REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY

Main Campus
College of Engineering and Architecture
SY 2021-2022

Vision: A premier Science & Technology university for the formation of a world-class and virtuous human resource for
sustainable development in the Bohol and country.

Mission: Committed to provide quality and innovative education in strategic sectors for the development of Bohol and the
country

Name: Ezriel Jon Saludo

Program: BSME 3A

Course: ME 321 – Refrigeration Systems

QUIZ 2F – MULTI PRESSURE SYSTEMS

1. Fluid: Ammonia (R717); 2-stage compression with flash intercooling

𝑇𝑒 = −30°𝐶 (𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟); 𝑃𝑒 = 1.1990 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 119.9 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑐 = 37°𝐶 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟); 𝑃𝑐 = 14.314 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1431.4 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑄𝐿 = 150 𝑘𝑊

𝑊̇𝑖𝑛 = 𝑊̇𝑖𝑛,1 + 𝑊̇𝑖𝑛,2 = 𝑚̇1 (ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) + 𝑚̇2 (ℎ4 − ℎ3 ) 𝑇𝑐 + 273

𝑄𝐿 = 𝑚̇1 (ℎ1 − ℎ7 ) 𝑃𝑖 = √𝑃𝑐 𝑃𝑒 ( ) ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑇 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 °𝐶
𝑇𝑒 + 273
𝑄𝐿
𝑚̇1 =
(ℎ1 − ℎ7 )
273 + 37
𝑚̇1 ℎ2 + (𝑚̇2 − 𝑚̇1 )ℎ6 = 𝑚̇2 ℎ3 𝑃𝑖 = √(1431.4 𝑘𝑃𝑎)(119.9 𝑘𝑃𝑎) ( )
273 − 30

𝑚̇1 (ℎ2 − ℎ6 ) = 𝑚̇2 (ℎ3 − ℎ6 ) = 467.9159055 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑚̇1 (ℎ2 − ℎ6 ) 𝑇𝑖 = 𝑇@𝑃𝑖 = 2.253813978°𝐶
𝑚̇2 =
(ℎ3 − ℎ6 )
Point 1,

𝑇1 = 𝑇𝑒 = −30°𝐶
𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡@−30°𝐶 = 1.1990 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 119.9 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (From Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning by CP Arora)
 𝑘𝐽
ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔@119.9 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 1422.8
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
𝑠1 = 𝑠𝑔@−30°𝐶 = 6.0636
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾

Point 2,

𝑃2 = 𝑃𝑖 = 467.9159055 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 4.679 𝑏𝑎𝑟

𝑘𝐽
𝑠2 = 𝑠1 = 6.0636
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
𝑘𝐽
𝑠𝑔@𝑇𝑖 = 5.5896 ; 𝑠2 > 𝑠𝑔 (𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 )
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾

From Table B.7.2 for superheated R717 vapour

𝟓𝟎°𝐂 𝟏𝟎𝟎°𝐂
𝐓𝐬𝐚𝐭 (°𝐂) Psat (bar) kJ kJ kJ kJ
h( ) s( ) h( ) s( )
kg kg. K kg kg. K
𝟎 4.29 1586 6.036 1702 6.370
𝟐. 𝟐𝟓 4.679 1589.578474 6.008266826 1706.025783 6.341819517
𝟓 5.16 1594 5.974 1711 6.307

@𝐏 = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟕𝟗 𝐛𝐚𝐫, 𝐓 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟓°𝐂

Temperature kJ kJ
(°𝐂) h ( ) s( )
kg kg. K
𝟓𝟎 1589.578474 6.008266826
𝟓𝟖. 𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟓𝟏𝟕𝟕𝟏 1608.895959 6.0636
𝟏𝟎𝟎 1706.025783 6.341819517

𝑇𝑠 (𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

𝑇2 = 𝑇𝑖 + 𝑇𝑠 = 2.253813978°𝐶 + 58.29451771°𝐶 = 60.54833169°𝐶

𝑘𝐽
ℎ2 = 1608.895959
𝑘𝑔

Point 3, Point 4,

𝑇3 = 2.253813978°𝐶 𝑃4 = 14.314 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1431.4 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑃3 = 467.9159055 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 4.679159055 𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
ℎ3 = ℎ𝑔@𝑃3 = 1464.053814 𝑠4 = 𝑠3 = 5.589727325
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑠3 = 𝑠𝑔@𝑇3 = 5.589727325 𝑠𝑔@𝑃4 = 5.1874 ; 𝑠 > 𝑠𝑔 (𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 )
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 4

𝟓𝟎°𝐂 𝟏𝟎𝟎°𝐂
𝐓𝐬𝐚𝐭 (°𝐂) Psat (bar) kJ kJ kJ kJ
h( ) s( ) h( ) s( )
kg kg. K kg kg. K
𝟑𝟓 13.5 1634 5.648 1762 5.982
𝟑𝟕 14.314 1636.4 5.6294 1765.2 5.9632
 𝟒𝟎 15.54 1640 5.6015 1770 5.935
*Typo at sTsat=45°C = 6.601 (50°C degree of superheat of vapour) from the book, Table B.7.2 (page 877). Corrected to s = 5.6015°C

@𝐏 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝐛𝐚𝐫, 𝐓 = 𝟑𝟕°𝐂

Temperature kJ kJ
(°𝐂) h( ) s( )
kg kg. K
𝟓𝟎 1636.4 5.6294
𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟓𝟕𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟔 1621.09191 5.589727325
𝟏𝟎𝟎 1765.2 5.9632

𝑇𝑠 (𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

𝑇4 = 𝑇𝑐 + 𝑇𝑠 = 37°𝐶 + 44.05741836°𝐶 = 81.05741836°𝐶

𝑘𝐽
ℎ4 = 1621.09191
𝑘𝑔

Point 5,

𝑃5 = 14.314 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1431.4 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑚̇1 (ℎ2 − ℎ6 )

𝑘𝐽 𝑚̇2 =
(ℎ 3 − ℎ6 )
ℎ5 = ℎ𝑓@14.314 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 357.9
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
0.1408582966 (1608.895959 − 357.9)
𝑠 𝑘𝑔
ℎ5 = ℎ6 = ℎ 7 =
𝑘𝐽
(1464.053814 − 357.9)
𝑘𝑔
1 𝑘𝐽/𝑠
𝑄𝐿 150 𝑘𝑊 ( 1 𝑘𝑊 ) 𝑘𝑔
𝑚̇1 = = = 0.159302583
(ℎ1 − ℎ7 ) ( 𝑘𝐽 𝑠
1422.8 − 357.9) 𝑘𝑔
𝑊̇𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚̇1 (ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) + 𝑚̇2 (ℎ4 − ℎ3 )
𝑘𝑔
= 0.1408582966 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑠
𝑊̇𝑖𝑛 = 0.14 (1608.895959 − 1422.8)
𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑔
+ 0.1593 (1621.09191
𝑠
𝑘𝐽
− 1464.053814)
𝑘𝑔
𝑾̇𝒊𝒏 = 𝟓𝟏. 𝟐𝟑 𝒌𝑾

2. Fluid: Ammonia (R717); Multi-Evaporator VCR Systems

𝑇𝑒,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ = −6°𝐶; 𝑄𝐿,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ = 5 𝑇𝑅 = 17.5843 𝑘𝑊 (ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 )
𝑇𝑒,𝑙𝑜𝑤 = −34°𝐶; 𝑄𝐿,𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 10 𝑇𝑅 = 35.1685 𝑘𝑊 (𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 )
𝑃𝑐 = 10.99 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1099 𝑘𝑃𝑎

*Individual expansion valves for each evaporator

*Assuming saturated conditions at the exit of evaporators (ℎ7 = ℎ𝑔@𝑃𝑒,𝑙𝑜𝑤 , ℎ6 = ℎ𝑔@𝑃𝑒,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ ) and condenser
(ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓@𝑃𝑐 ), and isentropic compression (𝑠1 = 𝑠2 ).
a.) 𝑾𝒊𝒏 and 𝑪𝑶𝑷 (single compressor is used)

𝑊𝑖𝑛 = (𝑚𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 + 𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 )(ℎ2 − ℎ1 )

𝑄𝐿,𝑙𝑜𝑤
𝑄𝐿,𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑚𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 (ℎ7 − ℎ5 ) ⟶ 𝑚𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 =
(ℎ7 − ℎ5 )
𝑄𝐿,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ
𝑄𝐿,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ = 𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 (ℎ6 − ℎ4 ) ⟶ 𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 =
(ℎ6 − ℎ4 )

The enthalpy of the vapour mixture entering the compressor is,

𝑚1 ℎ1 = 𝑚6 ℎ6 + 𝑚7 ℎ7

𝑚6 = 𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝
𝑚7 = 𝑚𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝
𝑚1 = 𝑚𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 + 𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝

𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 ℎ6 + 𝑚𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 ℎ7

ℎ1 =
𝑚𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 + 𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝

𝑃7 = 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡@𝑇=−34°𝐶 = 0.98772 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 98.772 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝐽
ℎ7 = ℎ𝑔@0.98772 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1416.72
𝑘𝑔

𝑃6 = 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡@𝑇=−6°𝐶 = 3.4207 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 342.07 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝐽
ℎ6 = ℎ𝑔@3.4207 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1455.0
𝑘𝑔
ℎ8 = ℎ6

𝑃3 = 𝑃𝑐 = 10.99 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1099 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑇3 = 27.94801223 °𝐶
𝑘𝐽
ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓@10.99 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 331.8504587
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
𝑠3 = 𝑠𝑓@27.948°𝐶 = 1.455178593
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
 ℎ 3 = ℎ4 = ℎ5
3.51685 𝑘𝑊
10 𝑇𝑅 ( ) 𝑘𝑔
𝑚𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 = 1 𝑇𝑅 = 0.03241726186
𝑘𝐽 𝑠
(1416.72 − 331.8504587)
𝑘𝑔

3.51685 𝑘𝑊
5 𝑇𝑅 ( ) 𝑘𝑔
𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 = 1 𝑇𝑅 = 0.01565619657
𝑘𝐽 𝑠
(1455.0 − 331.8504587)
𝑘𝑔

𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 ℎ6 + 𝑚𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 ℎ7

ℎ1 =
𝑚𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 + 𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
(0.0156 𝑠 ) (1455.0 𝑘𝑔) + (0.0324 𝑠 ) (1416.72 𝑘𝑔) 𝑘𝐽
ℎ1 = = 1429.186738
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
(0.0324 + 0.0156)
𝑠
𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝑔@0.98772 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1416.72
𝑘𝑔

ℎ1 > ℎ𝑔 (𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑)

To find ℎ2 , ℎ2 = ℎ@𝑠2=𝑠1

From superheated table,

𝟓𝟎°𝐂 𝟏𝟎𝟎°𝐂
𝐓𝐬𝐚𝐭 (°𝐂) Psat (bar) kJ kJ kJ kJ
h( ) s( ) h( ) s( )
kg kg. K kg kg. K
−𝟑𝟓 0.932 1526 6.572 1634 6.919
−𝟑𝟒 0.98772 1527.899545 6.553215606 1636.110606 6.899582424
−𝟑𝟎 1.196 1535 6.483 1644 6.827

@𝐏 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟖𝟕𝟕𝟐 𝐛𝐚𝐫
Temperature kJ kJ
(°𝐂) h( ) s( )
kg kg. K
𝟓𝟎 1527.899545 6.553215606
4.388762993 1429.186738 6.237251225
𝟏𝟎𝟎 1636.110606 6.899582424
𝑘𝐽
𝑠2 = 𝑠1 = 6.237251225
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾

𝑃2 = 𝑃𝑐 = 10.99 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1099 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝐽
𝑠𝑔@10.99 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 5.284871865
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾

𝑠2 > 𝑠𝑔 (𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑)
From superheated table,

𝟓𝟎°𝐂 𝟏𝟎𝟎°𝐂
𝐓𝐬𝐚𝐭 (°𝐂) Psat (bar) kJ kJ kJ kJ
h( ) s( ) h( ) s( )
kg kg. K kg kg. K
𝟐𝟓 10.01 1622 5.748 1746 6.080
𝟐𝟕. 𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟑 10.99 1625.542169 5.717891566 1750.722892 6.050481928
𝟑𝟎 11.67 1628 5.697 1754 6.030

@𝐏 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟗𝟗 𝐛𝐚𝐫
Temperature kJ kJ
(°𝐂) h( ) s( )
kg kg. K
𝟓𝟎 1625.542169 5.717891566
128 1821.019324 6.237251225
𝟏𝟎𝟎 1750.722892 6.050481928
kJ
ℎ2 = 1821.019324
kg

𝑊𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚1 (ℎ2 − ℎ1 )
𝑘𝑔 kJ
𝑊𝑖𝑛 = (0.03241726186 + 0.01565619657) (1821.019324 − 1429.186738)
𝑠 kg

𝑾𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟖𝟑𝟔𝟕𝟒𝟕𝟓𝟐 𝒌𝑾

𝑄𝐿,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 17.5843 + 35.1685
𝑪𝑶𝑷 = = = 𝟐. 𝟖
𝑊𝑖𝑛 18.83674752

𝒃. ) 𝑾𝒊𝒏 and 𝑪𝑶𝑷 (individual compressor are used for both stage)

*Individual expansion valves for each evaporator

*Assuming saturated conditions at the exit of evaporators (ℎ3 = ℎ𝑔@𝑃𝑒,𝑙𝑜𝑤 , ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔@𝑃𝑒,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ ) and condenser
(ℎ6 = ℎ𝑓@𝑃𝑐 ), and isentropic compression (𝑠1 = 𝑠2 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠3 = 𝑠4 ).

𝑾𝒊𝒏 = 𝒎𝟏 (𝒉𝟐 − 𝒉𝟏 ) + 𝒎𝟐 (𝒉𝟒 − 𝒉𝟑 )

 𝑄𝐿,𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑘𝐽
𝑚1 = 𝑚𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 = ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔@3.4207 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1455.0
(ℎ3 − ℎ8 ) 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
= 0.03241726186 𝑠1 = 𝑠𝑔@−6°𝐶 = 5.6993
𝑠 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
𝑄𝐿,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑠2 = 𝑠1
𝑚2 = 𝑚ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 =
(ℎ1 − ℎ7 )
𝑘𝑔 ℎ2 = ℎ@𝑠2=𝑠1
= 0.01565619657 𝑘𝐽
𝑠 𝑠𝑔@10.99 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 5.284871865
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡@𝑇=−6°𝐶 = 3.4207 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 342.07 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑠2 > 𝑠𝑔 (𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑)

From superheated table,

𝟓𝟎°𝐂 𝟏𝟎𝟎°𝐂
𝐓𝐬𝐚𝐭 (°𝐂) Psat (bar) kJ kJ kJ kJ
h( ) s( ) h( ) s( )
kg kg. K kg kg. K
𝟐𝟓 10.01 1622 5.748 1746 6.080
𝟐𝟕. 𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟑 10.99 1625.542169 5.717891566 1750.722892 6.050481928
𝟑𝟎 11.67 1628 5.697 1754 6.030

@𝐏 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟗𝟗 𝐛𝐚𝐫
Temperature kJ kJ
(°𝐂) h( ) s( )
kg kg. K
𝟓𝟎 1625.542169 5.717891566
49.846 1625.157521 5.6993
𝟏𝟎𝟎 1750.722892 6.050481928

kJ 𝑠4 = 𝑠3
ℎ2 = 1625.157521
kg
ℎ4 = ℎ@𝑠4=𝑠3
𝑃3 = 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡@𝑇=−34°𝐶 = 0.98772 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 98.772 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑘𝐽
𝑘𝐽 𝑠𝑔@10.99 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 5.284871865
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
ℎ3 = ℎ𝑔@0.98772 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 1416.72
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽 𝑠4 > 𝑠𝑔 (𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 )
𝑠3 = 𝑠𝑔@−34°𝐶 = 6.1328
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾

From superheated table,

𝟓𝟎°𝐂 𝟏𝟎𝟎°𝐂
𝐓𝐬𝐚𝐭 (°𝐂) Psat (bar) kJ kJ kJ kJ
h( ) s( ) h( ) s( )
kg kg. K kg kg. K
𝟐𝟓 10.01 1622 5.748 1746 6.080
𝟐𝟕. 𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟑 10.99 1625.542169 5.717891566 1750.722892 6.050481928
𝟑𝟎 11.67 1628 5.697 1754 6.030

@𝐏 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟗𝟗 𝐛𝐚𝐫
Temperature kJ kJ
(°𝐂) h( ) s( )
kg kg. K
𝟓𝟎 1625.542169 5.717891566
1781.705858 6.1328
 𝟏𝟎𝟎 1750.722892 6.050481928
kJ
ℎ4 = 1781.705858
kg

𝑊𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚1 (ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) + 𝑚2 (ℎ4 − ℎ3 )

𝑊𝑖𝑛 = 0.0324(1625.157521 − 1455.0) + 0.015656(1781.705858 − 1416.72)
𝑾𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟑 𝒌𝑾
𝑄𝐿,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 17.5843 + 35.1685
𝑪𝑶𝑷 = = = 𝟒. 𝟔𝟗𝟕
𝑊𝑖𝑛 11.23

3. Cascade Refrigeration System

ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑅12

ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟 = 𝑇𝑐,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ = 313 𝐾 (40°𝐶 )
ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑇𝑒,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ (𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑒)

𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑅13

𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑇𝑒,𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 213 𝐾 (−60°𝐶 )
𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟 = 𝑇𝑐,𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 5 𝐾 + 𝑇𝑒,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ (𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑒)

𝑇𝑒,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ ≤ 𝑇𝑐,𝑙𝑜𝑤

For optimum coupling -temperature,

𝑇𝑒,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ = √𝑇𝑐,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ × 𝑇𝑒,𝑙𝑜𝑤

𝑇𝑒,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ = √313𝐾 × 213𝐾 = 258.2034082 𝐾 = −14.7965918°𝐶

𝑇𝑐,𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 5 𝐾 + 𝑇𝑒,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ = 263.2034082 𝐾 = −9.7965918°𝐶

For 𝑅 13, (from 1997 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, page 19.7)

𝑇1 = −60°𝐶, 𝑃1 = 0.2818 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 281.8 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
ℎ1 = 274.37 𝑠1 = 𝑠2 = 1.3909
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
𝑠 −𝑠 ′
( 1 2 )
𝐶𝑝𝑔
𝑇2 = 𝑒 × 𝑇2′ , 𝑃2 = 𝑃3 = 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡@𝑇=−9.7965918°𝐶 = 1.528722804 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 1528.722804 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑐𝑝𝑔@𝑃2 = 0.89854 𝑠1 = 𝑠2 = 1.3909
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
𝑘𝐽
𝑠2′ = 𝑠𝑔@𝑃2 = 1.334876
𝑇2′ = 𝑇3 = 263.2034082 𝐾 = −9.7965918°𝐶 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
𝑘𝐽
ℎ2′ = ℎ𝑔@1.528 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 287.5933919
𝑘𝑔
ℎ2 = ℎ2′ + 𝑐𝑝𝑔 Δ𝑇 = ℎ2′ + 𝑐𝑝𝑔 (𝑇2 − 𝑇2 ′)

1.3909−1.334876
𝑇2 = 𝑒 ( )
0.89854 × 263.2034082 = 280.1364774 𝐾
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
ℎ2 = 287.5933919 + 0.89854 (280.1364774 − 263.2034082)𝐾 = 302.8084319
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
ℎ3 = ℎ4 = ℎ𝑓@1.52𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 188.5210333
𝑘𝑔

For 𝑅 12, (from 2021 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, page 30.3)

𝑇5 = 𝑇8 = −14.7965918°𝐶, 𝑃5 = 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡@𝑇5 = 0.1837911417 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 183.7911417 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
ℎ5 = ℎ𝑔@0.183 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 346.0735678 𝑠5 = 𝑠6 = 1.567217785
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾
𝑠 −𝑠 ′
( 6 6 )
𝐶𝑝𝑔
𝑇6 = 𝑒 × 𝑇6′ , 𝑃6 = 𝑃7 = 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡@𝑇=40°𝐶 = 0.95882 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 958.82 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑐𝑝𝑔@𝑃6 = 0.759 𝑠6′ = 𝑠𝑔@𝑃6 = 1.5465
𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾

𝑇6′ = 𝑇7 = 313 𝐾 = 40°𝐶

𝑘𝐽
ℎ6′ = ℎ𝑔@ 0.95882 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 368.96
𝑘𝑔
ℎ6 = ℎ6′ + 𝑐𝑝𝑔 Δ𝑇 = ℎ6′ + 𝑐𝑝𝑔 (𝑇6 − 𝑇6 ′)

1.567217785−1.5465
𝑇6 = 𝑒 ( )
0.89854 × 313 = 320.3 𝐾
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
ℎ6 = 368.96 + 0.759 (320.3 − 313)𝐾 = 374.5
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔. 𝐾 𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝐽
ℎ7 = ℎ8 = ℎ𝑓@𝑃=𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡@𝑇=40°𝐶 = 239.22
𝑘𝑔
 𝑄𝐻,𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑄𝐿,ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ
𝑚𝑅13 (ℎ2 − ℎ3 ) = 𝑚𝑅12 (ℎ5 − ℎ8 )
𝑚𝑅12 (ℎ2 − ℎ3 ) 302.8084319 − 188.5210333
= = = 1.069570263
𝑚𝑅13 ( ℎ5 − ℎ8 ) 346.0735678 − 239.22

𝑄𝐿,𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑚𝑅13 (ℎ1 − ℎ4 ) (ℎ1 − ℎ4 )

𝐶𝑂𝑃 = = =
𝑊𝑖𝑛,𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑅13 (ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) + 𝑚𝑅12 (ℎ6 − ℎ5 ) (ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) + 1.069570263(ℎ6 − ℎ5 )

(274.37 − 188.5210333)
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
(302.8084319 − 274.37) + 1.069570263(374.5 − 346.0735678)

a.) 𝑪𝑶𝑷 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝟖𝟗𝟔

b.)

Pressure ratios,
R13 R12
𝑃2 1528.722804 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑃6 958.82 𝑘𝑃𝑎
= = 𝟓. 𝟒𝟐 = = 𝟓. 𝟐𝟐
𝑃1 281.8 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑃5 183.7911417 𝑘𝑃𝑎

c.)
𝒌𝒈𝑹𝟏𝟑
𝒎̇𝑹𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑
𝒌𝒈𝑹𝟏𝟐
𝒌𝒈𝑹𝟏𝟐
𝒎̇𝑹𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖𝟎𝟕
𝒌𝒈𝑹𝟏𝟑
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑄𝐿.𝑙𝑜𝑤 = ℎ1 − ℎ4 = (274.37 − 188.5210333) = 85.8489667
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑣̇ 1 0.05494
= =
𝑇𝑅 𝑇𝑅 85.8489667 ( 1 𝑇𝑅 )
3.51685
𝒗̇ 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔
𝒅. ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝑻𝑹 𝑻𝑹