Chapter 5 Geometric Designs

St.
Paul University Iloilo

COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCES AND EDUCATION
General Luna Street, Iloilo City
CHAPTER 5
PRAYER BEFORE ONLINE CLASS
Dear Lord and Father of all, thank you for today.
Thank you for ways in which you provide for us all.
For your protection and love, we thank you.
Help us to focus our hearts and minds now on what we are about to
learn.
Inspire us by Your Holy Spirit as we listen and write.
Guide us by your eternal light as we discover more about the world
around us.
We ask all these in the name of Jesus. AMEN.
ATTENDANCE CHECK
CHAPTER 5
St. Paul University Iloilo
COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCES AND EDUCATION
General Luna Street, Iloilo City
OBJECTIVES :
After completing the chapter, the learner will be able to:
1. Discuss the different forms of transformation;
2. Recognize and appreciate geometric shapes;
3. Apply geometry concepts, especially isometries in describing
and creating designs; and
4. Appreciate various forms of art.
LES SON OU TLINE:
CHAPTER V: GEOMETRIC DESIGNS
I. Recognizing and Analyzing Geometric Shapes
II. Transformation
• Translation
• Rotation
• Reflection
• Glide Reflection
LES SON OU TLINE:
CHAPTER V: GEOMETRIC DESIGNS
III. Patterns and Diagrams
• Symmetry
• Rosette Pattern
• Frieze Pattern
• Wallpaper Pattern
IV. Design, Arts and Culture
• Tessellation or Tiling
• Creating Tessellation Design
• Aperiodic Tiling
• Tessellation Around Us
VIDEO PRESENTATION
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. What had you seen in the video?
2. Do you think mathematics is present in the
things that you’d seen in the video
presentation?
3. What are those mathematical
ideas/concepts that you can recognize in
the video presentation?
Chapter 5: Geometric Designs
Recognizing and Analyzing Geometric Shapes
Geometry, the branch
of mathematics concerned
with the shape of
individual objects, spatial
relationships among
various objects, and the
properties of
surrounding space.
WHAT IS GEOMETRY?
Source: https://www.britannica.com/science/geometry
Recognizing and Analyzing Geometric Shapes
Atom Spiral Across Galaxies

Sunflower
Romanesco Broccoli
Honeycomb
Spider’s Web
Peacock’s Feather
Nautilus Shell
Petals of Flower
Galaxy
Snowflakes
Aeonium Genus Plant Sun-Moon Symmetry

Human Body
“Patterns abound a nature, and geometry paves
the way to understand it more as we
experience it.”
“Perhaps there is no subject has intrigued the
human race for centuries as much as geometry
and see the wonder in nature, arts, design and in
other aspects of human experience.”
Transformation
TRANSFORMATION
Moving each point of a geometrical figure according to the

set of rules we can create a new geometric figure.
TRANSFORMATION
The movement establishes a correspondence between the

set of points of the new figure which we called image.
TRANSFORMATION
If we can pair each point of a figure with exactly one point

of its image on a Euclidean plane and vice versa, then the
correspondence is called a transformation.
ISOMETRY
(or rigid transformation) is
a transformation that
preserves size and shape.
The image of a figure is

always congruent to the
original figure in an
isometry.
TRANSFORMATION CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

THREE TYPES
OF ISOMETRY
1. Translation
2. Rotation
3. Reflection

TRANSLATION
Translation happens when a figure moves a fixed distance in a fixed
direction.

ROTATION
Rotation is an isometry in a turning motion, when points in the original
figure rotate or turn an identical number of degrees about a fixed
center point.

ROTATION
-A rotation has a center
of rotation and an angle
of rotation (clockwise
or counterclockwise).

REFLECTION
Reflection is an isometry
when a reflection flips
across an axis of reflection
or when a reflection
produces a figure’s “mirror
image.”
“line reflection” defines

reflection

GLIDE REFLECTION
Glide reflection is a special type of two- step isometry,
uses a combination of a reflection and translation.

Patterns and Diagrams
PATTERNS
A pattern is a design
that has a translation
symmetry in an
underlying structure
that organizes surface
or structure in a
consistent regular
manner.
PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

SYMMETRY
PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS
SYMMETRY
An object is said to be
symmetric if it can be
divided into two or more
identical parts that can
be arranged in an
organized fashion.
Symmetry is an exact
configuration of an
image around an axis of
symmetry.

SYMMETRY
The word “symmetry”
came from the Greek
word “symmetrein”
which means “to
measure together.”

THREE TYPES OF
GEOMETRICAL SYMMETRY
Reflectional Symmetry Rotational Symmetry Translational Symmetry

Reflectional
Symmetry
Reflectional symmetry (or
mirror symmetry) is a
symmetry in which half of
the image of an object is
exactly same as the other
half.

Reflectional Symmetry
Butterfly
Plant Leaves

Rotational
Symmetry
Rotational symmetry is a
symmetry in which the
image is rotated to a
certain degree about at
axis and does not affect
the shape of the image.

Rotational Symmetry
petals of a perfect sunflower dartboard yin yang

Translational
Symmetry
Translational symmetry is
a symmetry in which a
particular pattern or
design is shifted from one
place to another, meaning
the same exact image is
found on another location,
even the orientation of the
image is the same.

Translational Symmetry
chessboard
honeycomb snake skin

Symmetries in Arts and Architecture
THE SACRAMENT OF THE LAST SUPPER

MOND CRUCIFIXION by Salvador Dali
by Rafael Sanzio

Symmetries
in Arts and Architecture
MALACANANG PALACE
SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH official residence of the Philippine President
Manila, Philippines

ROSETTE PATTERN
ROSETTE PATTERN
Rosette pattern is a pattern consist of taking a

motif or element and rotating and/or reflecting
the element.

ROSETTE PATTERN
The fact that they can only have these two rigid motions is
called Leonardo’s Theorem.
The theorem was named after Leonardo Da Vinci who

formulated it, for he needed to make sure that cathedrals
remain symmetrical when additions were added to the chapels.

Two Types of Rosette Pattern
Cyclic Rosette Pattern Dihedral Rosette Pattern

Two Types of Rosette Pattern
CYCLIC DIHEDRAL
ROSETTE PATTERN ROSETTE PATTERN
These are rosette patterns These are rosette patterns
which do not contain which have reflection
reflection symmetry. symmetry.

Source Box

kiwi fruit Aeonium Genus Plant Phyllotatic spirals
Rosette patterns can also be seen in nature such as the

inside of a (from left to right) kiwi fruit, Aeonium genus
plant, and phyllotatic spirals on the leaves of a plant stem.

FRIEZE PATTERN
FRIEZE PATTERN
In mathematics, frieze
pattern is a design or
pattern on a two-
dimensional surface
that is repetitive (or
translational
symmetry) in one
direction.

TYPES OF FRIEZE PATTERN



SAMPLE OF ARTS USING
FRIEZE PATTERNS
Mosaic Border (hop) Mosaic Border (jump)

Alcazar de los Reyes Cristianos Mezquita

WALLPAPER PATTERN
WALLPAPER PATTERN
Wallpaper pattern is a
mathematical
classification of a two-
dimensional repetitive
pattern which covers a
plane and can be mapped
based on symmetries on
the pattern in more than
one direction.

17 pattern types
shown in the
international
notations for
symmetry
operations
(rotations,
reflections and glide
reflections)

Wallpaper patterns used in different countries
Ornamental Painting Painted, Porcelain

Nineveh, Assyria
China

YAKAN TRIBE
DESIGN
Filipino weaving also depicts
wallpaper patterns: the Yakan
tribe’s designs are inspired by
the natural landscape of Basilan.
Their fabrics are characterized
by geometric patterns and vivid
hues, and are made from
“pineapple and abaca fibers dyed
with herbal extracts.”

IFUGAO DESIGN

T’BOLI DESIGN
The T’boli of South Cotabato make their fabrics from abaca as well.
They’re well known for their t’nalak cloth, which is used in occasions
like birth, marriage, and death. The embroidery used to accentuate
their traditional blouses narrate the story of their relationship with
nature and spirits.

MAGUINDANAOANS DESIGN
The malongs of Maguindanao are used by Maguindanaoans during

special events like babies’ hair cutting ceremonies, weddings, and
circumcision rituals.

Designs, Arts and Culture
Archimedes
Archimedes and other ancient mathematicians investigated properties
of regular polygons and combinations of regular polygons that
tessellated the plane.

TESSELLATION
The word “tessellation”
comes from the word
“tessera” meaning “a
square tablet” and it has
been borrowed from the
Greek word “tessares”
meaning “four.”

Square tablets were used
to make ancient Roman
mosaics.
Roman Mosaics

The Sumerians used
mosaics as early as
4000 B.C.
Sumerian Mosaic

Moorish Arts
The Moorish artist of North Africa used geometric
designs for artwork and decorated buildings.

Mosaics in Alhambra Palace
Granada, Spain
The Alhambra Palace in Granada, Spain has a
number of tessellation design in its structure and
mosaics in flooring and walls.

TESSELLATION OR TILING
TESSELLATION
A tessellation (or tiling) is
an arrangement of
congruent figures that
cover a plane without any
gaps or overlaps.

MAURITS
CORNELIS ESCHER
“Father of Tessellation”
He created tessellations on
woodworks and made 137
tessellations in his lifetime.

Bulldog
Horsemen
M. C. ESCHER’S
WORKS

Andrew Crompton Craig Kaplan
Artists who made designs using tessellation as

shown in the figure.

Robert Ingalls Hop David
Artists who made designs using tessellation as

shown in the figure.

OTHER TYPES OF TESSELLATIONS
Regular Semi-Regular Demi-Regular

REGULAR TESSELLATION
A regular tessellation is a
tessellation made up of
congruent regular polygons
being regular means the sides
of the polygon are all of the
same length and congruent
Regular
means that the polygons we put
together are all the same size
and shape.
*A regular polygon is a polygon which is equiangular (all angles are

congruent) and equilateral (all sides have the same length).

To tessellate a two-dimensional plane,
1. It must tile a floor with no overlapping or
gaps.
2. The tiles must be regular polygons (all the
same) and each vertex must look the same.

Triangular Tiling: 3.3.3.3.3.3 or 36

Square Tiling: 4.4.4.4 or 44

SEMI-REGULAR TESSELLATION
A semi-regular tessellation (or
Archimedean tessellation) is an
edge-to-edge tessellation
where two or more different
polygons are around each
vertex having the same pattern
of polygons.
Semi-Regular

SEMI-REGULAR TESSELLATION

DEMI-REGULAR TESSELLATION
A demi-regular tessellation is
an edge-to-edge tessellation,
wherein the arrangement at
each vertex in a tessellation of
regular polygon is not the
Demi-Regular same.

DEMI-REGULAR TESSELLATION

CREATING A
TESSELLATION DESIGN
We can create a tessellation through a group of
techniques called transformation.

APERIODIC TILING
APERIODIC TILING
Aperiodic tiling is a tiling made
from the basic elements or tiles
that can cover an arbitrary
large surface without ever
exactly repeating itself.
Aperiodic Tiling

APERIODIC TILING
It was discovered by a British

mathematician Roger Penrose.
Roger Penrose

APERIODIC TILING
Penrose Triangle

TESSELLATION AROUND US
Art
Chessboard
Tessellation can be seen in the arts, chessboards, restrooms, walls, floors, and others.
Common shapes are arranged in unusual ways, sometimes a unusual shape will
tessellate and sometimes tow or more different shapes will tessellate.

Tessellations on Walls and Floors
Tessellation can be seen in the arts, chessboards, restrooms, walls, floors, and others.
Common shapes are arranged in unusual ways, sometimes a unusual shape will
tessellate and sometimes two or more different shapes will tessellate.

In some architectural structure tessellation can
also be seen.
Afghanistan Mosaic

Islamic Minaret
In some architectural structure tessellation can also be seen.

Spider Web
Snake Skin
Tessellation can also be elicited in nature such in honeycomb of beehive is a periodic
tiling by hexagon, each piece of dried mud in a mudflat is a tile, spider web, snake
skin and others.

RECAP!
RECAP
What are the different forms/types
of isometric transformation?
Discuss each of them.

PRAYER AFTER ONLINE CLASS
Our most kind and loving Father, we thank you
once again for this humble opportunity to come
together in your holy name.
Thank you for being with us through the entirety
of this class.
We thank you for the knowledge you bestowed
upon us and the wisdom that we will continue to
harbor.
May today’s lesson be a stepping stone towards
achieving our dreams.
PRAYER AFTER ONLINE CLASS
Lord, continue to bless and protect our loved ones
through the safety of our home.
Keep each one of us sound and healthy for us to see each
other again.
And lastly, I humbly ask you, Oh Lord, please heal the
world.
Save us, Oh Jesus.
All of these we ask in the name of our savior, Jesus
Christ. AMEN.

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St.

Paul University Iloilo

Atom Spiral Across Galaxies

Aeonium Genus Plant Sun-Moon Symmetry

Moving each point of a geometrical figure according to the

The movement establishes a correspondence between the

If we can pair each point of a figure with exactly one point

The image of a figure is

TRANSFORMATION CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

TRANSFORMATION CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

TRANSFORMATION CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

TRANSFORMATION CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

TRANSFORMATION CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

“line reflection” defines

TRANSFORMATION CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

TRANSFORMATION CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

Reflectional Symmetry Rotational Symmetry Translational Symmetry

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

petals of a perfect sunflower dartboard yin yang

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

THE SACRAMENT OF THE LAST SUPPER

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

Rosette pattern is a pattern consist of taking a

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

The theorem was named after Leonardo Da Vinci who

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

Cyclic Rosette Pattern Dihedral Rosette Pattern

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

Rosette patterns can also be seen in nature such as the

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

Mosaic Border (hop) Mosaic Border (jump)

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

Ornamental Painting Painted, Porcelain

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

The malongs of Maguindanao are used by Maguindanaoans during

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs

PATTERNS AND DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 5: Geometric Designs