AI based Controller for Three Phase Three
Level, Soft Switched, Phase Shift PWM DC to
DC Converter for High Power Application
Himanshu Santosi, Prerna Gaur, Senior Member IEEE, Rahul Virmani, Student Member IEEE, A.P.
Mittal, Senior Member IEEE, and Bhim Singh,* Fellow, IEEE
 PWM(pulse width modulation) dc to dc converter’ has been
Abstract—An artificial intelligence controller for three phase
three level soft switched, phase shifted PWM(phase shift
modulation) dc to dc converter is proposed for high voltage and
high power applications. In which, it is analyzed that four
switches in a leg where outer switch behaves as a zero voltage
switching and inner switch behaves as a zero current switching.
The performance is analyzed by simulation in
MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Index Terms—High Voltage, PID, Fuzzy Logic, Neural
Network.
I. INTRODUCTION
T O control of a converter has always been a big challenge.
With the conventional control technique such as
PID(proportional, integral, derivative) may be achieved
satisfactorily. The power quality may be improved with
AI(artificial intelligence) based controllers as these control
techniques are not based on mathematical modeling and
system parameters. The paper presents the fuzzy logic and
neural network controller as applied to ‘Three Phase Three
Level, Soft Switched, Phase Shifted PWM DC-DC Converter
for High Power Applications’ as developed in [1]. In this
paper first the three phase three level, soft switched, phase
shifted PWM dc to dc converter is modeled in MATLAB
(SIMULINK) with PID controller to control the duty cycle
and then a fuzzy logic controller and neural network controller
are designed and the comparison between output voltages are
obtained using the controller separately is established. In [1],
the ‘three phase three level, soft-switched, phase shift
Himanshu Santosi is student in Divison of Instrumentation and Control
Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Univ. of Delhi New
Delhi-110078 INDIA (e-mail:himanshur.santosi@gmail.com).
Prerna Gaur is with Divison of Instrumentation and Control Engineering,
Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Univ. of Delhi, New Delhi-110078
INDIA (e-mail: prernagaur@yahoo.com).
Rahul Virmani is student in Divison of Instrumentation and Control
Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, University of Delhi, New
Delhi-110078 INDIA (e-mail: virmani.ideal@gmail.com).
A.P.Mittal is with Divison of Instrumentation and Control Engineering,
Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, University of Delhi, New Delhi-
110078 INDIA (e-mail: mittalap@gmail.com).
Bhim Singh is with Deptt of Electrical. Engineering at Indian Institute of
Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas,,New Delhi-110016 INDIA (e-mail:
bhimsinghiitd@gmail.com).
978-1-4244-7882-8/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE
achieved with realized that outer switches behaves as zero
voltage switching (ZVS) and inner switches behaves as zero
current switching (ZCS) without the help of any auxiliary
circuitry comprising of active or passive elements. Where,
three level topology is used for reducing the voltage stress to
half of the input dc voltage and it has been used for realizing a
dc to dc converter [1]. The soft commutation is achieved by
using phase shift PWM modulation which is having simple
control structure and high power density can be achieved. In
this converter, current stress at high power levels is reduced
by involving topology which consist of three phase inverter
coupled to a three phase high frequency transformer followed
by three phase high frequency bridge rectifier where, output
rectifier is a center tapped full wave current tripler producing
either two or three level output voltage depending upon the
operating duty cycle which, leads to considerable reduction in
size of the output filter compared to that of the conventional
full bridge topology[1-4]. The proposed AI based dc to dc
converter is used fuzzy logic control and neural network
control topology. This is better over PID control topology in
the respect of output dc voltage and these voltages have been
achieved. The principle of operation and analytical studies for
the proposed AI based converter is presented with the
behavioral and performance characteristics of the converter in
this paper with the help of simulation.
II. DC TO DC CONVERTER
A. Circuit Configuration
The circuit configuration of three phase three level dc to dc
converter is shown below in Fig.1 [1]. In this configuration, it
has three legs and each leg consist of four switches, two
clamping diodes and one coupling flying capacitor. And it
shows that the first leg which consist of four switches as S1
and S4 are outer switches which are controlled by signals A
and ̅ as well as inner switches S2 and S3 are controlled by
signals B and  respectively. In the same way, other legs are
controlled. Each switch is maintained duty cycle of 0.5. For
eliminating cross conduction, there is introduced a short turn
on delay. For controlling output voltage, there is uniform
phase shift in the range of 0° and 120° between signals A and
B respectively same as for other signals. And switching
signals of the adjacent legs (A, C and E) are phase shifted by
120° with respect to each other. It is consist of three high
frequency single phase transformers with star connected
primary are configured for obtaining the required isolation
between primary and secondary side. And three single phase
center tapped full wave rectifiers are connected at secondary
side in parallel through three output filter inductors (Lf1- Lf3)
across a common output filter capacitance Cf. The three center
tapped rectifiers are being fed by three single phase
transformers. The primary of each transformer are connected
with their respective legs in the respect of phase. Output
current of the rectifier is the sum of the output currents of
three single phase center tapped full wave rectifiers. Due to
phase shift of 120° among the transformer secondary voltages,
the frequency of full wave output voltage is six times of the
inverter frequency. The junction of diodes D1 and D2, D3 and
D4, D5 and D6 are all connected together to form the common
node point, N.[1]-[4]. The circuit of the Fig.1 is simulated in
MATLAB/SIMULINK and run with topology as given in [1].
As this paper proceeds the controlling of converter of
reference [1].
Fig.1. Three phase three level soft switched dc to dc
converter.[1]
B. Principle of Operation
For achieving output voltage control, a phase shifted PWM
topology is used for each phase. The switch timing diagram
for the range of duty cycle and assumptions are same as in [1].
All three operating modes are as follows. The explanation for
these modes may be referred from [1]. During steady state
transfer characteristics is defined as referred form [1].
For duty cycle 0˂D˂2/3:
The average of sum of any one filter inductor voltage, output
voltage after simplification is
Vout = nD(Vin/2) – fS(2n2 LLK i0)/3 (1)
Where, LLK is leakage inductance.
For duty cycle 2/3˂D˂1:
If the device capacitance and leakage inductance of
transformer are neglected, the output voltage is
Vout = nVin/3 (2)
Hence, output voltage is independent of duty cycle in this
mode.
C. TPTL Equivalent Model and Transfer Characteristics
This topology is used in [1] for simplification of TPTL
converter. Considering the equivalent series resistance of filter
inductor and output filter capacitor which is shown in Fig.2,
hence transfer function of the TPTL converter is
VO(s)/d(s)=n(Vin/2)[1+s/1/(RCCf)]/[1+s/(W0Q0)+s2/(W0)2] (3)
Where,
 
W0 = (1/Leq Cf ) [(1 + )/(1 + )]
 
And
Q0 = (1/W0)[1 (Leq/RLeq+RL) +Cf(RC +(RL RLeq/RLeq+RL))]
Where, RL is load resistance, Cf is output filter capacitance,
RLeq is equivalent series resistance of filter inductance, RC is
equivalent series resistance of filter capacitor, Leq is equivalent
output filter inductor.
Fig.2. Simplified equivalent model of TPTL.[1]
D. Control Techniques and Control Strategy
There are two control techniques used as conventional
control technique such as PID (Proportional, Integral and,
Derivative) controller and modern control technique such as
Fuzzy logic controller and Neural network controller. The
converter is controlled by controlling duty cycle. So, there is
strategy obtained by compensated error voltage which is
difference between set point or reference voltage (100V) and
output. This compensated error voltage is converted in the
form of duty cycle for controlling duty cycle as shown in
Fig.3.
As assumed Ve ≈ Vce = Vref - Vout
Take laplace transform,
Vref(s) Ve(s) CONTROLL Vce(s) d(s) Vout(s)
+ G’(s)
ER Plant
̶
Fig.3. Controlling strategy of a plant.
From equation 3 output is negative.
Let, Rule 5: If error is zero and change in error is zero then output
G(s) = VO(s)/d(s) (4) is zero.
Vce(s)/s = Vref/s – Vout(s) Rule 6: If error is zero and change in error is positive then
= 100/s – G(s)d(s) output is positive.
Rule 7: If error is positive and change in error is negative then
By assumption, sG(s)d(s) ˃˃ 100 output is zero.
Vce(s) = sG(s)d(s) Rule 8: If error is positive and change in error is zero then
Let sG(s) = G’(s) output is zero.
d(s) = Vce(s)/G’(s) (5) Rule 9: If error is positive and change in error is positive then
output is positive.
where,
Ve = error voltage
Vce = compensated error voltage
Vref = reference voltage(or set point)
VO = output voltage
G(s) = transfer function
d(s) = duty cycle

PID Control: This control technique is further developed and

tuned, [5] there are three parameters as KP(propagation
constant), KI(integral constant) and KD(derivative constant) as
predicted by some method as Root Locus and Routh Hurwitz
(for stability only) but values found by it that is not satisfied
so, it is not mentioned here. Now, by trial and error method
values are: (a)

KP = 0.01; KI = 0.00000005; KD = 0.0000000000005

Fuzzy Logic Control: In this controlled technique, [6], [7] the

3*3 rules are taken because other order rules showing same
performance and as increasing order of rules then system
undergoes slow and sluggish. Hence, three membership
function is defined in the range of 0 and 1 for each input(error
and change in error) and output of the controller as
represented below in Fig.4 and rules are discussed and shown
in table I.

TABLE.I
3*3 FUZZY STANDARD RULES

Ce (b)
N Z P
e

N N N Z

Z N Z P

P Z Z P

Rule 1: If error is negative (N) and change in error is negative

then output is negative.
Rule 2: If error is negative and change in error is zero (Z) then
output is negative.
Rule 3: If error is negative and change in error is positive (P)
then output is zero (c)
Rule 4: If error is zero and change in error is negative then Fig.4. (a) Error; (b) Change in Error; (c) Output
Neural Network Control: In this controlled technique, [8], [9]
as it is system based on operation of biological neural In1
In2
In3
networks in other words is an emulation of biological system. In4
In5
As its mathematical model of biological neuron consist of In6
In7
In8
weights as synapses, an adder sums up all the inputs modified In9
In10
In11
by their respective weights, an activation function controls the In12
Conn1
amplitude of the neurons in the acceptable range of 0 and 1, -1 Conn2
Conn3
Conn4
and 1. As the range of input is defined within 1 only not more Conn5

than it. This paper uses 10 neurons, 20 weight functions for three phase inverter
two inputs in input layer and 1 neurons, 10 weight functions in Conn1
Conn2
output layer and 1 hidden layer. And trained for 100 epochs Out1 Conn3
Conn4
for achieving the goal of 0.00000000001. As Fig.5 shows the Conn5
regression plots of neural network controller in the application rectifier
of feed forward topology. Out1
Out2
Out3
There are two controlled techniques as this paper followed In1 Out1 Out4
Out5
feed forward neural network control and not to recurrent In1 Out6
Out7
Out8
neural network control which contains feedback control Out9
control unit Out10
Out11
topology. Out12
Feedforward control topology: Where the data flow from pulse generating unit
input to output units is strictly feed forward. The data
processing can extend over multiple(layers of) units, but no Fig.6. Simulation of TPTL converter with controller.
feedback connections are present, that is, connections
extending from outputs of units to inputs of units in the same Fig.7 shows simulation model of TPTL DC to DC converter
layer or previous layers. for single leg means for single phase.

Fig.7. MATLAB model for TPTL dc to dc converter (per

phase).

Fig.8 shows simulation model of secondary part of TPTL DC

to DC converter that is rectifier for per phase.
Fig.5. Regression plot of neural network controller. 5 Lf2
4 Lf3
LT1 Conn5
Conn4
III. SIMULATION AND RESULTS 3 2
2 D9
Conn3 1
To confirm the validity of the proposed scheme detailed 1 Conn2 2
6 node 10 3
simulation studies are carried out using MATLAB power 3
system blockset at automatic solver of ‘ode45’ as shown in Conn6 LT2
node 9
Fig.6. The parameters chosen for simulation are Vin = 600V, 7
node 9
D10
Vout = 100V, Fs = 100kHz (switching frequency), n = Conn7
1
0.43(transformation ratio). It is performed for the range of Conn1
duty cycle 0 ˂ D ˂ 2/3. The parameters chosen for the purpose
are Lf = 350μH, Cf = 1330μF, RL = 1.833Ω, RC = 0.0167Ω. Fig.8. MATLAB model for rectifier (per phase).
Fig.9 shows simulation model of Fuzzy Logic control unit for
TPTL DC to DC converter. 500
Current
Voltage

VOLTAGE(Volts) and CURRENT(Amp)

400
Scope7
error
1 Out1 300

To Workspace
200
1 num(s
vdc + v K- output
-
VM
Gain3 Gain5 den(s) 100
Transfer Fcn To Workspace1
1 Fuzzy Logic 0
1 In1 Controller
Gain4 -100
du/dt 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025
TIME(Sec)
ce
Derivative Fig.12. ZCS mode for inner switches as obtained for switch
To Workspace2 S2.

Fig.9. MATLAB model for fuzzy logic control unit. Fig.13 shows the zero voltage switching curve between the
voltage and current with time for analyzing ZVS for outer
Fig.10 shows simulation model of Neural Network control switches where voltage reaches to the switching voltage and
unit for TPTL DC to DC converter. zero voltage turn on takes place and realizes continuously at
switching intervals.

+v -K-
600

- num(s
vdc x{1} y{1} K- 1
Current
VOLTAGE(Volts) and CURRENT(Amp)

500 Voltage
VM Gain3 Gain5 den(s) Out1
Neural Network Transfer Fcn
400

du/dt -K-
In1 1 300

Derivative Gain4 200

100

Fig.10. MATLAB model for neural network control unit. 0

-100
1.99 1.992 1.994 1.996 1.998 2 2.002
The results are obtained during simulation as: TIME(Sec)

Fig.11 shows the curve between voltage and time where Fig.13. ZVS mode for outer switches as obtained for switch
output voltage of proposed dc to dc converter is achieved S1.
about to 75.6V which is 24.4V less than the desired.
Fig.14 shows the curve between voltage and time where
output voltage of controlled proposed dc to dc converter with
100 the PID controller is achieved about to 75V which is 25V less
VOLTAGE(Volts)

than the desired.

80
60 Output
100
Desired
VOLTAGE(Volts)

40 80
20 60 Output
0 Desired
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 40
TIME(Sec)
20
Fig.11. Output dc voltage without any control.
0
Fig.12 shows the zero current switching curve between the 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
voltage and current with time for analyzing ZCS for inner TIME(Sec)
switches where voltage reaches to the switching voltage and Fig.14. Output dc voltage with PID controller.
zero current turn on takes place and realizes continuously at
switching intervals. Fig.15 shows the curve between voltage and time where
output voltage of controlled proposed dc to dc converter with detailed simulation studies. Hence, a neural network control
the fuzzy logic controller is achieved about to 98.2V which is technique is better over fuzzy logic control technique as well
1.8V less than the desired. as over PID control techniques in every aspect.

V. REFERENCES
100 [1] Dharmraj V. Ghodke, Kishore Chatterjee, B. G. Fernandes, “Three
Output
VOLTAGE(Volts)

Phase Three Level, Soft Switched, Phase Shifted PWM DC-DC

80 Desired Converter for High Power Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Power
Electronics, vol. 23, pp. 1214-1227, May 2008.
60 [2] R. W. De Doncker, D. M. Divan, and M. H. Kheraluwala, “A three
phase soft-switched high-power-density DC/DC converter for high
40 power applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 27, pp. 63-73,
Jan./Feb. 1991.
[3] D. S. Oliveira and I. Barbi, “A Three-Phase ZVS PWM DC/DC
20 Converter with Asymmetrical Duty Cycle for High Power
Applications,” In proc. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., 2003, vol. 2,
0 pp. 616-621.
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 [4] F. Canales, P. M. Barbosa, and F. C. Lee, “A Zero-Voltage and Zero-
TIME(Sec) Current Switching Three-Level Dc-Dc Converter,” In IEEE proc. Appl.
Fig.15. Output dc voltage with Fuzzy Logic controller. Power Electron. Conf. Expo, New Orleans , LA, 2000, pp. 314-320.
[5] Robert A. Paz “The Design of the PID Controller” Klipsch School of
Fig.16 shows the curve between voltage and time where Electrical and Computer Engineering June12, 2001.
[6] Tanaka K. and Sugeno M., “Stability Analysis and Design of Fuzzy
output voltage of controlled proposed dc to dc converter with Control Systems,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 45, pp. 135-156, 1992.
the neural network controller is achieved about to ≈ 100V [7] Seema Chopra, R. Mitra and Vijay Kumar, “Fuzzy Controller: Choosing
which is almost equal to the desired. an Appropriate Smallest Rule Set,” international journal of
computational cognition, vol. 3, Dec. 2005, pp. 73-79.
[8] Balakrishnan, S. N., and R. D. Weil, ‘Neurocontrol: A Literature
Survey,’ Mathematical Modeling and Computing, vol. 23, pp. 101-117,
100 1996.
Output [9] Miller, W. T., R. S. Sutton, and P. J. Werbos, Eds., Neural Networks for
VOLTAGE(Volts)

80 Desired Control, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990..

60 VI. BIOGRAPHIES

40 Himanshu Santosi received his B.Tech in electrical engineering

from Dr. K. N. Modi Institute of Engg. and
20 Tech., Uttar Pradesh Technical University,
Lucknow, India and M.Tech in process control
0 from Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, New
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 Delhi, Delhi University, India repectively. His
TIME(Sec) area of interest includes power electronics,
Fig.16. Output dc voltage with Neural Network controller. electrical machines and drives, active filters,
FACTS, Robust Control, intelligence control(
The results are obtained during simulation are compared with fuzzy logic and neural network) .
respect to each other for understanding the performance of
converter as shown in table II. Prerna Gaur received her B.Tech and M.Tech
in 1988 and 1996 from G.B. Pant College of
TABLE.II Technology, Uttranchal, India and Delhi College
COMPARISON OF RESULTS of Engineering, Delhi University, India. She is
TPTL DC TO DC Vout(V) PhD in the field of Motion Control of PMSM.
She joined the industry in 1989 and Delhi
CONVERTER College of Engineering as a Lecturer in 1994.
Without control 75.6 She is a Assistant Professor in the Instrument
With PID control 75 and Control Engineering Division at Netaji Subhas Institute of
With fuzzy logic 98.2 Technology, Delhi University since 1998. She is a Life Member of
the Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE) and Senior
control
Member of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
With neural network ≈100
control Rahul Virmani received his B.Tech and
. M.Tech from Uttar Pradesh Technical
University, Lucknow, India and Netaji Subhas
IV. CONCLUSION Institute of Technology, New Delhi, Delhi
University, India respectively. His area of
The Artificial Intelligence based proposed dc to dc interest includes power electronics, electrical
converter can accept high input voltage while negotiating machines and drives, active filters, FACTS and
loads requiring low output voltage and high currents. power quality. He is a Student Member of
Effectiveness of the proposed converter is confirmed through Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
 A.P. Mittal received his BE (Hons.) in
Electrical Engineering from
M.M.M.Engineering College, Gorakhpur (UP)
in 1978, ME from University of Roorkee in
1980 and PhD from IIT, Delhi in 1991. He
became an Assistant Professor in REC
Kurukshetra and joined REC Hamirpur in
1989. He was a Professor and Head in CRSCE
Murthal, Haryana from 1997 to 2001. He is HOD of Instrumentation
and Control Engineering at Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology,
New Delhi since 2001. He is a Life Member of the Indian Society for
Technical Education (ISTE) and Senior Member of Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Bhim Singh received BE Electrical from the
University of Roorkee, India, in 1977. He
obtained his M.Tech and PhD both from IIT
Delhi, India, in 1979 and 1983, respectively.
He is an Assistant Professor, Associate
Professor and Professor at the Department of
Electrical Engineering, IIT Delhi in 1990, 1994
and 1997 respectively. His area of interest
includes power electronics, electrical machines and drives, active
filters, FACTS, HVDC and power quality. He is a Fellow of INAE,
(IE (I), and IETE, a Life Member of ISTE, SSI and the National
Institution of Quality and Reliability and Senior Member of IEEE.