ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

Module 2: Week 2: First Quarter

The Cartesian Coordinate System

Name: Grade & Section: Score:

Teacher:_ Date:

Learning Competencies (Essential Competencies)

The learners apply the basic concepts in Cartesian coordinate system in understanding in
Analytic Geometry and determine the distance and direction of any line relative to the given
points through illustrations.

Objectives:
a. Draw coordinate plane and identify its regions
b. Plot points on the coordinate plane
c. Use the Cartesian coordinate system as a tool in solving problems

Let’s Recall!!!
Lesson 1: The Cartesian Coordinate system

The rectangular coordinate system consists of two real number lines that
intersect at a right angle. The horizontal number line is called the x-axis, and the vertical
number line is called the y-axis.
These two number lines define a flat surface called a plane, and each point on this plane
is associated with an ordered pair of real numbers (x, y). The first number is
called the x-coordinate, and the second number is called the y-coordinate. The
intersection of the two axes is known as the origin, which corresponds to the point (0, 0).
An ordered pair (x, y) represents the position of a point relative to the origin.
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 The x-coordinate represents a position to the right of the origin if it is positive and to the
left of the origin if it is negative.
The y-coordinate represents a position above the origin if it is positive and below the
origin if it is negative. Using this system, every position (point) in the plane is uniquely
identified.
The x- and y-axes break the plane into four regions called quadrants, named using
roman numerals I, II,III, and IV, as pictured. In quadrant I, both coordinates are positive. In
quadrant II, the x-coordinate is negative and the y-coordinate is positive. In quadrant III, both
coordinates are negative. In quadrant IV, the x-coordinate is positive and the y-coordinate is
negative.

This system is often called the Cartesian coordinate system, named after the French

mathematician René Descartes (1596–1650)

.
from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg.

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Example 1: Plot the ordered pair (−3, 5) and determine the quadrant in which it lies.

Solution: The coordinates x = −3 and y=5 indicate a point 3 units to the left of and 5 units
above the origin.

Answer: The point is plotted in quadrant II (QII) because the x-coordinate is negative and
the y-coordinate is positive.

Lesson 2: Coordinates of the Vertices of a Parallelogram

Let’s Understand!
Congruent triangle: In Pre-algebra we learnt that triangles have three sides and
three angles. We also learnt that the sum of the angles in a triangle is 180°. If two triangles
have the same size and shape they are called congruent triangles. If we flip, turn or rotate one
of two congruent triangles they are still congruent.

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 In Euclidean geometry, a parallelogram is a simple quadrilateral with two pairs of
parallel sides. The opposite or facing sides of a parallelogram are of equal length and the
opposite angles of a parallelogram are of equal measure. Wikipedia

The coordinates of the vertex D(x4, y4) of a parallelogram can be

found if the coordinates of the other 3 vertices A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) are
known. Based on congruent triangle, using the following:
a. Column Vector
b. Parallelogram Formula

a. Column Vector: x2 – x1 = x3 – x4
y2 – y1 y3 – y4

x2 – x1 = x3 – x4 and y2 – y1 = y3 – y4 x1
+ x3 = x2 + x4 and y1 – y3 = y2 + y4
x4 = x1 + x3 - x2 and y4 = y1 + y3 - y2
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 b. Parallelogram Formula:
Coordinates of vertex D are (x4, y4) = (x1 + x3 - x2, y1 + y3 - y2)

Example 1:

Find the coordinates of D using the two formulas:

a.
Column Vector: If A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) and D(x3, y3).
Solution: x2 – x1 = x3 – x4
y2 – y1 y3 – y4
By substitution: -1 – 3 = -6 – a
-3 – (-4) 2-b
solve for a and b:
-1 – 3 = -6 – a; a = - 2 and -3 – (-4) = 2 – b; b = 1
b.
Parallelogram formula: (x4, y4) = (x1 + x3 - x2, y1 + y3 - y2)
D(a, b) = 3 + (-6) – (-1), (-4) + 2 – (-3)
Coordinates of D = (-2, 1) 8
Example 2: Three of the vertices of a parallelogram are A(1,3), B(5, 1) and
C(7, 5). Find the coordinates of the fourth vertex, D.

Given: Coordinates of 3 vertices A(1,3), B(5, 1) and C(7, 5) of a parallelogram.

Required: Find the coordinates of the fourth vertex, D.
Solution: Method 1: Using Column Vector
x B – xA = x C – xD
y B – y A = yC – y D
5 – 1 = 7 - xD 5

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 1 – 3 = 5 - yD
5 – 1 = 7 - xD and 1 – 3 = yD therefore xD = 3 and yD = 7

Method 2: Using Parallelogram formula

a. for x-coordinates: xB – xA = xC – xD or xA + xC = xB + xD
1 + 7 = 5 + xD
xD = 8 – 5 = 3

b. for y-coordinates: yB – yA = yC – yD or yA + yC = yB + yD
3 + 5 = 1 + yD
yD = 8 – 1 = 7

REFERENCES: Analytic Geometry by A. C. Del Rosario et al; Analytic Geometry by I. A. Fajardo et al; and
Analytic Geometry by Y. A. Fajardo , LM for Grade 10 by DepEd and Worksheets from Math4kids and
Math Salamanders.com and Wikipedia

Dear Learners: You may plot the points on the xy-plane and see the figure formed.

Let’s Apply!

Exercise: A. Identify the quadrant where each of the following points lie.

1. (-1, 4) 3. (5, -3) 5. (-3, -6)

2. (2, 5) 4. (0, -8)

B. Plot the following points on the Cartesian coordinate plane. Use graphing paper

1. A (4, -2) 3. C (-2, - 4) 5. E (4, 6)

2. B (0, 5) 4. D (-6, 2)

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 Let’s Analyze

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 Let’s Create!!!

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Name: Grade & Section: Score:

Teacher:_ Date:
Let’s Try!!! (Evaluate)
Activity: What figure am I?
A. Plot each set of points on the coordinate plane. Then connect the
consecutive points by a line segment to form a figure. Answers the questions
that follow.

1. A(6, 11), B(1, 2), C(11, 2) 4. L(-2, 8), I(5, 8), K(5, 1), E(-2, 1)

2. G(5, 14), O(-3, 8), T(17, -2) 5. D(-4, 6), A(8, 6), T(8, -2), E(-4, -2)

3. F(-2, 6), U(-2, -3), N(7, 6)

Questions:
1. Which among the triangles formed is isosceles? right?
2. How do you know that the triangle is isosceles? right?
3. Which among the quadrilaterals formed is a square?
rectangle? parallelogram? trapezoid?
4. How do you know that the quadrilateral formed is a square? rectangle?
parallelogram? trapezoid?

Activity: I Missed You, But Now I Found You!

B. Directions: Solve the following problems by using the two formulas and draw
the figure too.
1. Three of the vertices of a parallelogram are P(2,5), Q(-1, -3) and R(-8, -6).
Find the coordinates of the fourth vertex, S.

2. Plot the points G(-3,4), O(-3, -6) and L(2, -1). Determine the
coordinates of the fourth point D such that quadrilateral GOLD is a
parallelogram.
Materials needed: Graphing papers, pencil and ruler. Be guided with this rubric:
Criteria 5 3 1
The computations are 50% of the 90% of the
Accuracy accurate computation is computations is
erroneous erroneous.
All the graphs are 50% of the graphs is 90% of the graphs is
Construction accurately made not accurate not accurate

PREPARED BY: MS. MARISSA M. ESCAL 9

PNHS BACLARAN
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