URP 4243: Hazards and Disaster Management

Lecture-02:
Disaster Management Plans
(Counter Plan)

62
Course Teacher:
Md. Esraz-Ul-Zannat
Assistant Professor
1

Dept. of URP, KUET

December 19, 2018

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

These slides are aggregations for better understanding of the topic

mentioned in the previous slide . I acknowledge the contribution of
all the authors and photographers from where I tried to
accumulate the info and used for better presentation.

2
 Topics to be Covered by this Presentation
 Purpose of the Disaster Management Plan
 The Need for Plans

 Pitfalls in Planning

 Planning and DM Cycle

 Levels of Planning

 Format of Plans

 Critical Areas in Planning

 Planning Process: Basic issues

 Necessity of linking different phases of disaster, such as:
 Disaster relevant differences between the developed and
developing countries;
 Difference in rural and urban ways of life;
 Criteria for assessment of disaster management planning; 3
 Topics to be Covered by this Presentation
 Planning Process: Basic issues
 Possible links between disaster management planning and
development planning;
 Participation of local citizens and communities;
 Concerns over future disasters;
 Institutional framework for disaster management.

 Tasksof disaster planning

 Elements of a disaster management plan
 1- Quick Reference Guide
 2- Basic information
 3- Disaster Team
 4- Collection priorities
 5- Disaster scale and recovery operations
 6- Procedures for disaster recovery
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 PURPOSE OF THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

 To anticipate future situations and requirements, thus

ensuring the application of effective and coordinated
counter-measures to reduce possibility of a disaster and to
reduce effects if a disaster happens
 To expedite response and recovery efforts in an organized and
systematic manner if there is a disaster by having contacts and
information needed consolidated in a single plan, and by
familiarizing staff with disaster response options and activities
 To protect people, properties, environments, etc.
 To avoid a disaster by being pro-active.
 The
plan should cater for the whole scope of the disaster
management cycle.

5
 THE NEED FOR PLANS
 International experience shows that proper and adequate
planning can reduce the impact of disasters

 Plans offer the following advantages

 Clear approach to dealing with disasters
 A common reference/basis for coordinated action
 Clear allocation of responsibilities
 A focus for disaster-related training
 A setting against which to review and evaluate current and
future disaster management requirements

6
 PITFALLS IN PLANNING
 Plans must be kept under review.
 Plans must be effective with the necessary mechanism to
implement it
 Plans become ineffective because of
 Lack of clear national policy
 Inadequate funding
 Limited expertise, or
 Other similar reasons

7
 PLANNING AND DM CYCLE
 Prevention

 Mitigation
 Structural (Technocratic View)
 Non-Structural (Development Planners’ View)
 Preparedness/Response

 Recovery

8
 LEVELS OF PLANNING
 National Level
 Policy matters to detailed actions
 Local Level
 Detailed counter measures
 Coordination

9
 FORMAT OF PLANS
 No fixed format
 Some Common Rules
 Clarity of aim
 Realism
 Flexibility
 Coordination
 Definition of responsibility
 Ease of use
 Plans should be
 Written
 Simple
 Disseminated
 Tested
 Revised 10
 CRITICAL AREAS IN PLANNING
 Crisis Pressure
 Loss of or major disruption to communications
 Destruction of resources
 Disruption of disaster management system
 Octopus Effect
 Information Management

 Survey and Assessment

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 PLANNING PROCESS
The basic issues of disaster management planning are:
1. Necessity of linking different phases of disaster, such as:
Phase I: Prevention/Mitigation (Pre-disaster phase);
Phase II: Preparedness/Fighting (Just before disaster);
Phase III: Emergency response (During disaster);
Phase IV: Rehabilitation (Post-disaster).
2. Disaster relevant differences between the developed and
developing countries;
3. Difference in rural and urban ways of life;
4. Criteria for assessment of disaster management planning;

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 PLANNING PROCESS
The basic issues of disaster management planning are:
5. Possible links between disaster management planning
and development planning;
6. Participation of local citizens and communities;
7. Concerns over future disasters;
8. Institutional framework for disaster management.

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ISSUE 1: NECESSITY OF LINKING DIFFERENT PHASES OF DISASTER
Phase I: Prevention and Mitigation Phase
This includes a pre-disaster long term pre-impact activities such as:
A. Structural measures;
B. Non-structural measures.
A. Structural Measures
i) Construction of dykes (sea)/embankments (river) for control of
flood and storm surge (due to cyclone);
ii) Raising of homesteads and other structures above flood level;
iii) Construction of strong buildings and retrofitting of existing
buildings to withstand strong earthquakes and windstorms;
iv) Construction of water retention reservoirs and tubewells for use of
ground water to combat drought;
v) Construction of disaster shelter for temporary accommodation of
disaster affected people. 14
 ISSUE 1: NECESSITY OF LINKING DIFFERENT PHASES OF DISASTER
B. Non-structural Measures
i) Preparation of hazard map and land use management by
prohibiting construction of buildings and other facilities in
hazardous areas, such as flood plains, low lying coastal areas,
probable landslide locations etc.;
ii) National legislation requiring all communities to have a certain level
of disaster management planning;
iii) Development of forecasting and warning system;
iv) Training of administrators, volunteers and local people on disaster
management and occasional drills.

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ISSUE 1: NECESSITY OF LINKING DIFFERENT PHASES OF DISASTER
Phase II: Disaster Preparedness/Fighting
This phase has to do with pre-impact measures immediately
before the outset of the impending disaster and aimed at
improving emergency preparedness and time if a disaster
were to occur. Preparedness measures are:
 Forecasting and warning to caution people likely to be affected
and administration for taking necessary preparedness;
 Mobilization of trained volunteers and people for safeguarding
vital installations and disaster fighting;
 Stockpiling of food, water and medical supplies to enhance
preparedness disaster fighting at emergency times;
 Setting up of temporary shelters.

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ISSUE 1: NECESSITY OF LINKING DIFFERENT PHASES OF DISASTER
Phase III: Emergency Response
This phase has to do with those emergency actions that
immediately follow disaster impact. They generally include
the following emergency activities:
 Undertaking Search and rescue:
 Taking helpless people to temporary shelters;
 Emergency relief such as food, water, clothing, medical supports
etc.
 Setting up emergency operation center for coordination of
emergency response activities undertaken by multiple
organizations;

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ISSUE 1: NECESSITY OF LINKING DIFFERENT PHASES OF DISASTER
Phase III: Emergency Response
 Actions for reducing secondary damages;
 Systematic damage assessment for rehabilitation;
 Shutting down electric supply thereby preventing people from
electrocution;
 Putting road blocks on endangered and damaged roads for
preventing road accident;
 Providing healthcare, social care and epidemic control services.

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ISSUE 1: NECESSITY OF LINKING DIFFERENT PHASES OF DISASTER
Phase IV: Rehabilitation/Recovery
This phase has to do with activities as are undertaken after
the emergency period/phase is over in an attempt to return
to normal functions.
Major rehabilitation and recovery activities are:
 Financial assistance by charity and by credit/loan;
 Restoration of major services such as electricity, water, gas,
telephone, transportation such as roads, railways etc.
 Rebuilding of damaged and destroyed buildings and facilities;
 Restoration of agricultural farm lands;
 Supply of agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers,
insecticides, irrigation water etc.
 Formulating measures and recommendations for preventing and
mitigating future disasters.
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ISSUE 1: NECESSITY OF LINKING DIFFERENT PHASES OF DISASTER
It is important to know that while all these four phases of
disaster can be analytically separated, in reality they are
closely related to one another. The disaster related activities
of one phase can have consequences on other phases, for
example:
 Failure to enact regulations to prevent people from living in the
hazardous areas will necessitate developing preparedness in
respect of warning system, evacuation plan, search and rescues,
temporary shelter, relief etc.
 Construction of embankment for preventing flood disaster will
shift attention of disaster management from prevention to
preparedness of safeguarding the embankments.

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 ISSUE 1: NECESSITY OF LINKING DIFFERENT PHASES OF DISASTER
Prevention Is Better Than Cure
The major factors in disaster management process are:
 Human vulnerability resulting from poverty, inequality and
injustice;
 Environmental degradation due to poor land use;
 Rapid population growth, especially among the poorer section of
the community;
The root cause of increasing frequency, severity and adverse affects of
flood and drought are not to be found in climatic change but in
environmental degradation caused by human activities such as:
 Deforestation;
 Habitations in hazardous areas;
 Inappropriate cultivation;
 Weak structures etc. expose more and more people to disaster.

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 ISSUE 1: NECESSITY OF LINKING DIFFERENT PHASES OF DISASTER
Prevention Is Better Than Cure
Following adequate and appropriate steps are therefore necessary for
prevention of disaster from ecological and socio-economic points of
view:
 Preservation and development of natural environment;
 Poverty alleviation and self-reliance;
 Population control through family planning and education.

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ISSUE 2: DISASTER RELEVANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
From organizational point of view, developed and developing
countries differ along the following lines:
 Although most of the disasters take place in the developing
countries, but most of the disaster research works have been
carried out in the developed countries. As such application of
disaster research results of the developed countries may not be
appropriate for the developing countries.
 Developing countries do not have as complex an advanced
organizational structure as do developed countries. There is
much weaker and inadequate disaster management
infrastructures in developing countries.
 Organizational structures in the developed countries are both
proactive and reactive and functions smoothly from top down.
But organizational structures in the developing countries are
mainly reactive with a strong tendency of initiatives only at the
top level of government.
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ISSUE 2: DISASTER RELEVANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
From organizational point of view, developed and developing
countries differ along the following lines:
 In the developing countries most of the top disaster
management planners obtain education and training in the
developed countries on problems not related to their own
developing countries as such, such planners are not fully aware
on local disaster situations.
 In the developing countries, the disaster management
organizations give more emphasis on forming committees and
doing paper works rather than actual functions and tasks.

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ISSUE 2: DISASTER RELEVANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
The elaborate and linked groups existing in many developed
countries for emergency services do not exist in the
developing countries.
Emergency services are:

RESCUE MEDICAL SERVICES

Transport vehicles, such as  For elderly and sick;
 Ambulance;  For infants and children;
 Motor boat/engine boat;  For handicapped;
 Ordinary country boat etc.  Field medical centers to treat
RELIEF the injured;
 Dry food;  Supply of appropriate
 Baby food; medicine;
 Safe drinking water etc.  Psychological support.

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 ISSUE 3: DIFFERENCE IN RURAL AND URBAN WAYS OF LIFE
There exist some differences in socio-economic aspects
between urban and rural areas. These differences should be
recognized while formulating disaster management planning.
 In developing countries urban areas are characterized by
 High population density;
 Over-loaded public services such as transportation system;
 Over-loaded civic amenities;
 Traffic jam and pollution;
 Unplanned slums and squatters;
 Drainage congestion problems;
 Garbage disposal problems and similar other problems.

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 ISSUE 3: DIFFERENCE IN RURAL AND URBAN WAYS OF LIFE
 In the developed countries most of the populations live in
the urban areas while in the developing countries majority
of the population live in rural areas. For example, in Japan
93% of the total population live in the cities and the rest
7% live in the urbanized rural areas.
 Moreover the urban area economy is mainly based on trade,
commerce and industries while the rural economy is mainly
based on agriculture, livestock and fisheries. All the above
differences between the rural and urban ways of life should
be recognized for disaster management planning and care
should be taken so that the disaster management planning
procedures and methodology developed for urban areas are
not directly applied in the rural areas and vice versa.
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ISSUE 4: CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANNING

There are two types of criteria for disaster management

planning;
4.1 General criteria;
4.2 Disaster-specific criteria.

4.1 General Criteria For Assessment Of Disasrter Management

Planning
4.1.1 Disaster management planning measures should be as close as
possible to everyday expectations which are:
 Lives should be safe;
 Houses should be safe;
 Properties should be safe;
 Income should be secured.

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ISSUE 4: CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANNING
4.1 General Criteria For Assessment Of Disasrter Management
Planning
4.1.2 Disaster management planning should primarily be generic
(general in nature) rather than hazard specific and should deal with
problems which are common across all hazards.
Example: house constructed on high land may be safe against flood but
should be sufficiently strong against windstorm and earthquake.

4.1.3 Disaster management planning should be both vertically and

horizontally integrated. Planning activities at different government and
non-government levels should be linked and integrated into one
common approach. Planning at national, regional, district, upazila and
union level should be consistent with one another.

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ISSUE 4: CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANNING
4.1 General Criteria For Assessment Of Disasrter Management
Planning
Vertical Integration
4.1.3 National level
↓
Regional/Provincial level
↓
District level
↓
Upazila level
↓
Union level
↓
Field

Horizontal Integration
Government → NGOs → Political parties → Armed forces → Religious groups →
Donors → Community groups.
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ISSUE 4: CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANNING
4.2 Disaster-specific Criteria For Assessment Of Disasrter
Management Planning
4.2.1 Specific criteria on disaster prevention:
Planning of Prevention Phase (Phase I) should be
 As close as possible to everyday expectations;
 Politically reactive;
 Economically viable.

4.2.2 Specific criteria for preparedness (Phase II):

There is good preparedness planning when there is
 Correct anticipation of impending hazard;
 Different possible solutions and options;
 Allowance for possible emergent actions.
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ISSUE 4: CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANNING
4.2 Disaster-specific Criteria For Assessment Of Disasrter
Management Planning
4.2.3 Specific criteria for emergency response (Phase III):
Management of disaster during emergency response period is good if
there is
 Efficient mobilization of personnel and resources;
 Adequate processing and communication of information between
organizations and general public;
 Effective exercise of authority and decision making;
 Coordination among various organizations and also among
various groups of personnel.

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ISSUE 4: CRITERIA FOR ASSESSMENT OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANNING
4.2 Disaster-specific Criteria For Assessment Of Disasrter
Management Planning
4.2.4 Specific criteria for rehabilitation and reconstruction (Phase IV):
Rehabilitation and reconstruction management planning will be most
acceptable if this is
 Preplanned and integrated as apart of development planning;
 Not too ambitious and grandiose;
 Involve as many sections of the community in the decision
making as possible;
 Urgent rehabilitation of electricity, roads, agriculture, places of
economic activities and other development infrastructures should
be given priority.

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ISSUE 5: POSSIBLE LINKS BETWEEN DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Following possible links between Disaster Management Planning and
Development Planning have long been recognized:
5.1 The prevention phase of Disaster Management Planning is
concerned with such matters as
 Land use;
 Building code;
 Zoning regulation etc. which are also the requirements for Development
Planning.
5.2 During recovery period of a disaster some of the restoration
activities may be integrated with development activities.
Example: Dhaka-Tangail highway was reconstructed after damage by
several floods and the height of the highway was increased above the
highest flood level keeping adequate free board. The highway had also
been widened and strengthen in order to
 Make it an all-weather road;
 Keep movement of men and materials unhindered;
 Ensure dispatch of relief goods and workers; 34
 People may take shelter.
ISSUE 5: POSSIBLE LINKS BETWEEN DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
5.3 During recovery period some of the schools which are under
development plan of expansion and which are affected by flood may
be made two or three storied that is expanded vertically. These schools
may be utilized during next disasters as
 Evacuation sites or shelters;
 Relief operation centers;
 Disaster management coordination centers etc.
5.4 The flood protection embankment may be planned in such a way
that it forms a part of the road network.
Example: 4000 km of coastal embankment have been paved and
integrated with the general road network system thereby
tremendously increasing the mobility and access of the vast mass
of people living in the coastal areas.
5.5 Poverty alleviation and self-reliance projects under development
planning increase income and employment thereby increasing disaster
resiliency and hence contribute towards disaster mitigation. 35
 ISSUE 6: PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL CITIZENS AND COMMUNITIES
Following participation of local citizens and communities are
envisaged:
6.1 Reduction in the vulnerability of the citizens and communities is
better done with people’s participation. As such any national, regional
or local disaster management planning calls for people’s participation
and involvement.

6.2 For successful implementation of preparedness planning, a

management system geared to the community level and involving local
volunteers must be established.

6.3 Initial efforts of the disaster management at the local community

level are quicker, easier and more fruitful than attempts to involve
citizens from outside the disaster area.

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 ISSUE 6: PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL CITIZENS AND COMMUNITIES
6.4 Disaster rehabilitation planning should be undertaken for targeted
groups rather than in large masses of individual citizens, because
different groups may have different order of priority.
For example:
 Agricultural farmers need seeds, fertilizers, irrigation water and
other inputs;
 Fishermen need fishing net, fishing boat, marketing facilities,
transport etc.
 Livestock farmers need good variety of livestock, feed and
veterinary services;
 Traders need bank loan, transport, growth center etc.
6.5 Awareness about disaster management planning is vital in
mitigating disaster and participation by individual citizen as well as
different communities in generating awareness is essential.

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 ISSUE 6: PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL CITIZENS AND COMMUNITIES
6.6 Where disaster have been increasing both in frequency and
intensity on account of environmental degradation due to human
interference, massive participation by all concerned people in reversing
the degradation process is a of utmost importance.

6.7 In every society there is a variety of social structures such as

 Family relatives;
 Religious institutions;
 Political organizations;
 Cooperatives;
These unwritten and non-institutionalized social structures called
‘coping mechanism’, become collective instrument in organizing
actions during emergency and post-emergency periods. The local
people of the communities are the first to attempt the disaster victims
and offer assistance before any other help can reach in the disaster
area. 38
 ISSUE 7: CONCERNS OVER FUTURE DISASTERS
There are following major concerns about future disasters:
7.1 developing countries by their own definition is socio-economically
changing and nature of disasters are also changing. These two different
kinds of changes and their dynamics can not be ignored.
7.2 Disaster management planning for future is mostly done based on
the records of the past. If future societal and technological changes are
ignored planning may not be appropriate for future generations.
7.3 disaster management planning can not be just for tomorrow. It has
to be for decades to come and in these coming years social changes will
occur in every society which will affect the capabilities and resources
that will be available for disaster management.
7.4 in most developing countries there is rapid growth of population
and increase of population density which will force the poor people to
shift to hazardous areas as such more and more people will be exposed
to disaster.
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 ISSUE 7: CONCERNS OVER FUTURE DISASTERS
7.5 new and increasing kinds of man-made technological hazards that
were not existent several decades ago are making people vulnerable of
chemical and nuclear threats.
Examples:
 Chemical leakage in Bhopal, India, not only affected the people
working in the pesticide plant but the entire community outside
the plant.
 Chemical contamination of the Rhine river in Switzerland
affected all the lower riparian countries through which the river
passed.
 Radiation leakage in Chernobyl nuclear power plant affected
many people in the Soviet Union and Europe.
7.6 Technological advancements that add new complexity in disaster
management such as insecticides and pesticides and fire resistant
chemicals that causes asphyxiation.
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 ISSUE 7: CONCERNS OVER FUTURE DISASTERS
7.7 In the process of cloning and genetic manipulation of plants,
animals and human beings something may go wrong somewhere
thereby inviting a catastrophic disaster that may threaten the very
existence of civilization.
7.8 Nuclear proliferation may reach a stage when a terrorist group or a
maverick dictator might posses nuclear bombs and cause holocaust by
dropping nuclear bombs on enemy territories thereby starting nuclear
war and reprisals that might involve several countries.
7.9 Disaster caused by terrorist attack like the one on the World Trade
Center and Pentagon in USA may increase in future. Retaliation by the
affected countries may cause further disaster. 41
ISSUE 8: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
8.1 Utilization of the total government structure
The system utilizes the total extent and depth of an existing
government structure from national level down to local government
and community level. It does not require any separate or independent
institution.

8.2 Community involvement/participation

disasters generally occurs at the community level which might be called
the ‘disaster front’. Any disaster management planning organization
must therefore plan for appropriate community involvement and
participation. It is advisable to consider organizational requirement at
the community level first that is at the disaster front. Then
organizational framework should be moved upward up to the national
level (bottom up approach).

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ISSUE 8: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
8.3 Specialist facilities and systems
A disaster management organization system is a dynamic entity and all
phases of disaster management planning must involve action as such
following specialist facilities and systems are required:
 Direction and coordination of disaster related actions;
 Emergency operation centers;
 Altering and activating disaster management system as and when
required;
 Communication network for disaster management;
 Warning and its dissemination system;
 Survey and assessment of damage for future disaster
management planning;
 Information management;
 Emergency logistics.

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ISSUE 8: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
8.4 Coordination of non-government resources
Non-government resources can be easily coordinated into the disaster
management system. This can easily be done through
 National Disaster Management Council (headed by the PM);
 Prime Minister’s Disaster Relief Fund;
 District Disaster Management Committee;
 Upazila Disaster Management Committee;
 Union Disaster Management Committee.

8.5 Operational coherency

Operational coherency means that the disaster coordination authority
has a clear picture of disaster and the pattern of action being taken to
cope with such calamities. If one operational coherency is lost even for
a short period, response operation may be seriously affected.

44
ISSUE 8: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
8.6 Shape and size of the organizational system
The fundamental considerations which basically determines the shape
and size of the organizational system is the disaster threat in respect of
a. The nature of threat such as
 Natural hazards;
 Man-made hazards;
 Civic unrest etc.
b. The degree of threats such as
 Severe;
 Moderate;
 Minor.
c. The pattern of threats such as
 Frequency;
 State/Extent.

45
ISSUE 8: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
8.7 Psychology For Coping With Disaster
The disaster can have wide ranging effects on a country, its
government and its people. Therefore the primary responsibility of
coping with disaster must rest with the government institutions at
various levels. Government departments and agencies dealing with
disaster have to accept additional work flow and work under pressure
during emergency. However, donor agencies, NGOs, CBOs and other
groups are generally at hand to cooperate for disaster management
planning.

8.8 Key Objective Of Disaster Management Organizations

The key objective of the disaster management organization is that it
should be capable of intervening rapidly and effectively in disaster
situations.

46
 TASKS OF DISASTER PLANNING
 Develop
a working relationship with parent organization
and community, i.e., university disaster team, city disaster
management, fire department
 Risk Assessment: Identify, assess and mitigate potential
risks and hazards
 Identify insurance policies, spending authority and
emergency funds

47
 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS INVOLVES THESE ACTIVITIES…
 Assess collections and assign priorities for salvage
 Identify disaster recovery resources, including institutional
assistance, vendors, consultants, conservators
 Secure a budget for supplies and training activities

 Purchase and distribute in-house supplies (which should

be inventoried)
 Analyze impact on services

48
 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS INVOLVES THESE ACTIVITIES…
 Review policies and procedures for disasters and/or
emergencies
 Write the disaster plan, distribute, or better, put on the
website
 Secure offsite backups

 Trainstaff
 Conduct pre-planned tests of the plan

 Review and report every emergency

 Modify plan from drills and experience

 Update plan regularly

49
 RISK ASSESSMENT
 Identify and assess risks

What is the likelihood of something occurring?

If something were to occur, what would be the loss?

Risk Assessment
1- Survey Building
 Site of building
 Landscape
 Building materials and structure
 Fire Protection (sprinklers, type)
 Utilities (water, electrical, etc)
 Custodial
 Security
 Communication Systems 50
 RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk Assessment

2- The conclusion of the Assessment should be to know:

 Where are my biggest risks?
3- Take preventive actions or regularly monitor or “alarm”
those risks.
 What can we do to bring the greatest good?
Category Probability and Effect Examples
1 High probability- High Effect Fire, typhoon, flood, roof leaks

2 High probability- Low Effect theft, vandalism

3 Low probability- High Effect earthquake, nuclear war,

tsunami, explosion

4 Low probability- Low Effect collapse of bookshelf,

collapsed ceilings

51
 ELEMENTS OF A DISASTER PLAN
1- Quick Reference Guide
 Procedures for immediate response to most common disasters
 Done with Security and Building personnel
2- Basic information
 Emergency phone numbers
 Building officer/personnel
 Post evacuation meeting locations
 Location of disaster supplies
 List of vendors
 Floor plans with fire alarms, exits, etc.

52
 ELEMENTS OF A DISASTER PLAN
3- Disaster Team
 The disaster management team will depend on individual
institution size, resources and staffing patterns
 Staff selected should have experience with :
 Administration activities, i.e., public relations, finance, & personnel
 The physical building
 The collection and materials
 Preservation practices
 Library services, including reference, circulation
 Computer services

53
 ELEMENTS OF A DISASTER PLAN
4- Collection priorities

Priority 1 : Irreplaceable materials

Priority 2 : Materials essential to provide basic services or
materials required by law
Priority 3 : Replaceable materials, i.e., core collections, areas
of excellence, materials of high research value
Priority 4 : Nice to have, but not essential
Priority 5 : “Do not salvage” list

54
 ELEMENTS OF A DISASTER PLAN
5- Disaster scale and recovery operations
 Level 1: Emergency
 Handled by minimal staffing in less than 4 hours
 Any damaged materials are handled in-house
 Level 2: Small disaster
 Limited to isolated area
 Damages of less than 100 items
 Requires 1-3 staff members
 Disruptions resume within a day
 Supplies available in-house
 Damaged materials treated in-house

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 ELEMENTS OF A DISASTER PLAN
5- Disaster scale and recovery operations
 Level 3: Medium disaster
 Damages of less than 500 items
 Service operations resumed within 48 hours
 Outside vendors may be needed
 Level 4: Major/large scale disaster or wide-area disaster
6- Procedures for disaster recovery
 General Guidelines
 Recovery of mold materials
 Freezing of materials
 Vacuum freeze drying
 Vacuum drying or thermal vacuum drying
 Freezer drying
 Dehumidification
 Air drying of materials
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 Guidelines for paper-based materials
 What We have Covered Today
 Purpose of the Disaster Management Plan
 The Need for Plans

 Pitfalls in Planning

 Planning and DM Cycle

 Levels of Planning

 Format of Plans

 Critical Areas in Planning

 Planning Process: Basic issues

 Necessity of linking different phases of disaster, such as:
 Disaster relevant differences between the developed and
developing countries;
 Difference in rural and urban ways of life;
 Criteria for assessment of disaster management planning; 57
 What We have Covered Today
 Planning Process: Basic issues
 Possible links between disaster management planning and
development planning;
 Participation of local citizens and communities;
 Concerns over future disasters;
 Institutional framework for disaster management.

 Tasksof disaster planning

 Elements of a disaster management plan
 1- Quick Reference Guide
 2- Basic information
 3- Disaster Team
 4- Collection priorities
 5- Disaster scale and recovery operations
 6- Procedures for disaster recovery
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 What We Learnt

 Understanding of the counter disaster management plan, its

need, purpose, process and procedures, basic issues, disaster
planning tasks and elements of a disaster management plan

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 What Next?
Lecture 3:
Disaster and National Development

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 Sample Questions

1. What are the purposes of disaster management plan? Put down the
rationales of the counter disaster management plan.
2. Pitfalls of the counter disaster management plan.
3. Briefly explain the basic issues while preparing disaster management
planning.
4. How does psychology affect in coping with disaster?
5. What activities will be involved in disaster preparedness while
preparing disaster management planning?
6. What activities will be involved in disaster risk assessment while
preparing disaster management planning?
7. Briefly explain the elements of a Disaster Plan.

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