Data-Distribution Service (DDS)

– the IIoT Connectivity Standard

Gerardo Pardo, Ph.D.
Co-Chair DDS SIG
December 2017 Copyright © 2017 OMG. All rights reserved. 1
 Outline

•Understanding Connectivity
•Understanding DDS
•Solving IIOT Problems with DDS
 Using Connectivity Middleware for
Application Development

Application Application Application

Middleware Middleware Middleware

Operating Operating Operating

System System System
Network
 IIoT Connectivity Stack Model
Participant X Participant Y

Semantic
Distributed Data Distributed Data
Information
Interoperability and Management
Information (Data in Context) Interoperability
Interoperability and Management
(data context)

Syntactic
Framework Data (State, Events, Streams) Framework Interoperability
(data structures)
Connectivity
Technical
IICF Focus Transport Messages Transport Interoperability
(bytes)

Network Packets Network

Networking

Link Frames Link

Physical Bits Physical

 Connectivity Transport Layer
Distributed Data Interoperability & Management

Framework

Transport

Connectivity Messaging Protocol

Transport Technical
Functions Interoperability

Communication Modes

Endpoint Timing &

Connectedness Prioritization Security
Addressing Synchronization

Network

Link

Physical
 Connectivity Framework Layer
Distributed Data Interoperability & Management

Framework

API Governance

Connectivity Syntactic
Publish-Subscribe Request-Reply Discovery Exception Handling
Framework Interoperability
Functions
Quality
Data Resource Model
of Security
Service

State
Id and Addressing Data Type System Lifecycle (CRUD)
Management

Transport

Network

Link

Physical
 Connectivity Standards
Energy &
… Healthcare Manufacturing Transportation …
Utilities

Distributed Data Telecommunications Origin Manufacturing Origin

Interoperability and Management

DDS oneM2M Web OPC-UA

Framework
Services

DDSI-RTPS CoAP MQTT HTTP OPC-UA Bin

Transport
TCP UDP TCP

Network Internet Protocol (IP)

Link TSN / Wireless

Wireless Wireless Wireless
Ethernet LAN
PAN 2G/3G/LTE Wide Area
(802.1, (802.11 Wi-
(802.15) (3GPP) (802.16)
Physical 802.3) Fi)
 Complexity of the Application Code
Application
Application
Id and Addressing Quality of
Discovery
Service Application
Connectivity Framework
State Data Type Data Resource
Management System Discovery Id and Addressing Quality of
Model
Service

State Data Type Data Resource

Management System Model
Middleware

Connectivity Transport Connectivity Transport

Operating System Operating Operating System

System

Network
 Understanding the DDS
Connectivity Framework

Powerful abstractions to build

highly modular, robust, and
secure real-world systems

December 7, 2017
 DDS is Different!
Point-to-Point Client/Server Publish/Subscribe Queuing Data-Centric

Shared Data
Brokered Model
ESB
Daemon DataBus

MQTT Fieldbus
TCP AMQP DDS
XMPP CANbus
Sockets Active MQ
OPC ZeroMQ
CORBA JMS
 Layered Databus Architecture
• Cloud:
• Datacenter
• Elasticity, Provisioning,
Mediated

Cloud
Bridged/

Management, Analytics
• Fog:
• Distributed computing
Peer to Peer • Processing “close to the
Fog Fog Fog edge”
• Latency, Robustness,
availability
• Edge:
Edge Edge Edge Edge • Locality
• Information Scoping

©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

Confidential.
 DDS Model: Virtual Global Data Space
QoS
Topic A
DDS DOMAIN
Topic B : “Turbine State” QoS

Source (Key) Speed Power Phase

WPT1 37.4 122.0 -12.20

WPT2 10.7 74.0 -12.23

WPTN 50.2 150.07 -11.98

QoS QoS
Topic C Topic D

CRUD operations
Persistence Recording
Service Service
 Data-Centric Communications Model
Domain Domain
Writer Reader
New Participant Participant
“Alarm” Got new “Alarm”
subscriber!
data

Offered Requested
Listener Listener
QoS QoS
“Alarm” Topic
Topic2
Topic2
• Participants scope the global data space (domain)
• Topics define the data-objects (collections of subjects)
Request <= Offered
• DataWriters publish data on Topics
• DataReaders subscribe to data on Topics QoS compatibility
• QoS Policies are used configure the system checking and run-time
Listeners7,are
• December used to notify the application of events
2017 Copyright © 2016 OMG. All rights reserved.
monitoring 13
 Request vs Offered Examples
Result

• DW offers DEADLINE of 10ms Compatible:

20 ms “less” 10 ms
• DR requests DEADLINE of 20ms

• DW offers RELIABILITY kind RELIABLE Compatible:

BEST_EFFORT “less” RELIABLE
• DR requests RELIABILITY BEST_EFFORT

• DW offers LIVELINESS kind AUTOMATIC Not Compatible:

MANUAL “more” AUTOMATIC
• DR requests LIVELINESS kind MANUAL
14
 QoS Policy QoS Policy

User QoS
DURABILITY USER DATA
Cache

HISTORY TOPIC DATA

LIFESPAN GROUP DATA

Presentation
WRITER DATA LIFECYCLE PARTITION
Resources

READER DATA LIFECYCLE PRESENTATION

ENTITY FACTORY DESTINATION ORDER

Availability
RESOURCE LIMITS OWNERSHIP

RELIABILITY OWNERSHIP STRENGTH

Delivery

TIME BASED FILTER LIVELINESS

Transport
DEADLINE LATENCY BUDGET

CONTENT FILTERS TRANSPORT PRIORITY

 Handling Highly Heterogeneous systems

• How to handle vast differences in speed? ✔

• Use Time-Based Filters
• Leverage Data Cache in Reader and Writer
• How manage big differences on data needs and volumes ✔
• Select only needed Topics
• Use Partitions
• Use Content Filtered Topics
• How to handle various network transports? ✔
• DDS mechanisms are independent of the network transport

16
DDS Standard family
Application
DDS-C++ DDS-JAVA DDS-IDL-C DDS-IDL-C#

DDS-SECURITY
DDS-XTYPES

DDS v 1.4
DDS-RPC

IDL 4.0
DDS-WEB

RTPS v2.2

HTTP/s UDP TCP* DTLS TLS

TSN
IP SHARED-MEMORY

Ethernet
 RTPS Wire Protocol

Highly Scalable
Brokerless
RTPS
Transport-Independent Application

DDS API

DDS Implementation
• Peer to peer no brokers or servers
• Qos Aware & Reliable best efforts top reliable independent of transport, even over multicast!
• Any size data automatic fragmentation & reassembly. Smart (fragment) repairs DDSI-RTPS Protocol
• Automatic Discovery and Presence plug & play. No need to configure discovery services
• Decoupled start applications in any order allow readers without writers and vice-versa
• Redundant supports multi path and multiple networks. Automatically discards duplicates
• High performance native “wire” speeds UDP/TCP/IP/Etc.
• Scalable no need to maintain N^2 network connections
 DDS Security Standard

• DDS entities are authenticated

• DDS enforces access control for
domains/Topics/…
• DDS maintains data integrity and
confidentiality
• DDS enforces non-repudiation
• DDS provides availability through
reliable access to data

…while maintaining DDS interoperability & high performance

 DDS to OPCUA Bridge
DDS
App

OPCUA
Client
OPCUA-DDS DDS DDS
Gateway (RTPS) App
OPC UA RTPS RTPS
Server
DDS
• Existing: OPC UA Server on controller App

• Existing: OPC UA Client applications

• Existing: DDS App
• New: OPCUA-DDS Gateway– Maps “operations” on OPCUA to DDS

NOTE: OPC foundation also working on a “Pub-Sub” mechanism for OPCUA.

Plan is to make “DDS” one of the 3 supported “communication” models for pub-sub.
DDS-WEB Standard

Operational
Data

DDS/
RTPS Connectivity Core Standards
HTTP/
HTTPS
DDS-WEB
Web Enabled
Service
DDS Enabled
Web
DDS

GUARD
Solving IIOT problems
with DDS
 DDS is broadly used across the IIoT

Real World Systems in:

– Healthcare
– Transportation
– Communications
– Energy
– Industrial
– Defense
 North America Largest Power Generator

• DDS controls the 6.8 GW GC Dam • DDS met the challenges

• Extreme availability
• Largest power plant in North America • Wide area communications
• Fastest-responding major power source • Multi-level routing
on the Western Grid • High security
• 300k data values
• Requires 24x7 operation
• Live since Jan 2014
Siemens Wind Power Distributed Control

• Wind turbine farms can include 500

turbines, 100m blades
• Gust control across the array
requires fast communications with
dynamic, selective filtering
• DDS enables large, distributed
intelligent machines
 Largest Single-System SCADA

• The NASA KSC launch

control claims to be the
world’s largest single-
system SCADA
• It combines 300k points, at
400k msgs/sec
• RTI Connext DDS powers
launch control, in-flight
monitoring, UAV reentry-
tracking ground station,
and the recovery ship
 The Industrial IoT Disruption
You don’t compete against competitors.
You compete against market transitions.
– John Chambers

The real value is a common architecture that

connects sensor to cloud, interoperates
between vendors, and spans industries
 What’s the Disruption?

Software is eating the world

-- Andreessen Horowitz
Silicon Valley VC ©2017 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Thank You!
http://www.omg.org/dds/