Sister Callista Roy
Adaptation Model
0 Adaptation Model 0 Cognator subsystem
• Presented the Adaptation Model. She viewed
each person as a unified biopsychosocial system in
constant interaction with a changing environment.
She contented that the person as an adaptive
system, functions as a whole through
interdependence of its part. The system consists of
input, control processes, output feedback.
• Focuses on the ability of Individuals, families,
groups, communities, or societies to adapt to
change.
The degree of internal or external
-environmental change and the person’s ability to
cope with that change is likely to determine the
person’s health status.
Coping process
-Nursing interventions are aimed at promoting
physiologic, psychologic, and social functioning or
adaptation.
Are innate or acquired ways of interacting Coping
processes with the changing environment ( Roy &
Andrews, 1999)
INNATE COPING MECHANISM
• Are genetically determined or common to the
species and are generally viewed as automatic
processes; humans do not have to think about
them.
ACQUIRED COPING MECHANISM
• Are developed through strategies such as
learning.
• The experiences encountered throughout life
contribute to customary responses to particular
stimuli.
0 2 categories of coping mechanism 0 - Determined by age, sex and developmental stage.
Regulator subsystem
- transpires through neural, chemical and endocrine
processes
- like the increase in vital signs-sympathetic
response to stress.
-occurs through cognitive- emotive processes (
perceptual and information processing, learning,
judgment, and emotion)”.
Adaptive responses
-Those that promote integrity in terms of the goals
of human systems.
INEFFECTIVE RESPONSES
- Those that do not contribute to the integrity in
terms of the goals of the human system.
INTEGRATED LIFE REPONSES
- Refers to the adaptation level at which the
structures and functions of a life process are
working as a whole to meet human needs
- ( ROY & ANDREWS, 1999 )
0 4 adaptive modes 0
1. Physiological
- the way a person responds as a physical being to
stimuli from the environment.
- Physiological needs ( oxygenation, nutrition,
elimination, activity and rest, and protection )
- Complex needs ( senses, fluid, electrolytes,
neurological and endocrine function ).
Goal: physiological integrity
2. self- concept-group identity
- Psychological and spiritual characteristics of the
person consist of all beliefs and feelings that one
has formed about oneself.
Goal: psychological integrity
3. Role function
- primary, secondary, or tertiary roles that a person
performs in the society.
Primary
- Determines the majority of behavior engaged in
by the person during a particular period of life.
Secondary
- Are those that a person assumes to complete the
task associated with a developmental stage.
Tertiary
- Are related primarily to secondary roles and
represent ways in which individuals meet their roles
associated obligations.
- Normally temporary in nature, freely chosen by
the individual (Clubs, hubbies )
Goal: social integrity

4. Interdependence
- Coping mechanism from close relationship which
results to giving and receiving of love, respect ,
knowledge, skills, time, and value.
2 relationship: significant others, or most important
and support system
Goal: affectional adequacy.

Metaparadigm

Person
• Biopsychological being and the recipient of
nursing care.
Environment
• All conditions, circumstances, and influences
surrounding and affecting the development of an
organism or groups of organisms.
• Stimuli ( stressors )
a. Focal
- those most immediately confronting the person, it
attracts the most attention.
b. Contextual
- all other stimuli that strengthens the effect of the
focal stimulus.
c. residual
- those stimuli that can affect the focal stimulus but
the effects are unclear.

Health
• The person encounters adaptation problems in
changing the environment.

Nursing
• A theoretical system of knowledge that prescribes
a process of analysis and action related to the care
of the ill or potentially ill persons .