Research I 9

Research I – STE Grade 9

Quarter 2 – Module 3: Nature of Research
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Mary Jane A. Dalisay
Editors:
Reviewers: Cristina D. Fernandez
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Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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Research I 9
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 3
Nature of Research
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Research I Self-Learning Module 3 on Nature of Research!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Research I Self-Learning Module on Nature of Research!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest – This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

The development that our society is undergoing right now is the product of
different researches in different disciplines. It makes our lives more convenient and
helps solve problems that our environment is facing for a long time. It also gives
new ideas, inventions, discoveries, innovations and support existing theories in
different fields. However, it is also a way to disprove some ideas or theories that
creates new principles.
Nature of research tells us the meaning, characteristics, types, strengths
and weaknesses of research. It is the necessary information that a learner should
know to be able to understand and engrossed themselves with the next research
topics fully.
In your previous topic, scientific attitude and skills were discussed to you for
you to practice and apply these while deepening the lesson about scientific
research. It this lesson you are expected to show scientific attitudes and skills that
you have learned for you to be able to follow the upcoming topics.
As a future science researcher, in this lesson, you are expected to explain the
meaning, type and characteristics of research, specifically to:

1. define scientific research;

2. label the given research title if it is life or physical science research; and
3. recommend life and physical science research journals.

PRETEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Research that conducted for a specific purpose that contributes to the field of
science using the process of the scientific method is called ____________.
A. Pure Research
B. Action Research
C. Scientific Research
D. Quantitative Research
2. A procedure that includes a systematic observation, measurement, formulation
of hypothesis, and experimentation is called____________.
A. Methodology
B. Scientific Method
C. Scientific Attitudes
D. Method of Inquiry and Observation
3. A category of scientific research that focuses on non-living things. It includes
topics connected to chemistry, physics, geology, etc.
A. Life Science
B. Physical Science
C. Scientific Attitudes
D. Branches of Science

4. A category of scientific research about humans, animals, and plants. It also

includes topics connected to biochemistry, cell biology, ecology, etc.
A. Life Science
B. Physical Science
C. Scientific Attitudes
D. Branches of Science

5. The following are example of scientific research under the category of physical
science, EXCEPT.
A. Anomalous-diffusion approach applied to the electrical response of water
B. Surface Potential Imaging of Solution Processable Acene-Based Thin Film
Transistors
C. Sedimentation Velocity Analysis of Polyglutamine Assembly in C. elegans
using a Fluorescence Detection System
D. Flavonoids potentiated anticancer activity of cisplatin in non-small cell
lung cancer cells in vitro by inhibiting histone deacetylases

RECAP
To recall the topics about the strength and weaknesses of research,
meaning, answer this activity below:

Modified True or False

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If the statement is incorrect,

write False and change the underlined words that make the statement wrong. Write
your answer before the number.

_______________1. Quantitative research requires small number of respondents, it is

assumed that the larger the sample is, the more statistically accurate the findings
are.

_______________2. The use of statistical techniques facilitates sophisticated

analyses and allows you to comprehend a huge amount of vital characteristics of
data.

_______________3. Quantitative research is cheap since there are more

respondents compared to qualitative research, the expenses will be greater in
reaching out to these people and in reproducing the questionnaires.

_______________4. The numerical data can be analyzed in a quick and easy way.
_______________5. It is subjective since it provides numerical data, it can’t be
easily misinterpreted.

Now you recall the previous topic, let us now further discuss the nature of
research, specifically, the scientific research.

LESSON

What is Scientific Research?

Scientific research conducted for a specific purpose, it contributes to science

through systematic collection, interpretation and evaluation of data. The results
can be obtained from a small group through socialized scientific studies and newly
discovered information with respect to diagnosis, treatment and reliability of
applications (Caparlar and Donmez 2016, 212). Scientific research involves a
continuous back and forth movement between theory and observations. Both
theory and observations are vital components of scientific research. For example,
relying merely on observations for making inferences and ignoring theory is not
considered valid scientific research (“Science and Scientific research” n.d.).

Scientific investigations begin with a specific research question and the

formulation of a hypothesis to answer this question. A reliable and testable
hypothesis is the essential part of scientific research. Specifically, it should be
clear, specific, and directly aim to answer the research question. The next step is
testing the hypothesis using the scientific method to support or criticize it (Erol
2017).

Categories of Scientific Research: Physical and Life Science

Physical Science- The researches involve in physical science focuses on non-living

things. It tends to rest upon theories and laws to explain why this occurs and why
that does not. Physical sciences research can be about any branch of physical
science such as chemistry either physical chemistry, theoretical
chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, etc.; earth sciences such as:
geology, soil science, meteorology, and lastly physics.

Example Studies:

- Sedimentation Velocity Analysis of Polyglutamine Assembly in C. elegans

using a Fluorescence Detection System

- Anomalous-diffusion approach applied to the electrical response of water

 - Surface Potential Imaging of Solution Processable Acene-Based Thin Film
Transistors

Source: Academia.edu Journals

Life Science- The researches involve in life science focuses on study of humans,
animals, and plants. Examples of life sciences field are the following: biochemistry,
botany, cell biology, cognitive neuroscience, ecology, genetics, health sciences,
medicine, microbiology, zoology, and a lot more

Example studies:
- Drug repurposing and relabeling for cancer therapy: Emerging benzimidazole
antihelminthics with potent anticancer effects

- Risperidone accelerates bone loss in rats with autistic-like deficits induced

by maternal lipopolysaccharides exposure

- Flavonoids potentiated anticancer activity of cisplatin in non-small cell lung

cancer cells in vitro by inhibiting histone deacetylases

Source: ELSIVIER, 2020 Journals

To apply your understanding about this lesson, do the activity given.

ACTIVITIES
 Activity 1: Scientific Research: Concept Map
Objectives: Identify the different terminologies referring to scientific research.
Materials: Pen and paper

Procedure: Complete the given concept map by writing the terminologies referring
to scientific research.

Closure: Define scientific research using the terminologies you write in the concept
map.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Life and Physical Science

Objective: Label the given research title if it is life or physical science.

Materials: Paper, and Pen

Procedure: Write Life Science or Physical Science.

_______ 1. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical
Diseases.

_______ 2. Waste to Energy: Opportunities and Challenges for Developing and

Transition Economies.

_______ 3. Coconut Husk Biochar as Soil Amendments for Growing Onion Plant.

_______ 4. Drinking Water and Diarrheal Disease due to Escherichia coli.

_______ 5. Cost effectiveness analysis of drotrecogin alfa (activated) as a
treatment for severe sepsis in hospitalized patients.
Closure: What is the difference between life and physical science research? Use
your own words.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3: Science Journal

Objective: Recommend life and physical science research journals.

Materials: Pen, Paper, Highlighter, Computer (or any device that can connect to
internet)

Procedures:
1. Search a sample of simple scientific research journal. It can be about physical or
life science.
2. Read the journal and highlight the important details.
3. Write the benefits of the study you have read and explain its benefits to the
society.

Journal Title: ___________________________________________________________________

Author: _______________________
Date: _______________________
Category: _______________________

1. What does the study all about?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. What benefit can we get from that study?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Closure: Why it is important to categorized the scientific research into life and
physical science?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

WRAP-UP
 Incomplete Paragraph
Direction: Fill in the blanks by writing the correct words to summarize the lesson
for today.

Scientific research conducted for a specific purpose, it contributes to

the field of ____________ using a procedure called ___________ method for
conducting investigation. It is divided into two categories ___________ and
__________ science. The life science involves the studies connected to
___________ things while physical science focuses on ___________ things.

VALUING
Direction: Read and answer.
Life Science Research supports discoveries and innovations that improve the
different industries, such as health care, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical. These
industries play a significant role in the current situation right now. During this
pandemic time, researches are fundamental.
If you will be a scientist who conducts researches, what kind of research would
you like to perform to ease our situation regarding the pandemic?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST

Direction: Choose the best answer from the box below. Write the chosen answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
 Life Science Scientific Method Scientific Research
Physical Science Scientific Investigations Reliable and Testable

1. A procedure that includes a systematic observation, measurement, formulation

of hypothesis, and experimentation.

2. A ________________________ hypothesis is the essential part of scientific research.

3. A ___________________________ begin with a specific research question and the

formulation of a hypothesis to answer this question.

4. The study entitled “Coconut Husk Biochar as Soil Amendments for Growing
Onion Plant” is an example of _______________.

5. The study entitled “Drinking Water and Diarrheal Disease due to Escherichia
coli” is an example of _________________.

KEY TO CORRECTION
 References
Ballera, Charlene, Mary Jane Dalisay, Jonalyn Gungon, and Renee Rose Reyes.
Practical Research 2: SHS Learner’s Module. Pasig City: Rizal High School,
2019.

Bhattacherjee, Anol, "Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices"

(2012). Textbooks Collection. 3.
https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3.

Caparlar, Ceyda Ozhan and Asli donmez. “What is Scientific Research and How can
it be Done.” Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim, 44(4) (2016): 212-218. Accessed
August 14, 2020. doi: 10.5152/TJAR.2016.34711.

“Difference Between Life Science and Physical Science.” Differencebetween.net. Last

update April 24, 2011.
http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-life-science-
and-physical-science/.

Erol, Almila. “How to Conduct Scientific Research.” Turk J Anaesthesiol

Reanim, 54(2) (2017): 97–98. Accessed August 14, 2020.
doi: 10.5152/npa.2017.0120102.

National Research Council (US) Committee on Research at the Intersection of the

Physical and Life Sciences. Research at the Intersection of the Physical and
Life Sciences. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2010. 1,
Introduction. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45111/.

“Physical Science.” Academia.edu. Last updated, 2020.

https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences.

Prieto, Nelia, Victoria Naval, and Teresita Carey. Practical Research 2: Quantitative.
Cubao, Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing Inc. 2017.

“Recently Life Science Articles.” ELSEVIER. Last updated, 2020.

https://www.journals.elsevier.com/life-sciences/recent-articles.