Cell/ Structure
Bowman’s glands
Olfactory cells
Sustentacular/ Supporting cells
Basal cells
Brush cells
Goblet cells
Clara cells
Endothelial cells
Secretory cells (type II alveolar/
pneumocyte)
Alveolar macrophages
Cell/ Structure
Purkinje fibers
Vaso vasorum
Endothelial cells
Pericyte/ Myoid cell
Cell/ Structure
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Natural killer (NK) cells
T-helper cells
T- cytotoxic cells
Location
Olfactory epithelium
Olfactory epithelium
Olfactory epithelium
Olfactory epithelium
Olfactory epithelium
Trachea
Terminal bronchiole
(between the ciliated cells)
Alveolar wall
Alveolar wall
Alveolar wall
Location
Myocardium (specialized cardiac
muscle cells)
Penetrate tunica adventitia to connect
to tunica media
Tunica intima
Outside of capillaries
Location
Innate immune system
Innate immune system
Innate immune system
Adaptive immune system (originate in bone
marrow and migrate to mature in thymus,
end differentiation in paracortex of lymph
node)
Adaptive immune system
Function
-Secretes serous fluid that enhances ability to
detect smell
-Bipolar neurons which congregate to from CN I
-Metabolic and physical support for the olfactory
cells
-Stem cells that can become olfactory or
sustentacular
-Transduction of general sensation, nerve fibers
to CN V
-Produce mucinogen which becomes hydrated
and known as mucin
-Replace goblet cells
-Secrete glycosaminoglycans in response to
chemical irritation
-Detoxify substances
-Secretes surfactant like material and enzymes
-Form blood capillaries
-Synthesize and secrete surfactant to reduces
surface tension of alveoli
-Prevent collapse (60% Type I)
-Phagocytose particulate matter in the lumen of
the alveolus
Function
-Part of the impulse conducting system of the
heart (15-25 beats/min)
-Blood and nerve supply to the vessel
-More in veins
-Secretes angiotensin enzyme that generates
angiotensin II à regulating arterial blood
pressure and other enzymes
-Form gap junctions with the endothelial cells
-Contain proteins that regulate blood flow
Function
-Phagocytose invaders
-Phagocytose invaders
-Kill tumour cells, virally infected cells,
bacteria and parasites
-Recognition of foreign antigens as well
as mounting an immunological response
-Kill foreign cells, tumour cells and virally
altered cells
B cell
Plasma cell
Memory cells
Epithelial reticular cells
Hassall’s corpuscles
Periarterial lympathic
sheath (PALS)- central
artery- associated with
white pulp
Payer’s patches ( gut
associated lymphoid
tissue GALT)
Tonsils (mucosa
associated lymphoid
tissue- MALT)
Adaptive immune system (originate in bone -Finds an antigen which matches its
marrow and become immunocompetent in receptor
bone marrow) -Once activated by T helper cell, it splits
into plasma and memory cells
Adaptive immune system -Produce and release antibodies for the
(generated from B cells in cortex of lymph same type of invader marking them for
nodes) destruction
Adaptive immune system (generated from B -For the same invader it helps to activate
cells in cortex of lymph nodes) the immune system faster
-Greater affinity for subsequent
exposures
Thymus -Segregate cortex from medulla
-Cells do not pass between the 2 areas
without their knowledge
Medulla of thymus -Function unknown
-Grouped large pale staining cells that
increase with age
Spleen à mostly T cells, may contain B cell -Sheath of lymphocytes that infiltrate
nodules vessels from trabeculae arteries
Ileum -Lymphoid follicles that function in
surveillance or screening
Ring around the pharynx -Guard entrance to the oral pharynx
-React to antigens by forming
lymphocytes

Cell/ Structure Location Function

Serous cell -Parotid gland (30% of saliva)
-Submandibular gland (60% of saliva)
*note* submandibular is 90% serous and 10%
mucous
Mucous cell Sublingual gland (5% of saliva)
*note* sublingual secretes serous and mucous
Serous Demilunes Sublingual gland à attach to mucous producing
acini
Intercalated ducts Duct to glands à more prominent in salivary
glands having a watery secretion (parotid)
Striated ducts Duct to glands (both striated and intercalated
are intralobular ducts)
-Secrete fluid containing alpha amylase
and proline rich proteins
-Secrete mucous
-Secrete serous and mucous (mixed)
-Add bicarbonate to the saliva (buffering
function) and absorb Cl-
-Secretion of K+ and the absorption of Na+
-Secrete antibodies into saliva

Structure Location Function

Filiform papillae
Fungiform papilla
Foliate papillae
Tongue à “v-shaped” cones -Don’t contain taste buds,
-High keratinization to help scrape food
off a surface
Dorsum of the tongue àappear reddish, -Nonkeratinized
resemble a mushroom -taste buds on the dorsal aspect of their
cap
Posterolateral aspect of the tongue -Functional taste buds only in neonate
(children)
Cirumvallate papillae 8-12 in a v-shaped arrangement just -Base pierced by ducts of glands of von
anterior to the sulcus terminalis Ebner (serous)
-Epithelial lining of the groove and side
have taste buds
Auditory/ Eustachian Nasopharynx -Connects the pharynx to the middle ear
tube cavity
-Maintains pressure in middle ear cavity
Pharyngeal tonsil Nasopharynx -Specialized lymphoid tissue
Palatine tonsils Oropharynx -Belong to lymphatic system
Lingual tonsils Post surface of tongue near oropharynx -Belong to lymphatic system

Cell/ Structure Location Function

Parietal cells (oxyntic)- Stomach gastric glands à lamina
more pink propria fundus
Chief cells (zymogenic)- Stomach gastric glands à lamina
more dark purple propria fundus
Surface mucous cells Stomach gastric glands à lamina
(neck) propria fundus
Regenerative (stem) cells Stomach gastric glands à lamina
propria fundus
Diffuse neuroendocrine Stomach gastric glands à lamina
cells (DNES) propria fundus, small intestine
G cells (DNES) Stomach/ small intestine
ECL cells (DNES) Stomach/ small intestine
A cell (DNES) Stomach/ small intestine
D cell (DNES) Stomach/ small intestine
Goblet cells Small/ large intestine
Auerbach myenteric Muscularis externa à between
plexus (enteric nervous circular and longitudinal smooth
system) muscle layers
Meissner’s submucosal Submucosa
plexus (enteric nervous
system)
Crypts of Lieberkuhn Small intestine/ large intestine (no
paneth cells in large)
Brunner’s glands* Duodenum
Peyer’s patches Ilium à may see secondary follicles
with pale germinal centers
(lymphatic) surrounding them
Paneth cells Small intestine à in the lacteal or
bottom of the crypt
Surface absorptive cells Duodenum
APUD cells Large intestine/ colon
-Secrete HCl (turns pesinogen into pepsin for
digestion), gastric intrinsic factor (B12)
-Eosinophillic
-Secrete pepsinogen, gastric lipase, renin
-Secrete mucus and HCO3 mixed with the chyme
to reduce friction
-Secrete lysozyme bacteria into the pylorus
-Replace all specialized cells in the gastric pit (5-7
days)
-Manufacture endocrine, paracrine and
neurocrine hormones
-Could be closed
-Secretes gastrin which stimulates HCl secretion
and gastric motility
-Secretes histamine which stimulates HCl
secretion
-Secretes glucagon à stimulate glycogenolysis
-Secrete somatostatin
-Inhibits hormone release from other DNES cells
-Secretes mucous
-Innervation for movement (peristalsis)
-Regulates muscularis externa
-Postganglionic parasympathetic nerve cell
bodies that control motility and secretion
-Composed of DNES, surface absorptive, goblet,
regenerative and Paneth cells (central lacteal)
-Provide abundant alkaline mucus (HCO3) to
neutralize the acid from the stomach
-Secretes into crypts of Lieberkuhn
-Surveillance of microbes, virus, anything invasive
-Generates immune response within mucosa
-Protect against microbes secreting lysozyme and
TNF-α
-Digestion and absorption of H2O and nutrients
-Equivalent to DNES
Hepatocyte Liver parenchyma -Endocrine and exocrine products (bile)
-Can detoxify toxins and excrete them in bile
-Synthesize enzyme
-Store lipids and glycogen,vitamins (A, B12, D)
-Modifies IgA for bile etc
Classic lobule Liver -Has 6 borders with a central vein that will
connect to hepatic vein
Portal area/ lobule Between 3 classic lobules -Houses tributes of hepatic artery, portal vein
(exocrine path) and bile canaliculi
-Brings blood with oxygen and nutrients to
hepatocyte and bile out to duct
Hepatic Acinus (kite Liver (each angle on hepatic artery -Blood flow from the outer area toward the
shaped) or central vein) central vein
Kupffer cells Endothelial cells of liver, space of -Derived from monocytes and phagocytose
disse* foreign particles in the blood
Islets/ Island of Pancreas, among exocrine -Alpha cells produce glucagon (20%)
Langerhans secretory acini -Beta cells produce insulin (75%)
-PP cells produce pancreatic polypeptide
-G cells produce gastrin
-Delta cells produce somatostatin to activate
DNES cells (5% of endocrine)

Cell/Structure Location Function

Renal corpuscle Kidney cortex à continuous with the -Holds the glomerulus which contacts the
visceral (glomerular epithelium) visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule
Mesangial cells Extraglomerular at the vascular pole (space -Physical support and phagocyte function
bounded by afferent arteriole) -Contractile function b/c of receptors for
Intraglomerular within the renal corpsucle vasoconstrictors (angiotensin)
Podocytes Glomeruli -Build the visceral epithelium of
glomerular capsule
-Maintain the slits for filtration
Proximal convoluted First part of renal tubule -Absorption of organic nutrients and
tubule (pars recta is plasma proteins (60% Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+,
straight) Mg2+, HCO3-, phosphate, sulfate, H2O)
Limbs of Henle’s loop Cortex and medulla of kidney -Descending limb highly permeable to
water and reasonably to urea and ions
-Ascending limb is moderately permeable
to water
Distal convoluted Continuation of ascending (thick) limb of -Impermeable to water but in response to
tubule (pars recta is henle aldosterone can reabsorb Na+, Cl-
straight) -Can secrete ions, acids, small material
Macula Densa (part of Distal convoluted tubule -Act as chemoreceptors
JG apparatus)
JG (juxtaglomerular Tunica media of afferent and occasionally -House the proteolytic enzyme renin;
cells) efferent glomerular arterioles -Intimate connection with macula densa
cells

Cell Location Function

Sertoli cells Seminiferous epithelium (basal -Support developing spermatogenic cells
lamina to the lumen) -Establish the blood-testis barrier,
-Phagocytosis of cytoplasm

Leydig cells Seminiferous tubules à tunica
vasculosa
Spermatogonia (diploid Basal compartment
cells)
Spermatocyte Adluminal compartment
Spermatid (haploid cells) Adluminal compartment
Spermatozoa Adluminal area (lumen)
Seminal vesicles Near ampulla of vas deferens
posterior to prostate
Prostate gland Surrounds portion of the urethra
(secretions regulated by
dihydrotestosterone à 25% of
sperm fluid)
Cowper (Bulbourethral) Attached to urethra (during
Glands ejaculation precedes the remainder
of the semen)
-Manufacture proteins and a fructose rich
medium
-Secrete testosterone
-Form stem cells which will proceed through
spermatogenesis
-Shed cytoplasm, rearrange organelles and
form flagella to become spermatozoa
(spermiogenesis)
-Mature and make babies
-Contribute 60-70% to ejaculation
-Contains fructose (energy), lipochrome
pigment (yellowish)
-Secretes serous fluid with lipids, proteolytic
enzymes, acid phosphatase, fibrinolysin, and
citric acid into the urethra
-Making sure to have neutral pH
-Secreting lubricating solution directly into
urethra
-Neutralize pH of urine (urine is alkaline)

Cell Location Function (Sorta)

Primordial follicle
Primary follicle (oocyte)
Secondary follicle
Graafian (Mature) Follicle
Granulosa Cells
Corpus Luteum (yellow bodies)
Fallopian tube (oviduct)
Peg cells
Ovaries
Ovaries
Ovaries
Ovaries
Ovaries
Ovaries à Remnants of the
graafian follicle
Infundibulum narrowing
Ampulla enlargement
(fertilization)
Istmus and intramural
(entrance to uterus)
Mucousal layer of oviduct
-Single layer of flat follicular (granulosa) cell
-Separated by stroma by basement membrane
-Have desmosomes
-Cuboidal follicular cells
-1 to many layers with gap junctions
-Zona pellucida appears
-Theca folliculi (from stroma cells)
-Theca interna: estradiol precursor, LH & FSH
receptors
-Start to see antrum or follicular space
-Liquor folliculi inside
-Large transparent antral cavity
-Membrana granulosa
-Cumulus oophorus (bridge)
-Corona radiate (around oocyte)
-Secrete estrogen and progesterone
-Receptors for LH, follicular liquor
-Temporary endocrine gland that manufactures
hormones that support uterine endometrium
-Conduit for oocyte from ovaries to the uterus
-Resting secretory cells that nourish the oocyte
and early embryo
Cell Location Function
Follicular cell Thyroid (T3 -10% more potent than T4 - -Contains TSH receptors
90%, steroidal type hormones) -Synthesize thyroglobulin & secretes it
to the follicular lumen
-Take up Iodine from blood and transfer
it to the follicular lumen
Parafollicular cell Thyroid à basement membrane of follicle, -Secrete calcitonin à inhibits bone
adjacent to follicle* resorption by osteoclasts thereby
decreasing blood calcium
Colloid Lumen of follicle -Stores the hormones
Chief Cells Parathyroid gland -Synthesize PTH which stimulates
osteoclastic bone resorption
-Intestinal calcium uptake and calcium
resorption in the kidneys à higher
blood calcium
Oxygenic Cells (more pink) Parathyroid gland -Cytoplasm is strongly acidophilic
-Nucleus is small and uniformly intense
basophilic
-Lots of mitochondria àmay be an
inactive intermediate
Zona Glomerulosa Adrenal gland Cortex -Cells secrete aldosterone à acts on the
kidney and increases reabsorption of
sodium, adjusts water and changes BP
Zona fasiculata Adrenal gland cortex (70% of cortex, cells -Lipids that correspond to production of
in columns) cortisol
-Increases glucose levels in blood in
response to stress
-Prevents substances that cause
inflammation in the body
Zona reticularis Adrenal gland cortex -Secrete androgenic steroids that are
converted to androgens and estrogens
Medulla Medulla of adrenal gland (cells originated -Secrete catecholamine hormones à
in neuroectoderm à chromaffin cells) “fight or flight” (adrenaline,
noreadrenaline, opioids, substance P)