Chemistry 6092

Worksheet – Ammonia

Name: …………………………..…………( ) Class: ………. Date: ……….……

Learning Outcomes

Candidates should be able to:

(a) describe the use of nitrogen, from air, and hydrogen, from the cracking of
crude oil, in the manufacture of ammonia
(b) state that some chemical reactions are reversible, e.g. manufacture of
ammonia
(c) describe the essential conditions for the manufacture of ammonia by the
Haber process
(d) describe the displacement of ammonia from its salts

1 The Haber Process uses the reversible reaction between nitrogen and
hydrogen to make ammonia. The formation of ammonia is exothermic,
evolving 46 kilojoules of heat.

(a) Write a balanced equation with state symbols containing all of the
information given about this reaction.

……………………………………...………………………………………… [2]

(b) Describe the method to obtain nitrogen and hydrogen for the reaction.

…………………..…………………….………………………………………

……………………..…………………………………………………………

………………………..…………………….…………………………………

…………………………..………………….…………………………………

……………………………..……………….…………………………………

………………………………..…………….………………………………… [4]

1
 Chemistry 6092
Worksheet – Ammonia

(c) (i) The graph below shows the percentage of nitrogen and
hydrogen that reacted to produce ammonia at equilibrium at
different temperature and pressure.

Deduce from the graph the best conditions for obtaining a large
percentage of ammonia at equilibrium

..………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(ii) What is another condition that is necessary for Haber Process,

but is not included in the graph?

…………..……………………………………………………………… [1]

2 Ammonia is manufactured by the Haber process.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) the forward reaction is exothermic

(a) Name the raw materials from which nitrogen and hydrogen are obtained.

Nitrogen from …………………………………………………………………

Hydrogen from ………………………………………………………………. [2]

2
 Chemistry 6092
Worksheet – Ammonia

(b) Name the catalyst used in this process. [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………

(c) What is the most important use of ammonia? [1]

……………………………………………………………………………………

3 The Haber process is named after the German chemist, Fritz Haber.
The diagram shows the main stages in the Haber process.

An exothermic reaction takes place when nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to

make ammonia.

The reaction can be represented by this equation.

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ⇌ 2NH3 (g)

(a) Calculate the maximum mass of ammonia that could be made from 1000g
of nitrogen. [3]

(b) At a temperature of 450 ºC and 200 atmospheres the actual mass of

ammonia produced when 1000 g of nitrogen is passed through the reactor
is 304g. Calculate the percentage yield of ammonia produced in the
reactor.

3
 Chemistry 6092
Worksheet – Ammonia

(c) State:

(i) how a decrease in temperature would affect the yield of ammonia.

.......................................................................................................[1]

(ii) how an increase in pressure would affect the yield of ammonia.

.......................................................................................................[1]

4 Ammonia contains the elements nitrogen and hydrogen. It is

manufactured from these elements in the Haber process.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)

The forward reaction is exothermic.

(a) (i) Nitrogen is obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation. Why
does this technique separate liquid oxygen and nitrogen?

.......................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Name two raw materials from which hydrogen is manufactured.

.......................................................................................................[2]

(b) Given aqueous solutions, 0.1 mol/dm3, of sodium hydroxide and ammonia,
describe how you could show that ammonia is the weaker base.

……...............................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................[2]

4
 Chemistry 6092
Worksheet – Ammonia

5 Fertilizers often contain ammonium nitrate.

(a) Describe a test for nitrate ions.

……...............................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Ammonium nitrate can be made by adding nitric acid to a solution of

ammonia.

(i) What type of reaction is this? …………………………….. [1]

(ii) Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.

………… + HNO3(aq) 🡪 ……….NH4NO3(aq) [1]

(c) Which two of the following statements about ammonia are true?

Tick two boxes.

ammonia is insoluble in water

ammonia turns red litmus blue

a solution of ammonia in water has a pH of 7

ammonia has a simple molecular structure [2]