INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

A permanent population living in a definite

territory having a sovereign body to run the
affairs(government)

Permanent population: State is the one

which has permanent population
inhabitants makes up permanent
population

Sovereign body they are free to do

whatever they want to do without any
external intervention. Example United
States of America
Whole world consist of states except
Antarctica
At first there were primitive blocks people
used to sojourn on a particular place
depending on availability of food which
later lead to formation of tribes and
eventually nation system is established

NATION STATE SYSTEM:

The concept is that every nation should
have a separate state. Pakistan is the best
example in this respect. All the nation states
in world form a Nation-state system.

5 basic values of state(responsibility of

state):
1. Peace
2. Security
3. Freedom (freedom of expression, speech)
4. Order and justice
5. Welfare (health and education)

The states which are able to provide above

requirements to the citizen are developed
states also called as Global south
ORIGIN OF NATION STATE SYSTEM:
European countries waged war with each
other. This war started from 1618 to
1648.In the aftermath of the war a peace
treaty was decreed and nation state system
came into existence. Before this treaty they
did not concede on sovereignty of the other
states.
EVOLUTION:
Concept of nationalism lead to evolution of
nation state system. Different nations
previously a part of an empire
dismembered and multifarious states were
created.
Decolonization of Africa and Asia
USSR into new states including Russia.

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY:
“A society of states exist when a group of
states, conscious of their common interest
and values, forms a society in a society that
they conceive themselves to be bound by a
common set of rules in their relations with
another, and share in the working of
common institutions”
-Hedley Bull
EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS:
-No state in previous times
-Greek city state: bigger cities used to call
them as state and they maintained relations
with other states
-There were empires like Ottoman,Greek
-Dark ages in Europe:
Christianity prevailed and clergy was the
extreme supremacy. Kings authority was
undermined. Church played crucial staege
Revival of Europe under Mandeville ages,
renaissance of Europe countries.
Industrial revolution: Trade escalated and
common interests lead to improved
relations.