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    Electronic music encompasses several genres including musique concrète, electronische musik, live electronic music, and computer music. Musique concrète originated in France in the 1940s and utilized tape recorders to manipulate recorded sounds. Electronische musik began in Germany in the 1950s and used electronic devices like oscillators and filters to generate and transform sounds. By the mid-1950s, composers began combining these French and German techniques. Live electronic music, pioneered in the 1960s, incorporated electronic processing of sounds during performances. Computer music emerged alongside advances in digital technology.

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    Electronic music encompasses several genres including musique concrète, electronische musik, live electronic music, and computer music. Musique concrète originated in France in the 1940s and utilized tape recorders to manipulate recorded sounds. Electronische musik began in Germany in the 1950s and used electronic devices like oscillators and filters to generate and transform sounds. By the mid-1950s, composers began combining these French and German techniques. Live electronic music, pioneered in the 1960s, incorporated electronic processing of sounds during performances. Computer music emerged alongside advances in digital technology.

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    Electronic Music

    Uploaded by

    鍾易修
    Electronic music encompasses several genres including musique concrète, electronische musik, live electronic music, and computer music. Musique concrète originated in France in the 1940s and utilized tape recorders to manipulate recorded sounds. Electronische musik began in Germany in the 1950s and used electronic devices like oscillators and filters to generate and transform sounds. By the mid-1950s, composers began combining these French and German techniques. Live electronic music, pioneered in the 1960s, incorporated electronic processing of sounds during performances. Computer music emerged alongside advances in digital technology.

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    of 1

    Electronic Music

    Electronic Music is an umbrella term used to refer to the following:

    Musique Concrète
    - Started by Pierre Schaeffer at the Studio d’Essai de la Radiodiffusion Nationale
    (1942), later renamed Club d'Essai de la Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française
    (1946) in France.
    - Associated composers: Pierre Schaeffer, Pierre Henry…etc.
    - Use Tape recorder to record and play back sound, and to use basic tape music
    techniques to transform pre-recorded sounds. The pre-recorded sound material is
    referred to as the Found object (l’objet trouvé).
    - Basic tape music techniques: cutting and splicing (changing the order of
    sequence), change the playback speed (changing the pitch and duration of
    sound), invert the sound (playing it backward), tape loop, mixing.
    - Music Examples: Pierre Schaeffer’s “Etude aux chemins de fer” from “Cinq
    études de bruits” (1948), Pierre Schaeffer and Pierre Henry’s Symphony pour un
    homme seul (1949-50), Pierre Henry’s Le Voile d’Orphée (1953)…etc.

    Electronische Musik
    - Started by Karlheinz Stockhausen, Herbert Eimert, Gottfried Michael
    Koenig…etc. at the WDR Cologne Studio for Electronic Music in Germany
    - Associated Composers: Karlheinz Stockhausen, György Ligeti, Mauricio Kagel…etc.
    - Utilize electronic devices to generate and transform sounds, including signal generators
    (oscillator, sine/square/sawtooth wave generators, pulse generator, noise generator), filter,
    ring modulator, echo and reverb machines…etc.
    - Has the advantage of having strict control over the makeup of any sound.
    - Music Examples: Karlheinz Stockhausen’s Elektronische Studie I & II (1953 &
    1954), György Ligeti’s Artikulation (1958)…etc.

    ** The division between the French Musique Concrète school and the German
    Electronische Musik no longer exists. Karlheinz Stockhausen’s “Gesang der
    Jünglinge” (1955-56) was the first piece that combined techniques from the French
    and German schools, bringing together the two opposing Musique Concrète and
    Elektronische Musik schools.

    Live Electronic Music


    - Early Examples: John Cage’s Cartridge Music (1960), Stockhausen’s Mikrophonie I
    & II (1964 and 1965) and Mixtur (1964)…etc.
    - Pierre Boulez founded IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination
    Acoustique/Musique), which opened in 1977

    Computer Music

    Voltage Controlled Equipment (Synthesizers)

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