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﻣﺎ ﳝﺎﺛﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻓﺎﺋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ )ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪:(48 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺮﺭ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﹰﺍ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻏﲑ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺘﺒﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻺﺩﻻﺀ ﺑﺸﻬﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺏ ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﻠﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﺭﻓﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫‪86‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ )ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪:(503-499 :‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻫﻲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺫ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﲔ ﺑﺎﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﲢﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﺣﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﻈﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﻳﻨﻔﺬ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻭﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﻢ ﻬﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﲔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺤﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻣﺘﻤﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﳌﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﺻﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﰲ ﺧﺒﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﻨﻮﻧﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﳌﻨﺤﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﺗﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺴﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪87‬‬
 ‫‪ - 4‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺎﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺧﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻃﺒﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﻣﻼﳏﻬﻢ ﺍﳉﺴﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻓﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﻏﲎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻹﺗﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﳌﻬﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻬﺑﻢ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻬﺑﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﳌﺎﻡ ﲟﺒﺎﺩﺋﻪ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺟﺮﺡ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻢ ﲟﻌﺎﱐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻄﻼﺳﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻐﺰﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﳛﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﲢﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺑﺄﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲜﺴﻢ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻒ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ‬

‫‪88‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺣﺎﻃﺔ ﲟﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﲑﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻗﺪﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﳎﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﻢ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻬﺎ )ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(60-58 :‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬

‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‪ :‬ﺇﺗﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ /2‬ﺃ ‪ -‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳛﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﲨﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻩ ﰲ )ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪:(14 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﲏ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪89‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺑﻠﻎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﲔ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻤﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻣﱴ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ؟‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ؟‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﻭﻛﺔ؟‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ؟‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ؟‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺮﻭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ‪ -‬ﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ‪ -‬ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﳒﺎﺣﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺘﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ )ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﺤﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﰲ )ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪:(56-25 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﺤﺺ ﻭﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺷﺎﺋﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺨﱪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪90‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﱪ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻼ‪ :‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺼﺮ ﲝﺜﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﳏﺪﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﱴ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﻘﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻳﻀﺎﺡ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫)ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪1420 ،‬ﻫـ‪ ،(212 :‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﻢ ﺻﺪﺍﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻛﺴﺐ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺩﻉ ﺳﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑ ﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﺸﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑ ﰲ )ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫‪1419‬ﻫـ‪:(168-167 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﺴﺮﺣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﲟﻀﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻍ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺇﺑﻼﻏﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻋﺎﺟﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬

‫‪91‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﳍﻢ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺙ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﺍﺕ ﺗﺄﻣﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﳍﻢ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺻﻮﳍﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻴﻄﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺼﺮﻓﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺬﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﲰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ‪) .‬ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(97 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﻓﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺻﻮﻟﻪ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﳌﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻤﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ )ﺃﺭﻥ ﺳﻔﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺗﻮ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻝ‪،‬‬
‫‪1971‬ﻡ‪.(4 :‬‬

‫‪92‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﺜﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻤﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫)ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪1972 ،‬ﻡ‪.(154 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻧﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻔﺮﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﳚﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﳌﺴﻬﺎ ﳊﲔ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﳚﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺼﺎ ﰲ ﻓﻮﻫﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻄﺎﻧﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺭﺻﺎﺹ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﺐ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫)ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪1972 ،‬ﻡ‪.(154 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻘﺲ ﻭﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ )ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪1955 ،‬ﻡ‪.(227 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺚ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻷﻱ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻮﻟﻴﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻌﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺚ ﺑﺄﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺑﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﺈﻟﻘﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﻠﻖ ﻧﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻧﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬

‫‪93‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺻﻔﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺬ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻀﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﺎﺩﺭﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺰﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻬﺑﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻳﻄﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺬ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﻗﻮﺓ ﳊﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﳊﲔ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﻓﺮﻳﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺗﺄﻣﲔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻬﺑﺎ )ﻋﻨﺐ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(34 :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﲦﺔ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﳌﺎﻡ ﻬﺑﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ )ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪1420 ،‬ﻫـ‪:(253-248 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﳌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻗﻼﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﺻﻒ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪.‬‬

‫‪94‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﳊﲔ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺤﺺ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﺭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﲔ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻳﺔ )ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﲣﺮﺝ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻻﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻛﺮﻭﻛﻲ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﻊ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﻀﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺷﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﺍﳉﺜﺚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ – 1‬ﺍﻷﻣـﺎﻛـﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﲞﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﻠﻘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺷﻜﻠﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫‪95‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻪ )ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ‪ .... ،‬ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ‪ -‬ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ‪ -‬ﻣﻜﺴﻮﺭ ‪ -‬ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ‪(... -‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻘﺔ )ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﺁﺧﺮ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳚﺐ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﲎ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻞ )ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ )ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻛﺴﺮ ‪ -‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ‪ ،(... -‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺪﻡ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺜﺔ )ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪ ،(280 :‬ﻣﻊ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺎﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬﻩ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺇﺿﺎﺀﺓ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ‪‬ﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺪﻓﺌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﱪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻟﻴﺐ ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ )ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪1420 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(251 :‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﲟﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﺤﺠﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﲝﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻭﺣﺠﻤﻪ ﻭﻟﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺷﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺳﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﻼﺕ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ‬

‫‪96‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﲟﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪﺭﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺻﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺴﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﻠﻚ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺣﺒﻞ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻭﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻷﻥ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻮﻋﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﻊ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻓﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﻧﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﰒ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﻭﲞﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺽ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺗﺄﻣﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻮﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻛﻤﺒﲎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ...‬ﺍﱁ‪ ،‬ﰒ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻃﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻛﺂﺛﺎﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ‪ -‬ﺇﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪ -‬ﺃﻗﺪﺍﻡ‪ ...‬ﺍﱁ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻣﺘﺄﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﺷﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪97‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‪ :‬ﻗﺪ ﳚﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺻﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻧﺜﻰ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺏ ‪ -‬ﻛﻬﻞ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻳﻠﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ‪ :‬ﺯﻱ ﻭﻃﲏ ‪ -‬ﺃﺟﻨﱯ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻻﺯﻣﺔ ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻟﻸﺣﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﻌﺜﺮ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻛﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﻭﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﺜﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ ﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻖ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﻪ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﺷﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺑﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻪ‪) .‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫‪1998‬ﻡ‪(152 .‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳎﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﺒﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﰲ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺟﻴﻮﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ )ﺳﻜﲔ ‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺬﻭﻑ ‪ -‬ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻛﺒﻘﻊ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪98‬‬
 ‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺫﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﺀﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﰒ ﺍﳉﺬﻉ ﻓﺎﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﲔ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺮﻭﺡ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺧﺪﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻷﻇﺎﻓﺮ ﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺟﻠﺪ ﲢﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻮﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﴰﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻯ ‪1419‬ﻫـ‪.(244-243 :‬‬
‫ﺟـ ‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻮﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺗﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻛﻤﻘﺬﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﲞﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﲑﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﳌﻬﺎ ﲟﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻫﻲ‪) :‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪1997 ،‬ﻡ‪(21 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺟﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺩﻓﻨﺖ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﱪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﳛﺪﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‪ :‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺔ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﺃﻭ ﺟﲑﺍﻧﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪99‬‬
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪،‬‬
‫‪1954‬ﻡ‪.(25-18 ،11 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﲝﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻼﳏﻬﺎ ﻭﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﻔﺮ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻬﺑﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺒﲔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺎﻬﺑﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﺪﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﻔﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﳌﺸﻮﻫﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻔﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺪﺩ ﺟﻨﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺯﻭﺍﻝ ﺟﻠﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻔﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺬ ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺫﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﻮﻝ ﺣﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺫﻥ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ً ﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﻲ‬
‫)ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪1997 ،‬ﻡ‪:(22 :‬‬

‫‪100‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﺍﳋﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻗﻮﺍﺱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻣﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻈﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻷﺧﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻛﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺬ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﻐﻀﺎﺭﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻓﻖ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﰱ ﻭﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﻋﻈﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﺠﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻜﱪﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻭﺭﲰﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﹰﺎ ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ )ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(251 :‬‬
‫‪/2‬ﺏ ‪ -‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ؟‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲤﻴﻴﺰﻩ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﳛﺘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺒﺲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺛﻮﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺘﻌﺪﻯ )ﺃ( ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺏ(‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﲟﻼﺑﺲ )ﺏ( ﺃﻭ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺗﻮﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬

‫‪101‬‬
‫ﻗﺘﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻳﻞ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻐﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺰﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻔﺘﻌﻠﺔ )ﻟﻮﻛﻠﲑ‪،‬‬
‫‪1983‬ﻡ‪.(72-71 :‬‬
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﻫﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﻃﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﻌﻠﻪ ﳚﺰﻡ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﺘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻀﻮ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺑﺄﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﻮﳍﺎ ﺟﺮﻭﺡ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳍﺎ ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﲡﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻘﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻏﺎﺋﺮﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﻮﺗﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺍﻧﺴﻴﺎﺑﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺷﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ )ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪1954 ،‬ﻡ‪.(75 :‬‬

‫‪102‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻠﺘﺒﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻮﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﻘﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺟﺜﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﲢﺖ ﻋﺠﻼﺕ ﻗﻄﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺭﺗﻜﺐ )ﺃ( ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺘﻞ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻗﺎﻡ )ﺃ( ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺟﺜﺔ )ﺏ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﻄﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺪﻫﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺗﺒﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺧﻄﺄ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺤﺺ ﻭﻳﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺟﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳍﺮﺱ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳚﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﻪ ﲝﺜﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳚﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﲟﺎ ﳚﺪ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻣﺜﻼ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﳎﺎﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻌﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﺧﺪﻭﺵ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﻠﺨﺎﺕ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻨﻖ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﳏﻤﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻜﺲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺼﻔﺮﹰﺍ )ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫‪1955‬ﻡ‪.(244 :‬‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﳊﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ )ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪1955 ،‬ﻡ‪.(244 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻠﺘﺒﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺷﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻩ ﻳﻬﻴﺄ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﻫﻢ‬

‫‪103‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺷﺨﺼﹰﺎ ﺃﺧﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﹰﺍ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻥ ﻳﻠﻘﻲ‬
‫ﲟﻨﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﻫﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﳐﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻀﺢ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﻫﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﰲ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴـﺄﻝ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫‪1411‬ﻫـ‪:(244-242 :‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ؟‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻫﻞ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ؟‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ؟ ﻭﺃﻳﻦ ﻫﻲ؟‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻫﻞ ﲦﺔ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺴﻠﺨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﻌﺮ ﳑﺰﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﺠﺎﺩ ﳎﻌﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻍ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺳﲑ ﺍﳌﻘﺬﻭﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﻋﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻌﻈﻢ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﺎ ﳒﺪ ﺃﺛﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ‬

‫‪104‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻔﻮﻫﺔ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺁﻟﺔ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﻄﺒﻨﺠﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﳑﻴﺘﺔ ﲜﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﻳﻈﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﻳﺪﻩ )ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(174-173 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﻈﺎﻳﺎ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻐﻄﺎﺓ ﺑﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫‪1411‬ﻫـ‪.(254-253 :‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻠﻒ ﺣﺒﻞ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺟﺰﺀ‬
‫ﺻﻐﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﰲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻻﺗﻜﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺘﺒﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺷﻨﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺪﺙ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﳛﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻬﺑﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﻭﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﳛﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﲝﺒﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﻳﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺑﺈﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻣﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﰲ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻗﻔﺰ ﳎﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻤﻘﻌﺪ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬

‫‪105‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻋﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﳚﺐ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﳑﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻖ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(258-257 :‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ ﳚﺐ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺆﻳﺪ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻄﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﻔﺸﻞ ﰲ ﺣﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺧﻠﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮ ﺣﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺧﻠﻮ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺰﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﳚﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ )ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(39 :‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻠﻜﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﳒﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﺪ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺣﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺑﺈﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻮ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﳌﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﺬﺏ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺮﺳﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﺮﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ ﻓﻴﱰﻟﻖ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻀﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻓﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻗﺪ ﺷﻮﻫﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳑﺴﻜﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﺑﻠﻒ ﺭﺑﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻭﺭﺑﻄﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ )ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫‪1399‬ﻫـ‪.(306-304 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﲣﻠﻒ ﺑﻘﻊ ﺯﺭﻗﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻮﻕ ﺣﺰ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ‬

‫‪106‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺟﺮﻯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺼﺪﻕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻋﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻨﻴﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻘﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺗﻴﺒﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﲣﻒ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺒﺲ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻴﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺜﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(259 :‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺷﻨﻘﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ )ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫‪1399‬ﻫـ‪:(311-306 :‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻑ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺑﻔﻚ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻣﻞ ﺇﻧﻘﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻭﻳﻀﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﱐ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻓﻚ ﺍﳋﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺗﻀﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺒﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﳍﺎ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؟ ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ؟‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﳚﺐ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻛﻜﺮﺳﻲ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﺎﳊﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪107‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺤﻮﻅ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﳊﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ‬
‫ﻳُﻼﺣﻆ ﺗﺮﺳﺐ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺪ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﺰ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﲔ ﻛﺎﻟﻐﺘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﳊﺰ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺟﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻏﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻘﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻋﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﲰﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻗﺘﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮﺭﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻔﺤﺺ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻳﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺗﺪﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻛﺒﻌﺜﺮﺓ ﺃﺛﺎﺙ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺼﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﺗﺆﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﳌﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫♦ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪:‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ ﻭﻫﻞ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟‬
‫ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺪ ﺧﻠﻊ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﻘﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺣﺠﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫‪108‬‬
‫ﺟﺴﻤﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ ﺑﺄﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺛﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﻐﻄﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(263-262 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﶈﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﻄﺮﻕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﻘﻄﻮﻉ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺳﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﰲ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﰲ ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﻷﺳﺮﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺰﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ )ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(28 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻣﻘﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﳚﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ )ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪1399 ،‬ﻫـ‪:‬‬
‫‪.(321‬‬
‫ﻭﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﲝﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻫﻞ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ؟‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻭﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﺇﺫﻥ؟‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺟﺮﻭﺡ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻹﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ؟ ﻭﻫﻞ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺪﺛﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ؟‬
‫‪ ‬ﻟﻮ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﲝﺒﻞ ﻓﻬﻞ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰲ؟ ﺃﻡ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻏﲑﻩ؟‬

‫‪109‬‬
 ‫♦ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﲔ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻕ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫‪1991‬ﻡ‪:(321 :‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﺟﻴﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﲤﺰﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﲝﺜﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻕ ﺟﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﻤﺪ ﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﺟﺮﳝﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺮﻕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﻘﺘﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﻗﺪ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺼﺒﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ :‬ﺳﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﺴﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﻻﺻﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﺬ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺒﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺮﻗﺪ ﻭﻓﻤﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺻﻨﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺰﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(264-263 :‬‬
‫ﻭﲡﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﱴ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﻢ ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺤﻮﻕ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪110‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻵﰐ )ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪1399 ،‬ﻫـ‪:(387-385 :‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻻ ﻳﻔﻜﺮ ﰲ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻬﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‪ :‬ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ )ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺳﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﻼﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ ﻣﻨﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﱰﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﳚﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﳑﺴﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻢ ﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ ﻭﺟﺪ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﳚﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﺆﺍﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻬﻢ ﻫﻮ ﲝﺚ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳋﻨﻖ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﻗﺪ ﳛﺪﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺧﻨﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺧﻨﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳋﻨﻖ ﻛﺄﻥ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻗﻤﺎﺵ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻦ ﰲ ﻓﻤﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻨﻖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪،‬‬

‫‪111‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﲝﺚ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﺇﱃ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﺰﻡ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﰎ ﺍﳋﻨﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻐﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺧﻨﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﺧﻨﻘﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻠﺘﺎ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻀﺘﲔ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ﻣﺼﺤﻮﺑﹰﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﻔﻜﺴﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺴﺮﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﲝﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﺗﺮ ﺭﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﰲ ﺧﻨﻖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫)ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(47 :‬‬
‫‪/2‬ﺟـ ‪ -‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻇﺮﻑ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻤﺮﺽ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻗﺘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻓﺸﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﹰﺍ ﻗﻮﻳﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﳍﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﲡﻌﻠﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺾ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺪﻓﻪ ﺑﻠﺒﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﻓﻦ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺻﻠﺘﻪ ﺑﺄﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﲡﻨﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺨﱪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﲤﻜﻦ‬

‫‪112‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭﺩ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻟﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻣﻄﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﲟﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻻﺳﺘﺪﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺵ ﻭﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺳﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﱪﺯ ﻭﲡﻠﻲ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻐﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺗﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪:(256 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﻣﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺷﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﲔ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﳒﺎﺡ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻨﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﻄﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ )ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪1420 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(236 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ‪ :‬ﻭﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ ﳎﺮﺩ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻠﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻮﰱ )ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪1420 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(71-70 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺒﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬

‫‪113‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺴﺐ ﺛﻘﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﻮﺩﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻃﻒ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻪ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﺟﺮﻩ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺪﺧ ﹰ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺭﳚﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺣﺬﺭﹰﺍ ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺛﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺯﻋﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﲏ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺤﺜﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﱃ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻬﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻃﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪/2‬ﺩ ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﻢ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﲟﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﺠﺢ ﰲ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫♦ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ‪:D. N. A‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﻳﺘﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻧﻮﺍﺓ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ‬
‫ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺷﺨﺼﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1997 ،‬ﻡ‪-55 :‬‬
‫‪.(56‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﻬﺑﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﻃﻌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪114‬‬
 ‫♦ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺿﺤﺖ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺠﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻇﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬
‫ﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1997 ،‬ﻡ‪.(49-47 :‬‬
‫♦ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺟﺰﺃﻯ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻪ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﻛﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ )ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪.(88-87 :‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺖ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪:(293 :‬‬
‫ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﲟﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺧﻞ‬ ‫‚‬

‫ﰲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺘﻮﻫﺞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫‚‬

‫ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪115‬‬
 ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺍﺀ‪:‬‬ ‫‚‬

‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺟﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ )ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪-89 :‬‬
‫‪:(90‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺧﻴﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻗﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﺋﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻮﻫﺞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﺖ ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺷﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻫﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﶈﺘﺮﻕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﹰﺎ ﻟﻜﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﻣﺘﻤﺎﺳﻜﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻃﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻒ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪:‬‬
‫‪.(291‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺑﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻜﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻠﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﻁ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ )ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪1991 ،‬ﻡ‪.(86 :‬‬

‫‪116‬‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺪﺩ َﻣ ْﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺳﻴﺼﻄﺤﺐ ﻣﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﻭﳛﺪﺩ َﻣ ْﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﱴ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﺼﻬﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻮﺗﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻬﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻏﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﳑﻴﺰﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﻭ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﺘﻴﺴﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﻏﻮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺗﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺋﻒ ﻭ‪‬ﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﺗﻜﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﲝﻔﻆ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻭﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺒﻞ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﻘﺪﱘ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﳍﺆﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﲟﺸﻜﻼ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﳘﻮﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﺁﻻﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﺁﻣﺎﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻼﺣﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻭﻧﲔ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪ )ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(64-63 :‬‬

‫‪117‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﰲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﻘﻮﺗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻘﻖ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻴﺴﺮ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﺟﻬﺪ )ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(65-64 :‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﲟﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻓﻬﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﻫﻲ ﲨﻊ ﺧﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳋﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻲﺀ" )ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻭﺯ‪1407 ،‬ﻫـ‪:‬‬
‫‪.(489‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﲜﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻣﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﻬﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‪" :‬ﺇﺑﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ" )ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪1417‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﲝﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ )ﺃﺑﻮ ﲪﻴﺪ‪1424 ،‬ﻫـ‪-18 :‬‬
‫‪:(19‬‬
‫ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺫﻭﻭ ﺧﱪﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﲝﺼﻮﻝ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪ :‬ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ....‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪118‬‬
 ‫ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺫﻭﻭ ﺧﱪﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺒﻮﺍ ﺧﱪﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﳌﻬﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺒﺎﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺿﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻗﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻜﺮ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻻ ﲡﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﻳﺆﺩﻭﻥ ﳎﺮﺩ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﲡﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻬﺑﻢ‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﺑﺄﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﺻﻮﳍﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺜﻤﺮ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﹰﺎ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﺑﺈﺑﻼﻍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﺎﺗﻔﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﻭﻗﺘﹰﺎ ﻃﻮﻳﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻀﻴﻊ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﺇﳒﺎﺡ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻻﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻮﻳﻀﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﲨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳐﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺣﱴ‬

‫‪119‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻀﺢ ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﳉﺮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻬﺑﺎ )ﻣﺮﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.(96 ،‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻷﻣﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﻓﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﺼﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪" :‬ﲣﺘﺺ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺼﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪" :‬ﳜﻀﻊ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻮﻇﺎﺋﻔﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ ﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪."....‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺛﻖ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﻬﺑﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻻﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻌﻴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻀﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺪﻓﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﻫﺎ )ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪1955 ،‬ﻡ‪.(63 :‬‬
‫‪ – 4‬ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﳉﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺷﺪﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻭﻧﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻀﻤﻦ‬

‫‪120‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﻨﺠﺢ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻜﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ )ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪.(495 :‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺍﳌﺮﺷﺪﻭﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻀﻢ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺘﻬﻢ ﺇﻣﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(40 :‬‬
‫‪ – 6‬ﺍﳌﺨﱪﻭﻥ )ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻮﻥ(‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻒ ﺟﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺘﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﳌﺎ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺗﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﺯﻋﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪﻫﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫)ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ‪ ،(496 :‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺛﻖ ﺻﻠﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻬﺑﺆﻻﺀ ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﺪﻭﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﲤﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﳜﻔﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﲦﺔ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﲢﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪:‬‬

‫‪121‬‬
‫‪/4/4‬ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﻛﺴﺐ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﻭﲢﻘﻖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺿﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﲝﺴﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻕ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﻭﺭﺣﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻞ )ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(51 - 50 :‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺗﻮﻃﻴﺪ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﲟﺤﻴﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺭﺋﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻬﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺯﻣﻼﺀﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺰﺍﻭﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺅﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳜﻀﻌﻮﻥ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﺇﺷﺮﺍﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺘﻮﻃﻴﺪ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲝﺴﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺭﺅﺳﺎﺋﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺰﻣﻼﺋﻪ ﲟﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺄﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﺳﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﳌﺮﺅﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﺗﻮﻗﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﺪ ﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﻥ ﳍﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﻢ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻬﻢ )ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪،‬‬
‫‪1420‬ﻫـ‪.(43-42 :‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﳌﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﲟﻴﻞ ﻭﺭﺿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬
‫ﳝﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﺮﺱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺰﺍﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ )ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(51 :‬‬

‫‪122‬‬
 ‫‪ - 4‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺣﺚ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻪ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺭﺱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪1420 ،‬ﻫـ‪:(44-43 :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻃﺮﻗﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﻢ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﲟﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﻠﻂ ﲜﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﺗﻔﻜﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺘﻔﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻼﱐ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﺴﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻫﻨﻪ ﺃﻭﻫﺎﻡ ﻭﺧﻴﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻀﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺔ‬
‫ﲣﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪123‬‬
‫‪/4/4‬ﺏ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪:(308-304 :‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﳓﻴﺎﺯ ﻷﺣﺪ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﻗﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺭﻳﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺧﻀﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﳍﺎ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻭﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺋﻪ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻔﻜﺮ ﻣﻌﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻮ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻤﺴﻜﹰﺎ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻀﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺮﺝ ﺑﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻭﳎﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻖ ﻭﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﻴﺴﲑ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﲝﺜﻪ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮﹰﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻼ ﳌﺎ ﳜﺎﻟﻔﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﺴﲑ ﰲ ﲝﺜﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﹰﺎ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺆﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻬﻤ ﹰ‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻃﺆ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﻭ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﳍﺎ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻤﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﺘﻀﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺗﺸﺘﻴﺖ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﱂ ﺗﻮﺣﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﲢﺖ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻬﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻀﺎﺭﺑﺖ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺎﻋﺖ ﺳﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﺿﺎﻋﺖ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﱐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺴﺮﻉ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ ﺍﳋﻄﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﳘﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺄﰐ ﻭﺻﻔﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﳎﺮﺩﹰﺍ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﳘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺜﺒﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺮﺭﻩ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺾ‬

‫‪124‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺮﻳﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺸﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻴﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪) .‬ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪1420 ،‬ﻫـ‪.(46 :‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺍﻹﳘﺎﻝ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﻴﻄﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺚ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻌﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺚ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻬﺎﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﺸﻘﺔ ﻭﺟﻬﺪﹰﺍ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﺍﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺭﲟﺎ ﳌﺪﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﳊﲔ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﺒﲑ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﺮﻓﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﺮﻓﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ )ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪:(72 :‬‬
‫ﲡﺎﻫﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻨﺒﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻴﺘﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﱃ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﳝﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﺽ ﻋﻘﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ‪:‬‬ ‫♦‬

‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻀﻴﻖ ﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻀﻰ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺟﻬﺪﹰﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﹰﺍ ﻭﻭﻗﺘﹰﺎ ﻃﻮﻳﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﻓﻖ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺎ‬

‫‪125‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﺳﻴﻘﻮﺩﻩ ﺣﺘﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﻔﺸﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺸ ﹰ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺇﳚﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻠﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ‬
‫ﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪126‬‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪:‬ﻋﺭﺽ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪:‬ﻋﺭﺽ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻨﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺨﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻁﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻋﻲ ﺒﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪.‬‬

‫‪127‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﰎ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺷﺨﺺ ﰲ ﺣﻲ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺀ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ‬
‫‪1414/7/24‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺣﻲ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﻓﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳑﺮ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﳉﺰﺭﻱ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻤﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻗﻊ ﲟﻠﺤﻖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺰﻻﻕ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻘﻔ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺧﺸﺐ )ﺃﺑﻼﻛﺎﺵ( ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻘﻔ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺗﺎﻥ ﺻﻐﲑﺗﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻘﻔﻠﻪ ﺑﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺧﺸﺐ‬
‫)ﺃﺑﻼﻛﺎﺵ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﹰﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺼﻤﺔ ﻣﺪﳑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﰎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻀﺎﻫﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﰱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﲢﺮﻳﻜﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪128‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺩﻭﻻﺏ ﳑﺪﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻋﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﳑﺪﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﻣﻠﻄﺨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺳﻜﲔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﰱ ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻃﻮﱄ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﻃﻮﱄ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﻨﺠﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻟﻌﺮﺍﻙ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺗﻌﺰﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﲝﻴﺔ ﲟﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﳐﺘﺺ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﺪﺃ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﻭﺻﻒ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﱐ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻭﺟﺪ‬

‫‪129‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﺤﺺ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﳝﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺥﰲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻓﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻀﺎﻫﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺧﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺗﺮﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ‬
‫ﳑﺜﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪:‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻷﺛﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺒﲑ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﲢﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﳊﲔ ﻣﻀﺎﻫﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻜﻨﺖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ‪:‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬

‫‪130‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﻮﳍﺎ ﺟﺮﻭﺡ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﲢﻘﻖ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺄﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺗﻌﺰﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﲝﻴﺔ ﲟﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 6‬ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﱐ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﲤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪131‬‬
 ‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺗﺮﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﰎ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺷﺨﺺ ﰲ ﺣﻲ ﺍﳌﻠﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬
‫‪1425/5/7‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺑﺸﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﲝﻲ ﺍﳌﻠﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲝﺒﻞ ﺃﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﻡ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﻛﺮﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﺛﻮﺏ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﺍﻝ ﻗﻄﲏ ﻭﻓﺎﻧﻠﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳊﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺣﺰ ﺣﻠﻘﻲ ﻏﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﻣﻠﺘﻒ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻷﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﲝﻮﺍﱄ‬
‫‪4‬ﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﻮﻑ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻌﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﻭﺇﻓﺮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪132‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﲔ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺰ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﺇﺧﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﳐﺘﺺ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﱂ ﻳﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺘﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﳚﺮ ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻭﺻﻒ ﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺪ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺣﻮﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺭﻙ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺟﺮﻯ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﺆﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﳊﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺟﺮﻯ‬

‫‪133‬‬
‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻟﻶﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ ‪:‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﲏ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻭﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﺣﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺣﺒﻞ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﻡ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ ﻛﺮﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻭﻫﻮﻳﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺇﻫﺘﻢ ﺑﻮﺿﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻫﺘﻢ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻒ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻠﻒ ﺣﺒﻞ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺻﻐﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻘﻞ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﺒﻊ ﲤﺎﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﲣﻠﻒ ﺑﻘﻊ ﺯﺭﻗﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﻠﲔ ﻭﻓﻮﻕ ﺣﺰ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪134‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻻﺣﻈﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻣﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﺒﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺄﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 6‬ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺘﺰﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻞ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺘﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﻪ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺍﻉ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺮ ﻭﺻﻒ ﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﳊﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪135‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﰎ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺀ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬
‫‪1425/8/7‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺀ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻭﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﲝﻲ ﺍﳌﻠﺰ ﲟﻤﺮ ﺃﰊ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺟﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﶈﺎﺫﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﲎ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫‪75‬ﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻘﺪ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﺷﻒ ﻣﻠﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺗﺪﻱ ﺛﻮﺑﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﺑﺄﺭﺟﻠﻬﺎ ﺧﻼﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻭﲟﺤﺎﺫﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻔﻦ ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﲰﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﲤﺰﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻒ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻬﺑﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻌﺜﺮﺓ‬
‫ﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻧﺎﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻨﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ‪.‬‬

‫‪136‬‬
 ‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﳐﺘﺺ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳉﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ‪،‬‬
‫ﰒ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺟﺪﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺻﻒ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﻭﺻﻒ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ‪:‬ﺣﻮﺍﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﻣﺘﻤﺜﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺼﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﺆﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪:‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪137‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻭﺃﻳﺪﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﺼﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ ‪:‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﱴ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﺷﻒ ﻣﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻌﻘﺪ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﻠﻔﻮﻑ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﲟﺤﺎﺫﺍﺓ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻌﻔﻦ ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﲰﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﳏﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻋﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮﺓ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﺷﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺑﻄﺘﻪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻗﻔﺖ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﲟﺤﺎﺫﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻨﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺭﻛﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺟﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﺰﻟﻖ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺪﺛﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲟﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲝﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ‪:‬ﺣﺰ ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﺘﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺄﻳﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‬

‫‪138‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﻨﻖ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﻱ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 6‬ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺘﺰﻡ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﱂ ﳛﺪﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﰎ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺷﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺟﺜﺘﻪ ﺑﺈﺣﺪﻯ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﳌﺴﺠﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻮﺩ ﲝﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪1425/3/14‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺑﺈﺣﺪﻯ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻮﺩ ﲝﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺪﻟﺲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻛﺮﺳﻴﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﻗﻔﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﰱ‪.‬‬

‫‪139‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﻍ ﺃﲪﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﲟﺎﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺳﻴﻔﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(8‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻍ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﺑﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻣﱰﻟﻘﺔ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﲟﺎﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻔﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﳑﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﻞ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻼﻣﺲ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺟﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻓﺎﻧﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻳﺮﺗﺪﻱ ﺛﻮﺑﹰﺎ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﺍ ﹰﻻ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﻃﻮﻳ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺍﺭﺏ ﺳﻮﺩ ﻭﺣﺬﺍﺀ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺮﺳﻲ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺸﺮﻁ ﻭﺟﻮﺍﻝ ﻧﻮﻛﻴﺎ ﻭﻃﺎﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﰎ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﻳﺪﺯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﺎﻧﱯ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺙ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﺑﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻣﱰﻟﻘﺔ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﲜﺴﻢ ﻣﺮﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺒﻮﻁ ﺣﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬
‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻌﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺑﺒﺎﻃﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﺣﺪﺙ ﲜﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺻﻠﺐ ﺫﻱ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻛﻤﺸﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺗﻌﺰﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺒﻮﻁ ﺣﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﳋﻨﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪.‬‬

‫‪140‬‬
 ‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﺻﻒ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺛﺮ ﰲ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺣﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﲣﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻮﺍﺳﻪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ‪:‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ )ﺃﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻍ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺸﻒ‬

‫‪141‬‬
 ‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳋﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ‪:‬ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﻓﻬﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﳌﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪﻩ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ ﲤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﱴ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﺣﺪﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻣﱰﻟﻘﺔ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺑﻄﻪ ﲟﺎﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻔﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ )ﺟﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻍ ﲟﺎﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻔﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﲟﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﻳﺪﺯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻳﺪ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﲟﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺩﺍﻓﻌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﺒﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪142‬‬
‫ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲟﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻗﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﺘ ﹰ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 5‬ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﳎﺎﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﰒ ﺃﻏﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﰒ ﺗﺴﻠﻖ ﺟﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺧﺮﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻠﻮ ﺣﺎﺋﻂ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ‬
‫ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪143‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﰎ ﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺧﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﲝﻲ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺻﺒﺎﺡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫‪1425/3/24‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺟﺮﻯ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ‬
‫‪1425/3/24‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﲝﻲ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﳐﺮﺝ )‪ (10‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﲟﱰﻝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﱰﻝ ﺑﺎﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻛﺮﺳﻲ ﺧﺸﱯ ﺑﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺣﺬﺍﺀ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﲪﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﻘﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺒﻞ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺃﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻌﻨﻖ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﻮﻑ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲝﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺣﺰ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﺗﺪﻱ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺛﻮﺑﹰﺎ ﺃﲪﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻤﻴﺺ ﻧﻮﻡ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺗﺮﺳﺐ ﺩﻣﻮﻱ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻴﺒﺲ ﺭﻣﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻧﺎﺷﺌﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‬

‫‪144‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﻨﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺰ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻧﺎﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﲜﺴﻢ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺭﺍﺽ ﻣﺮﻥ ﻛﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻒ ﺣﻠﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻭﺑﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺛﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻮﺻﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﺮﻗﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺼﻒ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻛﺄﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻹﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪:‬ﺷﺒﺎﻙ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﰲ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺼﻒ ﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ‪،‬‬

‫‪145‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﰱ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﲡﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﲏ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪:‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‬
‫ﻭﻣﱴ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺪﺙ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺗﻪ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﻭﻛﺔ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ؟‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﻬﺑﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺛﺒﺖ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺗﺪﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻛﺨﺮﻭﺝ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻣﻜﻨﺖ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬

‫‪146‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﹰﺎ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 6‬ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺘﻊ ﲟﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻒ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﺯﻣﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺚ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﱂ ﳜﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻯ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬

‫‪147‬‬
 ‫ﻭﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻗﻊ ﲝﻲ ﺛﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﺑﻘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﻓﺘﲔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﺦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﻔﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺟﺪﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻛﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﻣﻠﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻐﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﳑﺴﻜﺔ ﺑﺴﻜﲔ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﻧﺼﻞ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﺟﺮﺡ ﺫﲝﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﻗﻄﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﻨﺠﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺮﺡ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻏﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﺄﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺣﻞ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺮﺡ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻏﺎﺋﺮ ﺑﺄﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺗﻌﺰﻯ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﲝﻴﺔ ﲟﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺰﻳﻒ ﺩﻣﻮﻱ ﻭﺻﺪﻣﺔ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﺒﻼﻍ ﺍﳌﺒﻠﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﺄﻗﻮﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﻦ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺪﻩ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﱐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﰲ‬

‫‪148‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺳﻜﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻮﺍﺳﻪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪:‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺷﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻵﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻜﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﲤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺁﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﳑﺴﻜﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﰲ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬

‫‪149‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺟﺮﻭﺡ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﳍﺎ ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﻗﺘﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﲡﺮﺃ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻭﺫﺑﺢ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺄﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 6‬ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﲤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺎﺭﻩ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬

‫‪150‬‬
 ‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﰎ ﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺛﻘﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺍﳋﻔﺮ ﲟﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻳﻘﻊ ﲝﻲ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺍﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺷﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﱰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﲔ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻘﻔﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺫﻭﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﲝﺒﻞ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﺯﺭﻕ ﻭﲜﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ ‪5×4‬ﻡ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﺑﺪﺍﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻭﻻﺏ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺛﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻻﺏ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﰎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﺵ ﻧﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﳐﺪﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺷﻮﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻠﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻮﺣﻰ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻮﻝ ﻳﺮﺗﺪﻱ ﺯﻳﹰﺎ ﺳﻌﻮﺩﻳﹰﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﴰﺎﻍ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﺎﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺣﻔﺎﻇﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﰎ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﳏﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪151‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻻﺏ ﰎ ﲢﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻔﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﳏﻀﺮﹰﺍ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﲢﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺑﺔ ﲝﺰ ﺣﻴﻮﻱ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﲟﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﳒﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﲟﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻨﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺖ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﲣﺬﺕ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﲤﺖ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﻮﻝ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻮﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻭﲢﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻮﺍﺳﻪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺗﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﱰﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ‬

‫‪152‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻠﻖ ﻬﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﰒ ﺭﻛﻠﻪ ﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﲢﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺮﻯ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺑﻠﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪:‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ؟ ﻭﻣﱴ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﻭﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﺣﺪﺙ؟ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺽ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺟﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ؟‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﲝﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﻭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺤﺺ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﻴﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﺪ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺽ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺷﻨﻘﹶﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻑ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺃﺩﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺄﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‬

‫‪153‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﺑﺔ ﲝﺰ ﺣﻴﻮﻱ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﲟﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﳒﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻳﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ﲟﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻨﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﺖ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 6‬ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﲣﺬﺕ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺘﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲤﺘﻌﻪ‬
‫ﲟﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﻠﺤﻖ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺒﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﱂ ﳛﺪﺙ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﰎ ﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪154‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﲝﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻌﺔ ﳑﺮ ﺣﺠﺎﺝ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻃﺄﺓ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪.(56‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﺑﻪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﱐ ﺍﳌﱰﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻪ ‪4×2.5‬ﻡ ﻭﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺒﲔ‬
‫ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﺮﺍﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﳑﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﺗﺪﻱ ﺍﻻﺣﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺃﺳﻼﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﳌﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﺣﺰ ﻏﲑ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺼﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﻭﺡ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺟﺴﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺷﺎﺭﻙ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﺗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺴﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﱰﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻯ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻥ ﻭﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﺮﺍﻙ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﰎ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻼﺑﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻗﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ‬

‫‪155‬‬
 ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻮﺍﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﻓﺤﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﳚﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﱪﺓ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪:‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺰﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻨﻒ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺟﺮﻭﺡ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺼﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﻼﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻷﳌﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺰ ﻏﲑ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺩﻭﻥ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻴﺐ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲡﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬

‫‪156‬‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﺮﺍﻙ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﺮﻭﺡ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻒ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺰ ﻏﲑ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﻩ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺩ ﻹﲤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺻﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﱂ ﻳﺒﲔ ﻫﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﺰﻥ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ؟ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ؟ ﻭﻫﻞ ﰎ ﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻀﺎﻫﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 5‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻣﻜﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 6‬ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ‬

‫‪157‬‬
‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﱂ ﳛﺪﺩ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺒﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺩ ﻻﲤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻫﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﺰﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻐﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻻ؟ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ ﰎ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻭﻣﻀﺎﻫﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺍﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﰎ ﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﳏﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻔﻴﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ‪ 15/7/1423‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﲤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺠﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ 16/7/1423‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻳﻘﻊ ﲟﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 5‬ﻛﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﳏﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻮﻯ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻔﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺟﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺣﺒﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‬

‫‪158‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺰﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﱰﻟﻘﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺣﻮﻝ‪ 50‬ﺳﻢ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﲣﺺ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﲟﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﺮﺍﻙ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺣﺰ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻣﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻳﺮﺗﺪﻱ ﺛﻮﺑﹰﺎ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﺍ ﹰﻻ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ‬
‫ﲟﻼﺑﺴﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﲤﺰﻗﺎﺕ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻋﺮﺍﻙ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﻯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﺮﺍﻙ ﺃﻭ ﳓﻮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻱ ﻣﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺷﺎﺭﻙ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻀﺎﻫﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺤﺺ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺮﻯ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ‬

‫‪159‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﺮﻯ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺥ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺗﺮﺍ ٍ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﱂ ﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻼ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﰎ ﺍﻻﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪1423/7/15‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﳚﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺠﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫‪1423/7/16‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻮﺭ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﲟﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻮﺍﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﰲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪:‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﺆﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻪ ﻫﻲ ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﳏﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺼﻮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﲔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )‪5‬ﻛﻢ( ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ )ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺧﺰﺍﻥ ﻭﺣﺒﻞ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺿﺢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻣﺘﺄﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺻﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﺷﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪160‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻣﺘﺄﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﺷﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﲨﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ƒ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﲏ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ y‬ﻭﻣﱴ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‬ ‫‪ y‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‬
‫‪ y‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ؟‬ ‫‪ y‬ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‬
‫‪ y‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﻭﻛﺔ؟‬ ‫‪ y‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ؟‬
‫‪ y‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ؟‬ ‫‪ y‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ؟‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﳌﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺑﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺧﱪﺓ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺸﻔﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺟﺎﺀ ﳏﻀﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺷﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ‪:‬ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ‬

‫‪161‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﻖ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺰ ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﺰ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﺎﺋ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﺧﺪﻭﺵ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻠﺨﺎﺕ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﺍﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﰎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﳊﺒﻞ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻞ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻟﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻬﺎ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﱰﻟﻘﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻘﺲ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ‬
‫ﻬﺑﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﺎﳊﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺷﻨﻘﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ‪) :‬ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪،‬‬
‫‪1399‬ﻫـ ‪(311-306:‬‬

‫‪162‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻑ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻔﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻭﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺰﺍﻥ ﰲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﺎﳊﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪:‬ﺍﺣﺘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺤﻮﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﺋﺬ‬
‫ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺗﺮﺳﺐ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﻗﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺪ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﻭﺃﳘﻬﺎ ‪:‬ﺣﺰ ﺟﻠﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻏﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺎﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻘﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺪﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻋﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﲰﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻜﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﺒﺎﻍ‬

‫‪163‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺄﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﺍﻹﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺪ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﲟﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻮ ﰎ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻷﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪:‬‬

‫‪164‬‬
 ‫ﺃ – ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﰎ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ ‪1423/3/23‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺴﺎﺀ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻟﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪ ‬ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺟﺮﺕ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻹﺳﻌﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳍﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ ﲤﺰﻳﻖ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻐﺮﺽ ﺇﺳﻌﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﰲ ﻓﻴﻼ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﲝﻲ ﺍﳌﻠﻴﺤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻼ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫‪4×5‬ﻡ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺑﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﻋﻴﺎﺭ )‪12‬ﻣﻠﻢ( ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﳕﺶ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﱂ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺷﺎﺭﻙ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻧﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺇﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺈﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪165‬‬
 ‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻯ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺼﻒ‬
‫ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺼﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﺗﻔﺘﻘﺪ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲞﺼﻮﺹ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻮﺍﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺱ ﻭﻣﻀﺎﻫﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺒﲔ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺒﲔ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻭﻫﻞ ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪:‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫‪166‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﺿﺢ ﻭﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﺪﻯ ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ ‪:‬ﺍﺗﻀﺤﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ؟ ﻭﻣﱴ ﺣﺪﺙ؟ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺮﻭﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﺧﻔﻖ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ؟‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲨﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ‪:‬ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ƒ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪167‬‬
 ‫ƒ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺶ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻍ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪1411 ،‬ﻫـ‪-253 :‬‬
‫‪.(254‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﲑ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﻈﺎﻳﺎ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﻭﺩﻡ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪ 1411،‬ﻫـ‪.(253 :‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻭﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ )ﺹ‪ ،(102‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ‪).‬ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪1954 ،‬ﻡ‪.(75 :‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﺿﺢ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﻗﺪ ﺧﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪،‬‬

‫‪168‬‬
 ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ – 5‬ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻗﻮﺍﻋـﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺘﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻛﺘﻨﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺼﻒ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺃﻡ ﻻ؟ ﻭﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺼﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺧﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺱ ﻭﻣﻀﺎﻫﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﱂ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺷﻈﺎﻳﺎ ﻧﺴﻴﺞ ﻭﺩﻡ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﺛﺮ ﻛﺒﲑ‬
‫ﰲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪:‬‬

‫‪169‬‬
 ‫ﺃ – ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﰎ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺷﺨﺺ ﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 6.15‬ﻣﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫‪1423/1/19‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (386‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺃﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﻣﺎﺭﺷﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲤﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﺣﻮﳍﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻃﺸﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (386‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (47‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺧﻠﻔﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺑﺮﻓﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﺪﺭ‬
‫ﲝﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ‪(B).‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﺸﺮﻁ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﻓﻌﻪ ﻭﺻﺪﺭ‬
‫ﲝﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻵﺩﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫‪(B).‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲤﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﺳﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ ﺿﻤﺎﺩ ﻃﱯ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺟﺴﻤﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﶈﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﲟﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ‪:‬‬

‫‪170‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﲤﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﻜﻞ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺤﺺ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﻮﺭ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﺣﻮﺍﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﰲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪:‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ ‪:‬ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻣﺘﺄﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺻﻔﹰﺎ ﺷﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫‪171‬‬
 ‫ﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺳﻬﻤﺖ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﳌﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ )ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻁ( ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫)ﻓﺤﺺ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ – ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻁ(‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﲜﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺤﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﱪﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ (102‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﻳﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻣﻜﻨﺖ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﲟﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻁ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬

‫‪172‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃ – ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﰎ ﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﻟﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺷﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻮﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺀ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬
‫‪1423/9/15‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰎ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻴﺴﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻓﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ"ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ" ﻭﺍﺩﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻊ ﲝﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺳﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪173‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (4‬ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﴰﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﻇﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻘﻖ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻏﺮﻑ ﻭﺻﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻄﺒﺦ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﺗﲔ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ‪2×3.5‬ﻡ ﻭﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺧﺸﱯ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺄﺭﺿﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﻏﺎﺯ ﰎ ﺇﻗﻔﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺒﲔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﳉﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﱄ ﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﻛﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺳﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺵ ﻭﺣﻮﳍﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ )‪ (3‬ﺟﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺘﻜﺴﺮ ﻭﻣﺘﻨﺎﺛﺮ ﻟﻠﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻄﺒﺦ ﻛﺄﺛﺮ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻗﻌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳋﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻮ‪ /‬ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻗﺎﻡ ﲟﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺸﺒﻊ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﺇﻳﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮﺭ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﻥ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻼﺗﻪ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻩ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻴﻠﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪174‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺷﻲﺀ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺤﺺ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﻊ ﲝﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺳﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (4‬ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﴰﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﻇﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺴﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻘﻖ‬
‫ﺳﻜﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺷﻘﺔ ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻏﺮﻑ ﻭﺻﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﺦ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﰐ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻗﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ ‪3.5×2‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺧﺸﱯ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺗﻜﺴﺮ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺛﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺟﺮﻯ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺄﺭﺿﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﻏﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﳉﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﱄ ﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺵ ﻭﺣﻮﳍﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮﺣﻆ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺨﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ )‪ (3‬ﺟﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻏﻔﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ ﲤﺎﻣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻛﺘﻔﻰ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺮﺩﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ )ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﻮﺕ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﱂ ﺗﺘﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻍ ﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﲬﺲ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺀ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪1423/9/15‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﻻ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺀ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﺴﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺣﻔﺎﻇﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﻏﻢ‬

‫‪175‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺟﺮﻯ ﲢﻔﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺳﻪ ﻛﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﰲ ﲢﺠﻴﻢ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳉﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺼﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻊ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ؟ ﻭﻣﱴ ﺣﺪﺙ؟ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺮﻭﻛﺔ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ؟ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱂ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻵﰐ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲜﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ؟‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ )ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﻮﺕ( ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﻘﻞ‬

‫‪176‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺟﻬﺰﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻧﺒﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺸﺒﻊ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﰎ ﺇﻳﺼﺎﳍﺎ ﲟﺼﺪﺭ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺣﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺩﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻫﻮ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺃﺩﺕ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺍﻹﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻸﺣﺪﺍﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺣﻴﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺘﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ‬
‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﻠﺖ ﳑﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﺩﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪) :‬ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﻮﺕ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻏﻔﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ ﲤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﻔﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﰎ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻏﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﺴﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺿﻴﺎﻉ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪177‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ – ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺘﻮﰱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﲝﻮﺍﱄ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﲡﻤﻊ ﺳﻜﺎﱐ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ )‪300‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺮﺍﻙ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺬﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺪﺱ ﻋﻴﺎﺭ )‪ ،(6.35‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻇﺮﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﻏﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻳﺒﻌﺪ )‪ (3‬ﺃﻣﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﺴﺪﺱ ﻣﻘﺎﺱ ﺭﺑﻊ ﲜﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻏﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ ﻣﻠﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﺮﺡ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺸﻪ ﻋﺜﺮ ﰲ ﺟﻴﻮﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻠﻘﺘﲔ ﻧﺎﺭﻳﺘﲔ ﻭﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺛﻼﺛﲔ ﺭﻳﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻫﻮﻳﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﲔ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻋﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ‪25‬ﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲡﺎﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺱ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺃﻓﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ‪.‬‬

‫‪178‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻷﻇﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﺮﺓ ﺿﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺬﺍﻑ ﻭﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺒﻮﻁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺤﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺩﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑـ‬
‫)‪ (2 ،1‬ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻒ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺐ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻃﻴﻬﺎ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻭﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻋﺮﺿﹰﺎ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺛﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﲜﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﺳﻼﺣﻪ ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺏ ﰲ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺱ ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻘﺘﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺟﺎ ٍﻥ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﱏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻃﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺪﺱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‪،‬‬

‫‪179‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﻫﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ‪25‬ﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻳﺪ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻛﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﺪﺍﻭﺓ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺳﺨﺺ ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺷﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺏ ﺑﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧﻄﻠﻘﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﺠﺄﺓ ﻭﺃﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻄﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﻛﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻂ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺎﻍ ﻟﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﱰﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺱ ﻋﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺑﻂ ﴰﺎﻏﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻓﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ ﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻘﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻃﻠﻖ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻋﲑﺓ ﻧﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﺣﱴ ﻧﻔﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺨﺰﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺑﲏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻇﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﺱ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﺭﺕ ﻗﻮﺍﻩ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﱰﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 3‬ﺍﻹﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺍﻭﺓ‬

‫‪180‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺛﺒﺖ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ‪ -‬ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺍﺀﺕ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃ – ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﺸﺘﺒﻪ ﻬﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭ ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﻣﻠﻘﻰ ﰲ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺷﻘﺘﻪ ﻛﺠﺜﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰎ ﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻬﺑﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺯﻣﻼﺋﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﻐﺮﺽ ﺇﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻗﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺗﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻧﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰎ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺮﺍﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﲟﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﲜﺜﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ )ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺪﺭ(‪.‬‬

‫‪181‬‬
 ‫ﺏ – ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﺗﻀﺤﺖ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﲟﻼﺑﺴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻐﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺳﻼﺡ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺟﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﺪﺍﻭﺓ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﻀﺤﺖ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻞ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﻼﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺁﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺻﹰﺎ ﺳﺎﺋﻐﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻓﺎﺩﺕ ﺑﺼﺤﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻠﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﲰﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻳﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﺪﺍﺋﻪ ﺣﺬﺍﺀﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺰﻟﻘﺖ ﺭﺟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻄﺎﻡ ﺭﺃﺳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻰ ﰲ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻁ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺮ ﻳﺆﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﻮﻁ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻳﲔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻄﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻳﲔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ‬

‫‪182‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 2‬ﺍﻹﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻛﺘﻨﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻌﺬﺭ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻴﺐ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺇﻧﻪ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺴﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻳﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﱂ ﻳﻔﻌﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪183‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻨﻨﺔ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﳍﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺣﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ )‪ (5‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺣﱴ‬
‫)‪ (15‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﻭﺣﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﻮﺍﻬﺑﻢ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ )‪ (6‬ﺃﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﻥ ﲟﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﻮﺛﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻨﻨﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﲨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺖ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻣﺮﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲜﻮﺍﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻭﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﳑﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬

‫‪184‬‬
 ‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻴﺒﺲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺖ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﺠﺜﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻔﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺖ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺖ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﻮﺛﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﲟﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺖ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲜﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪185‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﻭﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻋﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﺩﻭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺖ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﻫﻞ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻃﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 8‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺖ ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺁﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻫﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻎ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﺁﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻭﺷﻜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺄﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﲟﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻮﻡ ﻭﻋﻘﺎﻗﲑ ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻟﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺟﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﻛﺄﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﻋﺔ‬

‫‪186‬‬
 ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻬﺑﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﳑﻴﺘﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺤﺺ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺧﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻬﺑﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﲰﻮﻡ ﳑﻴﺘﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 9‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺟﺮﻣﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺈﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﶈﺪﺛﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻬﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺠﻲ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺣﺬﺍﺀ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺩﻭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 10‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﻣﺢ‪.‬‬

‫‪187‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺏ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﺷﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﳋﻠﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻛﺎﳉﻨﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳌﺰﻣﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻟﻜﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻸﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺫﻥ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 11‬ﻭﺣﻮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻔﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﲤﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻨﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﲢﺘﻔﻆ ﲟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻔﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻔﻨﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻔﻦ ﻳﻐﲑ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 12‬ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﰎ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻦ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪188‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﻬﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻺﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲢﻠﻴـﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀـﺎﻳﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ‪) :‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟـﺬﻱ‬
‫ﳏﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺎﻓـﺔ ﺍﻷﺳـﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﺎﺻـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻮ ﲤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻻﻫﺘﺪﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻜﻨﻪ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺳﺒﻎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﺳﺒﺎﻍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻢ ﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﻮﻝ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﲢﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎ ﻭﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﳏﻀﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺃﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳـﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺄﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺒﲑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺃﻥ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻭﻛـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼـﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﰲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻫﻮ‪) :‬ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺟﺮﳝـﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‬

‫‪189‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﺜﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﲔ ﻭﻗﻮ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻮﻱ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺗﻔﻴـﺪ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﺃﻥ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠـﺔ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ :‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻇـﺎﻓﺮ‪ ،‬ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 8‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻮ‪" :‬ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﳏﺎﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺗﺪﻣﲑ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺩﻭﳕﺎ ﲢﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻀﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 9‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺗﺘﻠﺨﺺ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲜﺎﻧﺐ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﺰﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﳋﺸﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 10‬ﲢﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺪﻩ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗـﺪ ﻓﺼـﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﻴﺰﻭﺍ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺮ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭﻩ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ ﺷﺮﻋﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺆﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕـﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺰﻉ ﻭﺍﳍﻠﻊ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻓﻖ ﺑـﲔ ﺍﳊﺴـﻦ‬

‫‪190‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺗﺒﺖ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸـﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﳉﺰﻉ ﻛﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺁﻻﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﺷﻔﺎﺅﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺤﺮﹰﺍ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻹﻏﺮﺍﻕ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﻹﻳـﺪﺯ ﻟﻜﺜـﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻻ ﳏﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻦ ﳝﺖ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺇﻏﺮﺍﻗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﻜـﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﶈﺮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﺧﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚـﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻀـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮﺓ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪ ﲡﻬﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻭﺗﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺗ ﹰ‬
‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ‪" :‬ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﺇﺗﻼﻑ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺘـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻫﻼﻛﻬـﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺿﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻋﻮﺿﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺫﻟـﻚ"‪) .‬ﺍﻟﻘـﺮﻃﱯ‪،‬‬
‫ﺝ‪.(267 :8‬‬
‫‪ - 11‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣـﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪191‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻬﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﺘﻬﺎﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﻫﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﱐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺯ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺗﻀﻴﻊ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﳌـﺪ ﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺣﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﲢﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺎﺑﺮﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺳﱪ ﻏﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻳﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﺒﺬﻭﻟﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻛﺘﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺗﻨﻜﺸﻒ ﺧﻄﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﻴﻊ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﲤﺲ ﲰﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﺪﺓ ﺣﱴ ﻻ ﺗﻀﻴﻊ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﳜﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳊـﻖ ﺧﻄـﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﰒ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﰲ ﺳﱪ ﻏﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺜـﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﺣـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﻭﺗﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺎﻬﺑﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻬﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﻓﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣـﺔ ﻹﻛﺴـﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻹﺗﻘﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪192‬‬
 ‫ﺏ – ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣـﻞ ﻣـﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﲨﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧـﻪ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﺷﻬﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﺷﻬﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ƒ ﻭﻣﱴ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‬ ‫ƒ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‬
‫ƒ ﻭﳌﺎﺫﺍ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‬ ‫ƒ ﻭﻛﻴﻒ ﺣﺪﺙ؟‬
‫ƒ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ؟‬ ‫ƒ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻲ؟‬
‫ƒ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﻠﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ؟‬ ‫ƒ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﻭﻛﺔ؟‬
‫ƒ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ؟‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ ﻣﺴـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﻭﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺈﳌـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﻬﺑـﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ – ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﲡـﺎﻭﻬﺑﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺎﻧﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 12‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻏﻤـﻮﺽ ﺣـﻮﺍﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻴﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻋﺪﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﲤﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺳﺒﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪193‬‬
‫‪ - 13‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣـﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﺴﺐ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ – ﺗﻮﻃﻴﺪ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﲟﺤﻴﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ – ﺍﳌﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ –‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ – ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﻠﻜـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺘﻔﻜﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻼﱐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺗﺮﺗﺴﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻫﻨﻪ ﺃﻭﻫﺎﻡ ﻭﺧﻴﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻀﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺔ ﲣﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 14‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤـﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻃﺆ ﰲ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺻـﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺘﻴﺖ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻤﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﳘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﳊﻴﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺚ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﲡﺎﻫﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻴﺄﺱ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺎﺑﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺠـﻞ‬
‫ﰲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 15‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﲢﻠﻴـﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀـﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻣﺮﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲜﻮﺍﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﻬﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻭﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﳑﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜـﻮﻥ ﳏـﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺻﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪194‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺗﻴﺒﺲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﺠﺜﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲟﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺻـﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ƒ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲜﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳉﺴﻢ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﻭﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻋﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻟﻀـﻐﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺃﺩﻭﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪195‬‬
‫ƒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ )ﺁﻟﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ( ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻫﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﺪﻣـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﻏﻠـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﻭﺍﻟـﺒﻄﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫)ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ(‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﺻـﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻭﺷﻜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺳـﻘﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻇﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻳـﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻼﺑـﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﻫﻲ )ﺍﻟﺴﻢ( ﳝﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﲟﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻮﻡ ﻭﻋﻘﺎﻗﲑ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻜﻴﻔﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺟﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﻫﻲ )ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ( ﳝﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﳑﻴﺘﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷـﻜﻞ ﺳـﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺧﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻼﺑﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﻨـﻒ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﺒﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ﺣـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺰ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﻫﻲ )ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ( ﳝﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﲰـﻮﻡ‬
‫ﳑﻴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺟﺮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﳝﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻬـﺎ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻬـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺪﺛﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻓـﺎﺓ‪،‬‬

‫‪196‬‬
 ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻬﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻔﻨﺔ ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ƒ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﺠﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴـﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﺷـﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ƒ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 16‬ﺃﻥ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻼﻣﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻭﺷﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺪﺏ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻴـﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻟﻜﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻸﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼـﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸـﻔﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪197‬‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻـﻴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺳﻔﺮﺕ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 1‬ﻋﻘﺪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ‪‬ـﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻛﺴـﺎﻬﺑﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻏـﲑﻩ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﺇﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺑﺴـﻼﻣﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻛﺴﺎﻬﺑﻢ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 2‬ﻋﻘﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﻻﻻﺕ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺃﻳﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﱪﺍﺕ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻌﺎﺙ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ ﳌﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﻬـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮﻥ ﻬﺑﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳊـﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣـﺪﻯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻄـﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺛﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﻋﻮﳌﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺸـﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪198‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺮﺟـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻـﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﲢﺖ ﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﻨﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﷲ ﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪،،،‬‬

‫‪199‬‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫‪200‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟــﻊ‬

‫‪ - 1‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﲔ )‪1998‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - 2‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ )‪1409‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺣﻴﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪1424‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﺁﺭﻥ ﺳﻨﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻭﺗﻮ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻝ )‪1971‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﻱ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ )‪1414‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﰲ ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻉ )‪1414 ،(7‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﺑﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻫﺎﺏ ﳏﻤﺪ )‪1399‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﰲ‬
‫ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪.2‬‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ )‪1419‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ‪ ،‬ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 8‬ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ )‪1414‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻠﻚ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻉ )‪ ،(7‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ )‪1414 ،(5‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 9‬ﺍﳉﺒﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﲔ ﺧﻠﻒ )‪1408‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻟﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻃـ‪.1‬‬

‫‪201‬‬
‫‪ - 10‬ﺟﻮﺑﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺍﻡ )‪ .(1967‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳍﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺮ‬
‫ﲟﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ‪1967 ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﲨﺔ‪ :‬ﺷﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻔﻴﻆ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮ ﲟﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻉ )‪.(39‬‬
‫‪ - 11‬ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺟﻲ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮ ﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 12‬ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‪ ،‬ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺻﺒﺤﻲ )‪1402‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺪﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻉ )‪ ،(54‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ )‪،(14‬‬
‫‪1402‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 13‬ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﻮﱐ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 14‬ﺣﺘﺎﺗﺔ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ )‪1984‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 15‬ﺣﺰﺍﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﻼﻝ ﺃﲪﺪ )‪1408‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻟﻘﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﲜﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪ 14-6‬ﺭﺟﺐ ‪1408‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 16‬ﲪﺸﻮ‪ ،‬ﳒﺎﺡ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ )‪1982‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻜﺒﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ :‬ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 17‬ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﳛﺔ ﻓﺆﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺭﻭﻧﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 18‬ﺧﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺳﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﳏﻤﺪ )‪1985‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﱵ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪202‬‬
‫‪ - 19‬ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ )‪1984‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻴﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 20‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ )‪1955‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 21‬ﺩﺭﻭﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻼ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻠﻰ )‪1972‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﳒﻠﻮ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 22‬ﺭﺍﺳﺦ‪ ،‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ‪01991‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﰊ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻁ‪.1‬‬
‫‪ - 23‬ﺍﻟﺮﺩﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ )‪1416‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪.1‬‬
‫‪ - 24‬ﺳﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎﻝ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻄﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻭﻓﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻁ‪.2‬‬
‫‪ - 25‬ﺳﺮﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ )‪1986‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 26‬ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺣﺎﺯﻡ )‪1967‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺮﺅﺳﺎﺀ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻘﺪ ﰲ ﺭﻳﻮ ﺩﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﲑﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﺓ )‪ ،(34‬ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻪ‬
‫‪1965‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻉ )‪ ،(37‬ﺇﺑﺮﻳﻞ‪1967 ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 27‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻃﱯ‪ ،‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﺨﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻧﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪203‬‬
‫‪ - 28‬ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﳛﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﲪﺪ )‪1421‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 29‬ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﳛﻲ )‪1954‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺃﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 30‬ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﳛﻲ )‪1959‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣـ‪.1‬‬
‫‪ - 31‬ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 32‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ )‪1991‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ )ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 33‬ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ )‪1997‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 34‬ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺭ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻁ‪.2‬‬
‫‪ - 35‬ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲪﻮ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﺆﺍﺩ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 36‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺯﻳﺔ )‪1986‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 37‬ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﲰﲑ )‪1989‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪.1‬‬

‫‪204‬‬
‫‪ - 38‬ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﳏﺴﻦ )‪1418‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﳐﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 39‬ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ )‪1420‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺸﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪.3‬‬
‫‪ - 40‬ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺼﻴﲏ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﲔ ﺣﺴﻦ )‪1417‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ "ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪.8‬‬
‫‪ - 41‬ﻋﺰﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻠﻀﺒﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 42‬ﻋﺰﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻟﻠﻀﺒﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 43‬ﻋﺰﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 44‬ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﱐ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺷﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻘﻼﱐ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻓﻌﻲ )‪1348‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣـ‪.3‬‬
‫‪ - 45‬ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﻴﺪ )‪1407‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪205‬‬
‫‪ - 46‬ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺪ )‪1421‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻉ )‪ ،(30‬ﺭﺟﺐ‪،‬‬
‫‪1421‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 47‬ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ )‪1410‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 48‬ﻋﻜﺎﺷﺔ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺭ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻁ‪.2‬‬
‫‪ - 49‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ )‪1997‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 50‬ﻋﻨﺐ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ )‪1988‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 51‬ﻋﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 52‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﻦ )‪1972‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻉ )‪1972 ،(55‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 53‬ﺍﻟﻔﲑﻭﺯ ﺃﺑﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﳎﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ )‪1407‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 54‬ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ )‪1909‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﳌﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﲑ ﰲ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﻓﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣـ‪.2‬‬
‫‪ - 55‬ﺍﻟﻘﺤﻄﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ )‪1422‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺳﻬﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪،‬‬

‫‪206‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 56‬ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﱯ )‪1387‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪ ،3‬ﻣﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 57‬ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ )‪1420‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 58‬ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ )‪2002‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻭﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﲝﺚ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﲟﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻠﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫)‪2002 ،(43‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 59‬ﻛﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺍﻑ )‪1999‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 60‬ﻟﻮﻛﻠﲑ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺭﺳﻴﻞ )‪1983‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻴﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﲨﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﳍﺎﺷﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺳﻮﻋﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 61‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ )‪1991‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪.1‬‬
‫‪ - 62‬ﻣﺮﺷﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻮﻕ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 63‬ﺍﳌﺮﺻﻔﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﺎﺩﻕ )ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ .‬ﺍﶈﻘﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 64‬ﺍﳌﺰﻳﲏ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ )‪1417‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪207‬‬
‫‪ - 65‬ﻣﺸﺒﺐ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻳﺾ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﱎ )‪1409‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 66‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ‬
‫‪1417/12/21‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 67‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺬﱄ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﶈﺴﻦ )‪1421‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﻴﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪.1‬‬
‫‪ - 68‬ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻴﺼﻞ )‪1409‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 69‬ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ﺯﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ )‪1968‬ﻡ(‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻫﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺣـ‪ ،3‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﰊ ﺍﳊﻠﱯ ﲟﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪.3‬‬
‫‪ - 70‬ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺻﺎﱀ )‪1406‬ﻫـ(‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪208‬‬
 ‫א‬

‫‪209‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻻﺳـــــﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﺟـﻬـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 3‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﺷﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ؟‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ – ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻫـﻞ – ﻓﺤـﺺ ﻣﺴـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ – ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺪﺛﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ – ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﰐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓـﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟـﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﻭﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺛﺮ؟‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺑﺎﳉﺴﻢ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺪﺛﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﲜﺎﻧﺒﻪ )ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻻ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ(‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬

‫‪1‬‬
 ‫‪ - 8‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻃﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 9‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻫﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﺮﻭﺡ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺁﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﺡ ﻭﺷﻜﻠﻪ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ ﻭﺟﺮﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺛﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -10‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺟﺮﻣـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺈﻟﻘـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ‬

‫‪ -11‬ﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ؟‬

‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬

‫‪ -12‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻔﻨﺔ؟‬

‫ﻣﻼﺑﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻏﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺫﺑﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺸﺮﺍﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻻﺳـــــﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﺟـﻬـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﺷﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ؟‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﰐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓـﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟـﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺛﺮ؟‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﻪ )ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ( ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ(‬

‫‪3‬‬
 ‫‪ - 8‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻭﻙ ﲤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻘﻖ‬
‫‪ - 9‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺁﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺤﺮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -10‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺟﺮﻣـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺈﻟﻘـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻣﻞ ﻭﺣﺬﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -11‬ﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ؟‬

‫ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺑﻊ – ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ – ﺍﳊﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‬

‫‪ -12‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻔﻨﺔ؟‬

‫ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻄﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻔﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻻﺳـــــﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﺟـﻬـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﺷﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ؟‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﰐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓـﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟـﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺛﺮ؟‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻭﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺤﺮ ﻛﺎﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫‪ - 8‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬
‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ - 9‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻔﺤﺺ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺁﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺤﺮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -10‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺟﺮﻣـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺈﻟﻘـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺣﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺩﻭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻣﻞ‬

‫‪ -11‬ﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ؟‬

‫ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ – ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ – ﺍﳊﻤﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ‬

‫‪ -12‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻔﻨﺔ؟‬

‫ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻔﻦ ﻳﻐﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬

‫‪6‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬

‫ﺃﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻃﺐ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻻﺳـــــﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﺟـﻬـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 15‬ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪ - 3‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﺷﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ؟‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗـﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﻠـﻪ – ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﲜﻮﺍﺭﻩ – ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﲝﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫– ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﳑﻴﺖ ﻭﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﰐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﺪﺳﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺳـﻜﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ‬‫‪ ‬ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓـﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟـﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺗﻜـﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻫـﻮ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩﺓ ﺑـﺎﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺛﺮ؟‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪(5‬‬

‫‪ - 8‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬

‫‪7‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻷﻫﻞ ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﺮﺩ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫‪ - 9‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺤـﺺ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺁﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺤـﺺ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻭﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﲰﻮﻡ ﻭﻋﻘﺎﻗﲑ ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻟﺪﻯ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﳑﻴﺘﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ ﻭﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻏﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﲰﻮﻡ ﳑﻴﺘـﺔ ﻭﻛـﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‬
‫‪ -10‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺟﺮﻣـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺈﻟﻘـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﶈﺪﺛﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪ -11‬ﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ؟‬
‫ﺃﺧﺬ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ – ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ – ﻭﺑﺼﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ – ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ – ﻭﺃﺧﲑﹰﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -12‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻔﻨﺔ؟‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﳉﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗـﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﻮﺻـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﺕ – ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻻﺳـــــﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﺟـﻬـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 3‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ‪ 5 :‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪ - 4‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﺷﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ؟‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ‪ :‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ )ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻋﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻃﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺧﻠﻮ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﰐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓـﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ )ﻃﻠﻖ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ – ﺟﺮﺡ ﺫﲝـﻲ – ﺣـﺰ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻖ( ‪...‬ﺍﱁ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟـﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ )ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺩﺓ – ﺗﻴﺒﺲ – ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺏ‬
‫– ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻔﻦ( ‪...‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻘﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ )ﺳﻜﲔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺒﻞ ﻭﻛـﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺿـﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ(‪....‬ﺍﱁ‬
‫ﻼ ‪ ...‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟ ﻓﻀـ ﹰ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺛﺮ؟‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻋﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺿﻐﻂ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻛﺘﺌﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺌﺎﺏ ﲜﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﻗﺪﳝﺔ – )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ(‬
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺇﺻﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﻗﺪﳝﺔ )ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﻗﺪﳝﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﻭﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ )ﺫﺑﺢ – ﻃﻠﻖ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ ‪..... -‬ﺍﱁ(‬

‫‪9‬‬
 ‫‪ - 8‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﻼﺀﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺜﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺳﻜﲔ ﺛﻘﻴﻞ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻣﺮﺍﺓ ﻫﺰﻳﻠﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ‪....‬ﺍﱁ ﻭﻋﻤﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ - 9‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ – ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻳﺪ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ – ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺁﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ – ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﻼﺻﻘﺔ‪ -‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ – ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ )ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﻡ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻗـﻮﺍﻝ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻮﰲ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺧﻠﻮ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﻡ ﻭﺧﻠﻮ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -10‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺟﺮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺈﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺳـﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ )ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ( ﻭﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻏـﲑ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳـﺔ‬
‫)ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ( ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻬﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺃﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺠﻲ‬
‫‪ -11‬ﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ – ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ – ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ – ﺍﻟﻮﺷﻢ – ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﰲ‬
‫– ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ – ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ – ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ )‪ (DNA‬ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -12‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻔﻨﺔ؟‬
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﲢﺘﻔﻆ ﲟﻌﺎﳌﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻔﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﲤﻴﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻔﻦ ﻭﻇﻬـﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻳـﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺗﺂﻛـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ ﻭﺧﻼﻓﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﺐ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺍﻻﺳـــــﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‬ ‫‪ - 2‬ﺟـﻬـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ - 3‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 4‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺎﺷﺮ‪‬ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ؟‬
‫‪ – 1‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﻌﺜﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 2‬ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﰲ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑـﺪﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺁﺓ‬
‫‪ – 4‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪ – 3‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫‪ – 6‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪ – 5‬ﺗﻴﺒﺲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫‪ – 7‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺏ‬
‫‪ - 6‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﰐ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻓـﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻛﺈﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺍﻟـﻮﻓﺎﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺒﺲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺜﻞ ﺣﺒﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻜﲔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﺣﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﳉﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻳﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫‪ - 7‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟ ﻓﻀـ ﹰ‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺛﺮ؟‬
‫‪ – 1‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻔﺸﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ – 2‬ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫‪ – 4‬ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪ – 3‬ﺧﻄﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ – 6‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳉﺮﻭﺡ‬ ‫‪ – 5‬ﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻺﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺘﺔ‬

‫‪11‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ؟‬ ‫‪-8‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﻬﺑﺎ ‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ – ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-9‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﻭﺡ ﺗﺮﺩﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺁﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻄﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺮﺡ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ ﲟﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻼﺻﻖ‪ ،‬ﺇﺻـﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺳﻼﺡ ﻧﺎﺭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﺢ ﲟﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻃﻌﻢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﳑﻴﺰ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﻠﻄﻬﺎ ﲟﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻭﺧﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻨﻒ ﺟﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﻢ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻏﺮﺍﻕ ﻋﺪﺍ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺧﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺣﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺟﺮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺈﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪-10‬‬
‫ﺍﺠﻤﻟﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺜﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺓ ﻭﺑﻌـﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﲤﺎﺷـﻲ ﺗﻮﺯﻳـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺙ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻰ ﻬﺑﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ؟‬ ‫‪-11‬‬
‫‪ – 1‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ‪ – 2‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ "ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺢ" ‪ – 3‬ﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ‪ – 4‬ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ – 7‬ﻧﺪﺏ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ – 6‬ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‬ ‫‪ – 5‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻕ‬
‫‪ – 9‬ﻋﻴﻮﺏ ﺧﻠﻘﻴﺔ ‪ – 10‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻛﺎﳉﻨﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪ - 8‬ﺍﻟﻮﺷﻢ‬
‫‪ – 11‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳌﺰﻣﻨﺔ ‪ -12‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻟﻜﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ‬
‫‪ – 13‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻭﺍﳉﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﻧﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪ – 14‬ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫‪ – 15‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ – 16‬ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻸﺻﺎﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺫﻥ ﻭﺳﻘﻒ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﻬـﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺼـﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﺛﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ – 18‬ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫‪ – 17‬ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺜﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻔﻨﺔ؟‬ ‫‪-12‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ – ﻓﺤﺺ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﻴﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺮﺡ ﺍﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﺎ – ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﶈﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬

‫‪12‬‬