Diodes and

Transistors
as switches

Module 2
DIODE
DIODE

• A two-lead semiconductor that acts as

one way gate to electron flows.
• protect circuit by limiting the voltage
(clipping and clamping) , turn AC to DC
(voltage rectifier), voltage multiplier.
DIODE
P-type Semiconductor

• Boron
• Aluminum
• Gallium
• Indium
• These elements have 3 valence electrons, when
combined with silicon, they form 3 strong
covalent bonds
N-type Semiconductor

• Phosphorus
• Antimony
• Arsenic
• when these impurities are doped on the silicon,
4 of the 5 valence electrons form 4 strong
covalent bond leaving 1 free electron
DIODE
TRANSISTOR
TRANSISTOR

• A three-lead semiconductor device.

• amplify signals, detecting, rectifying,
switching, voltage stabilizing, signal
modulating control output current
based on the input voltage.
TRANSISTOR
TRANSISTOR
SWITCH

• Controls the flow of current.

• Sometimes called as controlling device.

• has “on” and “off ”

DIODE as SWICTH
TRANSISTOR as SWITCH

Types of Transistor

A. Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

• NPN – n-type – p-type – n-type

• PNP – p-type – n-type – p-type

B. Field-effect Transistors (FETs)

TRANSISTOR as SWITCH

• Emitter sends charge carrier from base

layer and collected by the collector

• n-type sends negative electrons to the

collector in a NPN transistor
• p-type emitter sends positive holes to the
collector in a PNP transistor
TRANSISTOR as SWITCH

• Base current is used to control the

collector current through the transistor.

• It is the base that can switch the

collector current on and off.
• In this case the transistor can act as an
electronic switch.