HUM100: ART APPRECIATION

College of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education

Prepared by: Annalisa G. Jamilano & Simon Louis Errol E. Torres

MODULE 2
THE ARTIST’S MEDIA

Brief Introduction or Description

This module intends to introduce the different mediums used by artists in creating visual arts. Specifically,
the mediums of painting, sculpture, and architecture.
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. Familiarize oneself with how an artwork is made, put together, or organized.
2. Compare and contrast the different media in visual art production.
3. Create a visual art using any of the mediums.

Pre-Activity- Before Reading Questions

1. What visual art form can you most relate to and appreciate? Explain. It may be a painting, sculpture, or
architecture.
2. Name an artist whose works you really like.
3. What particular artwork created by him or her that you relate to and appreciate? What is it and why?

Lesson 1
DEFINITION OF MEDIUM, TECHNIQUE, AND VISUAL ARTS

MEDIUM
- It refers to the materials which are used by an artist.
TECHNIQUE
- It is the manner in which the artist controls the medium to achieve the desired effect.
VISUAL ARTS
- These are those arts that are perceived with our eyes.

TYPES OF VISUAL ARTS

GRAPHIC ARTS- 2D
• painting
• drawing
• photography
• graphic process (printing)
• commercial art (designing of books, advertisements, signs, posters, etc.)

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 HUM100: ART APPRECIATION
College of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education
Prepared by: Annalisa G. Jamilano & Simon Louis Errol E. Torres

PLASTIC ARTS- 3D
• structural architecture
• landscape architecture
• city physical planning
• interior arranging
• sculpture
• crafts
• dress and costume design
• theater design

COMMON VISUAL ARTS

PAINTING
- It is the art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by the use of pigments.
SCULPTURE
- It is the construction of a figure or by putting together module segments of the
material to form a figure.
ARCHITECTURE
- It is the art of designing and constructing structures.

PAINTING
MEDIUMS OF THE PAINTING

❖ Watercolor
This medium is difficult to handle because it is difficult to produce warm and rich tones,
but it invites brilliance and variety of hues.

❖ Fresco
This is painting on a moist plaster surface with colors ground in water or limewater
mixture. The colors dry into plaster, and the picture becomes a part of the wall.

❖ Tempera
Tempera paints are mineral pigments mixed with egg yolk or egg white.
This medium dries quickly and corrections are difficult to make.

❖ Pastel
This is a stick of dried paste made of pigment round with chalk and compounded with
gum water.
However, when the chalk rubs, the picture loses some of its brilliance.

❖ Oil
One of the most expensive art activities because of the material.
It is the heaviest of the painting media.

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 HUM100: ART APPRECIATION
College of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education
Prepared by: Annalisa G. Jamilano & Simon Louis Errol E. Torres

❖ Acrylic
This medium is used by most contemporary painters because of the transparency and
quick-drying characteristics of watercolor and oil combined.
They do not tend to break easily unlike oil paints that turn yellowish or darker over time.

❖ Mosaic
It is picture or decoration made of small pieces of inlaid colored stones called tesserae.
Mosaic is classified as painting although the medium is not strictly pigment.

❖ Stained Glass
It is an artwork common in Gothic cathedrals and churches. This is made by combining
many small pieces of colored glass which are held together by bands of lead. It is also
a kind of patchwork.

❖ Tapestry
This is a fabric consisting of a warp upon which colored threads are woven by hand to
produce a design, often pictorials, wall hangings, and furniture covers.

❖ Drawing
It is usually done on paper using pencil, pen and ink, or charcoal.
Shading can be used to make drawing more life-like and realistic.

❖ Bistre
It is a brown pigment extracted from the soot of wood, and often used in pen and
wash drawings.

❖ Crayons
Crayons are pigments bound by wax and compressed into painted sticks used for
drawing especially for children in the elementary grades.
They adhere better on paper surface.

❖ Charcoal
These are carbonaceous materials obtained by heating wood or organic substances
in the absence of oxygen.
Soft charcoal produces the darkest value, while the hardest produces the lightest
tone.

❖ Print Making
A print is anything printed on a surface that is a direct result from duplicating process.
Normally, the painting or graphic image is done in blank ink on white paper and
becomes the artist’s plate.

Major Types of Print Making

• Woodcut
This is made from a piece of wood. The design stands as a relief, the remaining
surface of the block is cut away.

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 HUM100: ART APPRECIATION
College of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education
Prepared by: Annalisa G. Jamilano & Simon Louis Errol E. Torres

• Engraving
In engraving, the lines of the design are cut into a metal plate with ink and
transferred from the plate to the paper.
• Relief
It involves cutting away from a block of wood or linoleum the parts of the design
that the artist wants to be seen, leaving the portion of the third dimension.
• Intaglio
In intaglio, the design is engraved or etched into a metal plate. The incised line is
then filled with ink and under considerable pressure, leaves a sharp impression on
paper surface.
• Stencil Painting
It is a process which involves cutting of the design on special paper cardboard or
metal sheet in such a way that when ink is rubbed over it, the designed is
reproduced on the surface.

SCULPTURE
TYPES OF SCULPTURE
▪ Relief
figures are attached to the ground.

▪ Free Standing
can be seen from all sides.

MEDIUMS OF SCULPTURE
❖ Stone
Stone is durable, resistant to the elements, fire, and other hazards.
Marble is the most beautiful of stones.

❖ Bronze
The most commonly used among the metals.
It may be solid in small statues. Most large bronze statues are hollow because it would
make the statue heavy and expensive.

❖ Wood
The advantage of wood is that it is cheap, readily available, and easy to cut. It also
polishes well and has a smooth shiny surface and beautiful color.

❖ Ivory
It comes from the main parts of tusks of elephants.
Used in creating statues of saints in the Philippines.

❖ Terra Cotta
It literally means “cooked earth.”
The tenderest of sculpture materials.
Coarse clay product fired at low temperature.
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 HUM100: ART APPRECIATION
College of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education
Prepared by: Annalisa G. Jamilano & Simon Louis Errol E. Torres

OTHER MATERIALS

❖ Brass
❖ Clay
❖ Copper
❖ Glass
❖ Gold
❖ Jade
❖ Lead
❖ Plaster
❖ Steel

ARCHITECTURE
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION

▪ Post and Lintel

The earliest type of construction.
It consists of two vertical posts for support (post) and a horizontal one (lintel).

▪ Arch
Dominant in roman architecture.
Built from pieces of wood called voussoirs with joints between them and arranged in a
semi-circle.
The dome is an extension of the principle of the arch. it is a roof resembling an inverted
cup or hemisphere, formed by rounded arches or vaults rising from a round or many-
sided base.

▪ Cantilever
Any structural part projecting horizontally and anchored at one end only.
This method of construction needs a beam with great tensile strength that can be
securely fastened at the supported end.

MEDIUMS OF ARCHITECTURE

❖ Wood
It is the common building material today. Its advantages are its abundance, relative
durability, and high tensile and compression strength.
Plywood, has greatly improved the structural possibilities of wood. Plywood comes in
thin sheets.

❖ Stone
It is the material used in most of the great architecture where permanence is desired.

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 HUM100: ART APPRECIATION
College of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education
Prepared by: Annalisa G. Jamilano & Simon Louis Errol E. Torres

❖ Concrete
It is a building material made of sand and gravel mixed with cement.
For stronger structures, ferro-concrete or reinforced concrete is used.

❖ Steel
It is a tough alloy of iron in variable amounts. It is malleable under proper conditions
and hardened by sudden cooling.

Activity- After Reading Questions/ Discussion Questions:

1. How do medium and technique differ from each other?

2. Compare and contrast at least two mediums used by a painter.
3. Compare and contrast at least two mediums used by a sculptor.
4. Compare and contrast at least two mediums used by an architect.
5. What medium of the visual art do you personally appreciate? Why?

Learning Tasks:
1. Online quiz through Silid LMS.

2. Create your own painting using any of the visual art mediums discussed and explain why you used the
particular medium. Do it on a 1/8 illustration board to be submitted physically and take a picture of it
to be uploaded in the Silid LMS.

Rubrics for Painting:

Highly Proficient Proficient Met Criteria Below Standard

Indicators
(10) (8) (6) (4)
Instruction & The artwork is The artwork is The artwork is The artwork shows
Concepts planned carefully; planned carefully; planned little evidence of
understanding of all understanding of adequately; understanding the
______ concepts and most concepts and understanding of concepts and
instructions is instructions is some concepts and instructions.
clearly demonstrated. instructions is
demonstrated. demonstrated.
Craftsmanship/ The artwork shows The artwork shows The artwork shows The artwork shows
Skill outstanding art- good art-making average art-making minimal art-
making skills, with skills with some skills and average making skills and
______ clear attention to attention to attention to little attention to
control, selection control, selection control, selection control, selection
and and and and
experimentation of experimentation experimentation of experimentation of
medium/media. of medium/media. medium/media. medium/media.
Creativity/ The artwork The artwork The artwork The artwork
Originality demonstrates demonstrates demonstrates an demonstrates little
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 HUM100: ART APPRECIATION
College of Liberal Arts, Sciences and Education
Prepared by: Annalisa G. Jamilano & Simon Louis Errol E. Torres

original personal some personal average amount of personal

______ expression and expression and personal expression and
outstanding logical problem- expression. problem-solving
problem-solving solving skills. skills.
skills.
Explanation of The artwork and The artwork and The artwork and The artwork and
the Artwork medium are medium are medium are not medium are
and Medium explained explained comprehensively partially explained
Used comprehensively, accurately and explained or or incomplete.
accurately and completely. Key completely stated. Key points are not
______ completely. Key points are stated Key points are clear. Key points
ideas are clearly and supported. addressed, but not are not addressed.
stated, explained, well supported.
and well supported.

Total:

References:
Ariola, M. (2018). Art Appreciation. Manila: Unlimited Books Library Services & Publishing Inc.
Boonggaling,.C.C.G.,et. Al. (2018). Art Appreciation. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
Caslib, B.,Jr. Garing, D. & Casaul, J.A. (2018). Art Appreciation. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore.
Leaño, R. & Agtani, J.M. (2018). Art Appreciation for College Students. Manila: Minshapers Co., Inc.

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