LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS

Harley Bear
August 5, 2023 What are some of your great frugal hacks that helped you a lot?

Pack your lunch for school or work instead of eating out. Make your coffee
at home to prevent stopping on the way somewhere to buy some. Anytime
Breanna Shaw something needs repaired, watch a YouTube video first before calling a
August 17, 2023 technician. Sometimes it can be an easy fix that you can do yourself to
save money.I have more tips, but I think I have made this answer long
enough.

Yaseer Said
Always ask yourself this question before buying anything: “Do I need it?
September 3, 2023
What if I don’t buy this one, and save the money for any other need?”

You know what is pathetic? Being poor when you're old, and you will be old
Kerry Baldwin
someday. Learn to live within your means and put your money back for
September 4, 2023
retirement.

Most of the “frugal hacks” you hear will be about ways to buy things
cheaply. Those are great, but I’ve found that much of frugality comes down
Caleb Beers
to self-control, i.e.,not buying stuff you don’t need. Also, self-control is a lot
October 15, 2023
harder than just looking for cheap stuff. For example, I want the latest smart
phone, but my phone is still working very well. So, I don’t buy a new one.

Frugality means different things to different people. To me, it means not

Daniel Tay wasting something that can be reused or repurposed. I’ve taken this to a
October 25, 2023 level that some people may consider extreme:
I don’t buy anything.

(Adapted from https://www.quora.com)

1. Who explicitly suggests to live frugally by not purchasing any stuff?

Breanna Shaw

Yaseer Said

Kerry Baldwin

Caleb Beers

Daniel Tay

2. The word “frugality” in Daniel Tay’s post is closest in meaning to ….

modesty

simplicity

thriftiness

strictness
 cheapness

3. Who posted the least relevant answer to Harley Bear’s question?

Breanna Shaw

Yaseer Said

Kerry Baldwin

Caleb Beers

Daniel Tay

4. Who disapproved that being frugal is being cheap by giving evidence?

Breanna Shaw

Yaseer Said

Kerry Baldwin

Caleb Beers

Daniel Tay

5. What is the tone of the thread regarding useful frugal hacks?

Supportive

Respectful

Indifferent

Judgmental

Contradictory

TEXT 1
An actor creates and performs a character by using cognitive empathy or Theory of Mind (ToM). It is the ability to
represent others’ mental states. ToM plays a critical role in understanding and navigating social situations. Reflection
into the character's mental life depends on the actor’s approach to character performance. This may be an important
part of the character-creation process. This process involves the exploration of the history, motivations, beliefs, and
values of the character. This exploration often goes well beyond the information contained within the script. In other
words, for many actors, creating a character involves a complex application of ToM, which includes several brain
regions such as the temporoparietal junction and posterior cingulate/precuneus.
The temporoparietal junction works in processing and judgments of self and others. According to some studies,
overcoming self–other interference and ToM is a deeply integrated process. Findings show that simulating others has
been shown to influence self-knowledge. In this simulation, trait and memory measures become similar to a simulated
other after adopting their perspective. Some brain regions are deactivated when trained actors use the first-person
fictional perspective of a character to answer questions. This is in contrast to a situation when actors answered
questions from their own perspective. It suggests that acting may involve the suppression of self-processing.
(Adapted from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)

TEXT 2
According to a recent study, when actors take on a new character, they may be able to suppress their everyday self.
This implies that theatre training may have a big impact on the fundamental mechanisms of the human brain.
Researchers in this study worked in collaboration with Flute Theatre. They created and delivered interactive
productions of Shakespeare for autistic individuals and their families. They used a series of sensory drama games,
known as the Hunter Heartbeat Method.

The team used wearable brain imaging technologies and physiological measurement devices. They were first
introduced at UCL's Department of Biomedical Engineering. Both devices were used to evaluate the brain activity of
actors as they rehearsed scenes from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream.

The findings showed that when the actors heard their own name during the performance, their response was
suppressed in the left anterior prefrontal cortex of the brain. This is usually associated with self-awareness. The same
result was witnessed consistently in six actors who were tested when rehearsing several times over a week.
Meanwhile, when the performers were not in acting conditions, they responded normally to hearing their own name.

According to the lead researcher, this is the first time that neuroscientists have been able to record brain activity in
actors as they perform a role. We hope that this study will help us understand what theatre training does to the brain
and to build new connections between neuroscientists and theatre professionals.
(Adapted from https://www.sciencedaily.com)

6. According to Text 1, cognitive empathy or ToM ….

is an important skill for actors to supress themselves to create a new character

explores history, motivations, beliefs and values of a new character

enables actors to use several brain regions to be professional acting coach es

is a simulation implemented by actors to answer questions from others’ perspectives

deactivates an actor’s brain regions to process information contained within a script

7. The italicized word “They” in Text 2 Paragraph 1 refers to ….
actors

the fundamental mechanisms

researchers

interactive productions

autistic individuals

8. Which of the following sentences from Text 2 is an opinion?

According to a recent study, when actors take on a new character, they may be able to
suppress their everyday self.
They used a series of sensory drama games, known as the Hunter Heartbeat Method.

The findings showed that when the actors heard their own name during the performance, their
response was suppressed in the left anterior prefrontal cortex of the brain.
The same result was witnessed consistently in six actors who were tested when rehearsing
several times over a week.
We hope that this study will help us understand what theatre training does to the brain and to
build new connections between neuroscientists and theatre professionals.

9. The results of the evaluation of actors’ brain activity when performing a character can be found
in ….
Text 1 Paragraph 1 and Text 2 Paragraph 1

Text 1 Paragraph 2 and Text 2 Paragraph 3

Text 1 Paragraph 1 and Text 2 Paragraph 3

Text 1 Paragraph 2 and Text 2 Paragraph 4

Text 1 Paragraph 1 and Text 2 Paragraph 2

10. What is the relationship between Texts 1 and 2?

Text 1 argues the importance of using cognitive empathy for acting, which is criticized by Text
2.
Text 1 explains how the brain works when an actor performs a character and Text 2
compares the devices used in the study.
 Both texts explain the mechanisms of the human brain, but they focus on different
participants.

Text 1 explains that in the character-creation process, an actor suppresses their self
processing, and Text 2 further elaborates the brain mechanisms.
Texts 1 and 2 explain how creating and performing a new character using cognitive empathy
can help actors to be more professional.