Research I 9

Research I – STE Grade 9

Quarter 2 – Module 1: Nature of Research
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Mary Jane A. Dalisay
Editors:
Reviewers: Cristina D. Fernandez
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Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

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Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

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Research I 9
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 1
Nature of Research
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Research I Self-Learning Module 1 on Nature of Research!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Research I Self-Learning Module on Nature of Research!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest – This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

The development that our society is undergoing right now is the product of
different researches in different disciplines. It makes our lives more convenient and
helps solve problems that our environment is facing for a long time. It also gives
new ideas, inventions, discoveries, innovations and support existing theories in
different fields. However, it is also a way to disprove some ideas or theories that
creates new principles.
Nature of research tells us the meaning, characteristics, types, strengths
and weaknesses of research. It is the necessary information that a learner should
know to be able to understand and engrossed themselves with the next research
topics fully.
In your previous topic, scientific attitude and skills were discussed to you for
you to practice and apply these while deepening the lesson about scientific
research. It this lesson you are expected to show scientific attitudes and skills that
you have learned for you to be able to follow the upcoming topics.
As a future science researcher, in this lesson, you are expected to explain the
meaning, type and characteristics of research, specifically to:

1. Define what is research.

2. Specify the characteristics of research.
3. Differentiate types of research.
4. Choose the appropriate type of research in Science

PRETEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a systematic and a scientific process of inquiry or investigation.

A. Arts
B. Mathematics
C. Research
D. Science

2. A method of systematic enquiry that teachers undertake as researchers of their

own practice.
A. Basic Research
B. Action Research
C. Applied Research
D. Descriptive Research

3. Why is research scientific?

 A. It is based on facts.
B. It is based on personal opinion.
C. It answers mathematical question.
D. It follows a specific system of inquiry.

4. It aims is to get the meaning, feeling and describe the situation.

A. Mixed Research
B. Applied Research
C. Qualitative Research
D. Quantitative Research

5. Why is research systematic?

A. It is logical.
B. It follows a specific system.
C. It follows your subjective opinion about things.
D. It gives you accurate answers to scientific problems.

RECAP
PasigueHENYO!
Did you know?
The Philippine Survey and Research Center (PSRC) is located in San Miguel
Avenue, Ortigas Center, Pasig City. The center started in 1974 with only 12 people,
right now it is considered as one of the leading custom research companies in the
Philippines. The company uses a “method-neutral” approach in conducting
research. The quantitative and qualitative methods are both used to design for their
customers' specific business issues, which resulted in reliable data and information
that can be used as a basis for better ways and strategies in building a business.

Pasig City is fortunate to have a nearby company to handle some business

issues for our business enthusiast in a way that promotes research methods like
qualitative and quantitative methods as an essential part of creating business
strategies.

For more information about PSRC, you can visit their website.

To recall the topics about scientific attitudes and skills, answer this activity below:

Emoji Time

Direction: Shade the correct emoji for each statement. Shade a happy face if the
statement is correct and sad face if it is incorrect.

1. Intellectual dishonesty may lead to an ethical issue in research like

academic misconduct.

2. Critical mindedness in doing research does not totally

require you to become open-minded. Open-mindedness
requires you to be open to the
 possibilities that your idea is not always right.

3. Perseverance is upkeeping the interest and momentum to continue

pursuing the truth.

4. Observation in Science is significant and should be appropriately used

in conducting a scientific investigation, and that includes the use
of tools and instruments for precise and accurate observation.

5. Measuring is vital in collecting, comparing and interpreting data,

especially when you are dealing with quantitative research.

Now you recall the different scientific attitudes skills, let us now further
discuss the nature of research.

LESSON

What is research?

Research is divided into two words “Re” which means again, a new or over
again, while “search” means to examine closely or carefully, to test, try or probe.
Most professions do a research study; thus, more than just a set of skills required,
it is a way to show critical thinking and different aspects of professional works
(Materials & Methods in Research n.d.,172). Research is a detailed and well-
thought study through the use of the scientific method that addresses specific
problem, concern, or issue. It intends to answer questions from an existed issue
that can only be answered through the process of research (What is Research? -
Definition, Purpose & Typical Researchers, 2013). It is also a process of performing
different mental acts to prove the accuracy or truthfulness of your claims or
conclusions about the topic of your research through the discovery of facts and
information examination (Baraceros 2016, 10).

Characteristics of Research
Not all study that undergone the process of collecting, analyzing and
interpreting information to answer questions are research. There are characteristic
to be possessed to classify it as a research, it must be systematic, controlled,
rigorous, valid and verifiable, empirical and critical.
Let us define the characteristics of a research to know and be guided in
making our future researches.
1. Systematic- It refers to following an adopted systematic and logical procedure in
investigating a topic. Research cannot be done if you just used a random method.
2. Controlled- In reality, many factors affect the result of a study. Controlled refers
to exploring the causal relationship between variables or factors involved in the
study. The correct way of setting up the study can minimize the effects in the
relationship by other factors.
3. Rigorous- Finding answers to the questions should be based on a procedure
which is carefully followed and ensured the relevance, appropriateness and
justifiable answers to the questions.
4. Valid and verifiable- It implies that whatever will be the result or conclusion
based on the findings which are considered correct can be verified not only by the
researcher as well as the others.
5. Empirical- It means that any result or conclusion any conclusion made are
based on hard evidence from the information gathered came from observation and
real-life experiences.
6. Critical- the procedure used is vital to a research inquiry. It should be
appropriate, suited and free from problems. The process adopted and the
procedures used must be able to endure a thorough examination and inquiry.
Source: Materials & Methods in Research n.d.,173-174
Type of Research
Based on Application of Research Method

 Pure Research- This research is also called basic research; it aims to add
knowledge about a specific topic like theoretical and practical issues. It deals
with concepts, principles, or abstract things.

 Applied Research- This research aims to make a positive change in society. It

focuses on societal problems or issues that require a solution that can be
applied to ease the needs of society.

Based on Purpose of Research

Descriptive Research- This research aims to define or give definition to a picture

of a person, thing, event, group, situation, etc. It is related to the repeated study
because the topic is limited to a number of years to conduct or it is set to a certain
period. The result of this type of research leads to further study on a topic.

Correlation Research- This research shows the relationship between two factors,
circumstances, or agents called variables that affect the study. It only focuses on
the connectedness of those variables on the existence of the relationship between
them, not the reason why the correlation exists or ways on how to develop it.

Explanatory Research- This research expounds the relationship of the variables

by showing the causes and ways of the development of the relationship between
variables.

Exploratory Research- This research’s purpose is to find out how your topic
possible, reasonable and worthy to conduct a research study on a specific topic. It
gives ideas to boost interest to conduct the study.
Action Research- This type of research study is popular practice of a school,
organization, community, or institution to bring improvement or positive changes
to the system.

Based on Types of Data Needed

Qualitative Research- This type of research requires non-numerical data. The

data used or collected from this type is in form of words to express the results,
inquiries, or investigations about the thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and
lifestyles of people participated in the study. The opinions of people cannot be
measured; therefore, the findings will be expressed through verbal language.

Quantitative Research- This type of research involves the measurement of data.

The research findings are mostly present through the use of numerical forms such
as percentage, fraction, and numbers. Statistical result form is used in this study
as the basis of making conclusions.

Primary data are gained through direct observation or contact with

people, objects, artifacts, paintings, database, government reports etc.
primary data are new and original information resulting from your
sensory experience.

Secondary data are gained if such data have already been written
about or reported on and are available for reading purposes such as
magazine, newspaper, website articles etc.

Source: Baraceros 2016, 11-12

To apply your understanding about this lesson, do the activity given.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Concept Map
Objectives: Define what is research and specify its characteristics.
Materials: Pen and paper
Procedures:
1. Complete the concept map.
2. Answer the guide questions.
Figure 1: Characteristics of Research

Guide Questions:

1. How will you define research in your own words?

2. Which among the characteristics you think is the most important? Why?
3. If you are going to add another characteristic of research, what could that be?
Explain your answer.

Closure: What did you learn?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Type of Research

Objective: Differentiate types of research.

Materials: Paper, and Pen
Procedure:
1. Identify the specific type of research for each given topic by writing it in
the column.
Pure Applied Action Descriptive Explanatory Exploratory Correlation

1. Theory of Relativity
2. Manila Flashflood Solutions
3. Reasons behind the Increase of Tuition Fees
4. The Why and How of Internet Use
5. Teaching Through PowerPoint Presentation
6. Effects of Korean Telenovelas on Filipino TV Viewers
7. Amount of Water Affecting the Growth of a Plant.

Closure: Differentiate two types of research in your own words.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3: Agree or Disagree

Objective: Choose the appropriate type of research in Science.
Materials: Pen and Paper

Procedures:
A. Express your judgement or decision about each line by checking the box
representing your choice.
B. Justify your choice by writing it on the space provided.
C. Answer the guide question.

1. Your zero or poor knowledge of research means you are not in a quality
school.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ 2.
To have a rich
understanding of every aspect of your research means to approach it in a
naturalistic way.

______________________________________________________
3.
______________________________________________________
You can quantify
people’s worldviews.

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
4.
You behave like a
scientist in research.

______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Guide Question:
1. knowing the characteristics and types of research, what do you think is the type
of scientific research in terms of the following and justify your answers.

- Based on Application of Research Method: _________________________

- Based on purpose of the Research: ________________________________
- Based on types of data needed: _____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Closure: Why do we need to know the types of research based on your

understanding?

__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___

WRAP-UP
Research Map
Direction: Complete the concept map to summarize the lesson for this day.

VALUING
Direction: Answer the following in a complete sentence. Provide what is being
asked for in the box provided below.

1. Give three characteristics research that you think is very important in a research
study. Justify your answer.

2. How can these characteristics of quantitative research help to improve your

skills in research?

3. What is the importance of these characteristics of research in science field?

 POSTTEST

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It is numerical, non-descriptive, applies statistics or mathematics and uses

numbers.
A. Mixed Research
B. Applied Research
C. Qualitative Research
D. Quantitative Research

2. Which of the following characteristics of research describes that the variables in

research are kept constant?
A. Controlled
B. Planned
C. Rigorous
D. Systematic

3. It uses correlations to study relationships between dimensions or characteristics

of individuals, groups, situations, or events.
A. Qualitative Research
B. Exploratory Research
C. Longitudinal Research
D. Explanatory Research (Causal Research)

4. Which of the following characteristics of research describes that research is

extremely thorough and careful?
A. Rigorous
B. Systematic
C. Valid
D. Verifiable

5. An investigation on basic principles and reasons for occurrence of a particular

event or process or phenomenon
A. Basic Research
B. Applied Research
C. Quantitative Research
D. Qualitative Research
 KEY TO CORRECTION

References
Baraceros, Esther. Practical Research 1. First Edition. Quezon City, Manila: Rex
Book Store, 2016.
“Materials and Methods.” Shodhganga. n.d.
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/
10603/25033/21/9.1.%20materials%20&%20methods.pdf.
“Nature of research”. Quizizz. Last update July, 2020.
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5f1bd7125ee807001b64261f/the-nature-
of-research
“Types of research”. Quizizz. Last update May, 2020.
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5ebf47a9097629001d4dd62d/types-of-
research.
"What is Research? - Definition, Purpose & Typical Researchers." Study.com.
July
25, 2013. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-research-definition-
purpose-typical-researchers.html.