MATH 10

Session 2.3
Week Nov. 6-10, 2023

ULAS CAMPUS
Good Day
Everyone!
Plea s e p r e p ar e
the following
materials for
our subject!
What have we done last
meeting?
 Let’s
Review!
 Warm Up!
What are the parts of circle that you can remember?
C
B
A
F
E
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I
L
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 Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

● accurately determine the different parts of a circle;

● correctly solve for the measure of the arc of a circle; and
● correctly solve word problems involving the parts of a circle.
● derives inductively the relations among chords, arcs, central
angles and inscribed angles. (M10GE-IIc-1)
● illustrates secants, tangents, segments, and sectors of a circle.
M10GEIIe-1;
 Let’s Practice!

Individual Practice:

1. Determine all the radii,

diameters, chords, secants,
and tangents of the figure to
the right.
 Let’s Practice!

Individual Practice:

2. In the figure below, 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 are

diameters intersecting at center 𝑂.
If 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 55°, find 𝑚 𝐴𝐵,
෽ 𝑚 𝐴𝐷,
෽
and 𝑚 𝐴𝐶𝐷.
෿
Session 2.3

Circle and Its Parts

QUIPPER-ULAS
 Learn about It!

1 Circle
set of all points on a given plane that is equidistant from a fixed point on the plane
called the center of the circle; named based on the letter used to indicate the center of
the circle

Example:
The circle to the right is named circle 𝐶.
 Learn about It!

2 Radius
distance between the center of the circle and a point on the circle; the plural form
of radius is radii

Example:

The lines 𝑄𝐶, 𝐶𝑅, and 𝑃𝐶 are the radii of

circle 𝐶.
 Learn about It!

3 Chord
a line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle

Example:

The lines 𝑄𝑅, 𝑃𝑅, and 𝑄𝑃 are chords of

circle 𝐶.
 Learn about It!

4 Diameter
a chord that passes through the center of the circle; the diameter is also the
longest chord in a circle

Example:

The line 𝑄𝑆 is the diameter of circle 𝐶.

 Learn about It!

5 Secant
a line that intersects a circle in two points

Example:

The lines 𝑄𝑆 and 𝑄𝑅 are secants of

circle 𝐶.
 Learn about It!

6 Tangent
a line that intersects a circle at only one point; the point where it intersects the
circle is called the point of tangency

Example:

The line 𝑈𝑉 is tangent to circle 𝐶, and

the point of tangency is point 𝑇.
 Learn about It!

7 Arc
a portion of a circle formed between two points on the circle

Example:

The arc 𝑃𝑄
෽ is a minor arc, and the arc
෿ is a major arc.
𝑃𝑅𝑄
 Learn about It!

8 Arc Addition Postulate

The measure of an arc formed by two adjacent arcs of the same circle is equal to
the sum of the measures of the two arcs.

Example:

In the given circle 𝑂, 𝑚 𝑄𝑃

෽ = 90° and
෽ = 120°. It follows that
𝑚 𝑃𝑅
෿ = 𝑚 𝑄𝑃
𝑚 𝑄𝑃𝑅 ෽ + 𝑚 𝑃𝑅 ෽ = 210°.
 Learn about It!

9 Central Angle
an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle

Example:

In the figure to the right, ∠𝑄𝑂𝑃 is a

central angle.
 Learn about It!

10 Central Angle Postulate

The measure of a central angle is equal to the measure of its intercepted arc.

Example:

The measure of the central angle ∠𝑄𝑂𝑃

is 90°. It follows that the measure of the
intercepted arc 𝑄𝑃 ෽ is also 90°.
 Learn about It!

11 Inscribed Angle
an angle whose vertex is on the circle

Example:

In the figure to the right, ∠𝑃𝑅𝑄 is an

inscribed angle.
 Try It!

Example 1: Name the following parts of circle 𝑂 given below:

a. 𝑂𝐶 = radius
b. 𝐴𝐶 = diameter
c. 𝐴𝐷 = chord
d. 𝐴𝐹 = secant
e. 𝐶𝐹 = tangent
f. ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 = inscribe angle
g. ∠𝐴𝑂𝐸 = central angle
෽ = minor arc
h. 𝐸𝐶
෿ = major arc
i. 𝐴𝐸𝐵
෽ = semicircle
j. 𝐴𝐶
 Try It!

Example 2: In the figure below, 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 60° and

𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 135°. Find 𝑚 𝐴𝐶.
෽
 Try It!

Example 2: In the figure below, 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 60° and

𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 135°. Find 𝑚 𝐴𝐶.
෽
Solution:
We will use the Central Angle Postulate to
determine 𝑚 𝐴𝐶.
෽ This postulate states that
the measure of a central angle is equal to
the measure of its intercepted arc.
 Try It!

Example 2: In the figure below, 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 60° and

𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 135°. Find 𝑚 𝐴𝐶.
෽
Solution:
Since 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 60°, it follows that the
measure of its intercepted arc 𝐵𝐶
෽ is also 𝟔𝟎°.

Since 𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 135°, it follows that the

measure of its intercepted arc 𝐴𝐵
෽ is also
𝟏𝟑𝟓°.
 Try It!

Example 2: In the figure below, 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 60° and

𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 135°. Find 𝑚 𝐴𝐶.
෽
Solution:
Remember that the measure of the arc
equivalent to an entire circle is 360°. Thus,
we can add the measures of the three arcs
and make it equal to 360°.

෽ + 𝑚 𝐵𝐶
𝑚 𝐴𝐵 ෽ + 𝑚 𝐴𝐶
෽ = 360°
 Try It!

Example 2: In the figure below, 𝑚∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 60° and

𝑚∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 135°. Find 𝑚 𝐴𝐶.
෽
Solution:
Solving for 𝑚 𝐴𝐶,
෽ we will get 𝑚 𝐴𝐶
෽ = 165°.

Therefore, 𝒎 𝑨𝑪
෽ = 𝟏𝟔𝟓°.
 Any
Question
Relationships
between Chords and
Arcs
 Learn about It!

1 Bisected Chord Theorem

If a radius of a circle bisects a chord on the same circle, then the radius and the
chord are perpendicular.

Example:

In the figure to the right, the radius 𝐴𝐵

bisects the chord 𝐶𝐷 at 𝑋. It follows that
𝐴𝐵 ⊥ 𝐶𝐷.
 Learn about It!

2 Apothem
a distance of a chord to the center of the circle

Example:
In the figure to the right, 𝑉𝑇 represents the
distance between 𝑈𝑊 and the center 𝑇. As
such 𝑉𝑇 is the apothem. In the same
manner, 𝑇𝑌 is also the apothem between
𝑋𝑍 and the center 𝑇.
 Learn about It!

3 Congruent Chords Theorem

If two chords of a circle are congruent, then their apothems and intercepted arcs
are also congruent.

Example:
The figure to the right illustrates circle 𝑂
with congruent chords 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐷𝐸. It follows
that the apothems 𝐹𝑂 and 𝐶𝑂 are
congruent as well as the intercepted arcs
෽ and 𝐷𝐸.
𝐴𝐵 ෽
 Try It!

Example 1: In a given circle 𝑂, the chords 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐶 are

congruent. What can be concluded between 𝐴𝐵 ෽ and 𝐵𝐶?
෽

Solution: Let us illustrate the problem.

Since 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐵𝐶, it follows that 𝑨𝑩 ෽

෽ ≅ 𝑩𝑪
according to the Congruent Chords
Theorem.
 Try It!

Example 2: In circle 𝑂, the chords 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 are congruent.

If 𝑚 𝐴𝐵
෽ = 2𝑥 + 13 ° and 𝑚 𝐶𝐷 ෽ = 3𝑥 − 2 ° ,find 𝑚 𝐴𝐵
෽ and
෽
𝑚 𝐶𝐷.
Solution: Let us illustrate the problem.

Since 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐶𝐷, it follows that 𝐴𝐵

෽ ≅ 𝐶𝐷
෽
according to the Congruent Chords
Theorem. It also means that
෽
෽ = 𝒎 𝑪𝑫.
𝒎 𝑨𝑩
 Try It!

Example 2: In circle 𝑂, the chords 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 are congruent.

If 𝑚 𝐴𝐵
෽ = 2𝑥 + 13 ° and 𝑚 𝐶𝐷 ෽ = 3𝑥 − 2 ° ,find 𝑚 𝐴𝐵
෽ and
෽
𝑚 𝐶𝐷.
Solution: Since 𝑚 𝐴𝐵෽ = 𝑚 𝐶𝐷,෽ we can
solve for the value of 𝑥 by substituting
their corresponding values.
 Try It!

Example 2: In circle 𝑂, the chords 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 are congruent.

If 𝑚 𝐴𝐵
෽ = 2𝑥 + 13 ° and 𝑚 𝐶𝐷 ෽ = 3𝑥 − 2 ° ,find 𝑚 𝐴𝐵
෽ and
෽
𝑚 𝐶𝐷.
Solution:
෽ = 𝑚 𝐶𝐷
𝑚 𝐴𝐵 ෽
2𝑥 + 13 = 3𝑥 − 2
2𝑥 − 3𝑥 = −2 − 13
−𝑥 = −15
𝑥 = 𝟏𝟓
 Try It!

Example 2: In circle 𝑂, the chords 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 are congruent.

If 𝑚 𝐴𝐵
෽ = 2𝑥 + 13 ° and 𝑚 𝐶𝐷 ෽ = 3𝑥 − 2 ° ,find 𝑚 𝐴𝐵
෽ and
෽
𝑚 𝐶𝐷.
Solution: Since 𝑥 = 15, we can solve for
෽ and 𝑚 𝐶𝐷
𝑚 𝐴𝐵 ෽ by substituting 𝒙 as 15 to
their corresponding values.
 Try It!

Example 2: In circle 𝑂, the chords 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 are congruent.

If 𝑚 𝐴𝐵
෽ = 2𝑥 + 13 ° and 𝑚 𝐶𝐷 ෽ = 3𝑥 − 2 ° ,find 𝑚 𝐴𝐵
෽ and
෽
𝑚 𝐶𝐷.
Solution:
෽ = 2𝑥 + 13
𝑚 𝐴𝐵
= 2 15 + 13
= 30 + 13
= 𝟒𝟑
 Try It!

Example 2: In circle 𝑂, the chords 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 are congruent.

If 𝑚 𝐴𝐵
෽ = 2𝑥 + 13 ° and 𝑚 𝐶𝐷 ෽ = 3𝑥 − 2 ° ,find 𝑚 𝐴𝐵
෽ and
෽
𝑚 𝐶𝐷.
Solution:
෽ = 3𝑥 − 2
𝑚 𝐶𝐷
= 3 15 − 2
= 45 − 2
= 𝟒𝟑
Therefore 𝒎 𝑨𝑩
෽ = 𝟒𝟑° and 𝒎 𝑪𝑫
෽ = 𝟒𝟑°.
Try This:

True
True
False
True
False
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Try This:
 Any
Question
SYNTHESIS

• accurately determine the different parts of a circle;

• correctly solve for the measure of the arc of a circle; and
• correctly solve word problems involving the parts of a circle.
Thank you
for
listening!