FIRST SOCIETIES

NAMES OF PARTS
HOUSE TYPE DESCRIPTION
ETHNIC ENGLISH
High-painted arch shaped roof with
1. APAYAO 1. ATAP ROOF layers of thick cogon grass or nipa
BALAI
HOUSE leaves.
2. BOBONG ROOF RIDGE
Elevated rectangular one-room structure 3. DINDIN WALLBOARDS
4. RIBAYAN EAVES
FEATURES: 5. SAKKAR TIE BEAM
• Removable wall panel 6. TAPI FLOOR BEAM
• Removable and washable floor mats 7. TOLDOG FLOOR JOIST
8. TALAXATAG WOOD FLOOR
9. ANADIXIYAN GIRDER
Apayao is the only region in Cordillera 10. SIDUNG/LINUNG BASEMENTS
that has a navigable river. 11. LAWANG DRAIN GUTTER
12. RARAT ROOF UNDERSHEATING
An opening above the upper-end of the
13. TABUNGAN GABLE OPENING
gable wall used as smoke exhaust.
14. SOBA BREADTH OF THE HOUSE
15. SOTAN/ LAMDAW WINDOW
16. PADUROT LENGTH OF THE HOUSE
17. GAWAYAN INTERIOR OF HOUSE
18. AGDAN LADER
19. IRAT BINDING RAFTER
20. TADAWAG/BADAY RAFTER
21. SOKAR COLLAR BEAM
22. TALABAWAN RIDGE BEAM
23. AMPAKAN ROOF BEAM
24. PATUNA/PANTUD KING POST
25. ADIXI OUTER POST
26. SINIT INNER POST
27. AGNADAN WALL SILL

FURNITURES:
1. DAPUG HEARTH
2. BANGA COOKING JAR
JAR FOR HOLDING
3. AMOTO
WATER
4. ARANGAT SHELF
5. BALATAD PATHWALK

2. BADJAO Windowless one-room 1. ATUP ROOF

HOUSE house 2. BATANG-BUBUNGAN RIDGE BEAM
3. LUBING-LUBING RAFTER
4. UBONG KING POST
5. PALIMSA-AN TIR BEAM
6. MADEYON LIVING SPACE
7. DING-DING WALL
Small strips of bamboo that is
closely-laid above the floor joist
8. LANTAY FLOOR
and girder, to serve as the floor of
the house.
9. DAGAN FLOOR JOIST
10. HAG POST
A thick piece of lumber tightly
secured to the girder to serve as
11. HARUNAN LADDER
ladder with a carved and closely-
spaced conical-shaped foot rest.
12. AXERAN GIRT

1. SIBI EAVES
3. BAHAY KUBO Cube-shaped house
2. PASIBI LEAN-TO ROOF
• “Bahay” (house) 3. BALANGKAS FRAMEWORK
• “kubo” - “cubo” (cube) 4. BATALAN WASHING AREA
5. BANGUERAHAN
• Has 3 Distinct Horizontal Divisions: 6. ABUHAN COOKING AREA
1. Stilts or posts A waist-level railing, made using
2. One-room upper living unit 7. SAGANG RAILING bamboo, used as an enclosed and
3. Steep roof protected porch area.
8. BULWAGAN MAIN HOUSE
9. HAGDAN STAIR
An enclosed/open space under the
house where harvests are stored,
10. SILONG UNDERNEATH THE HOUSE tools and implement are kept, and
livestock (chicken, pigs, goats) are
tended.
11. BUBONG ROOF
12. SAHIG FLOORING
13. DINGDING WALL
14. YAWI MAIN BEAM
15. HALIGI POST
16. PATUKURAN SECONDARY BEAM
17. SOLERA FLOOR JOIST
18. GILILAN FLOOR SILL
 An elevated one-room structure
supported by four hand-hewn wooden
4. BONTOC 1. FALIG GRANARY posts and enclosed by wooden plank
AFUNG
HOUSE walls. It is used as space for
storing rice grains.
2. SOKLUT COOKING AREA
Bontoc house for married couples and 3. ANG-AN SLEEPING AREA
children up to eight years old. The section of the house with stone
4. TAP-AN POUNDING AREA pavement and a pounding hole where
BABAREY, Village the task of pounding rice is done.
- Ator, mens meeting place 5. LI-IM EATING AREA
- Afung, houses 6. ATEP ROOF
- Pabafunan, boy’s dormitory 7. FOGSOR RAFTER
- Pangis, girl’s dormitory 8. OWAY ROOF UNSHEATING
- Chap-ay, open space 9. KAEW FLOORBOARD
- Akhamang, rice granary 10. TOKOD POST
11. TEY-TEY LADDER
12. CHINGCHING WALLBOARD

5. IFUGAO 1. ATOP ROOF

BALE/FALE
HOUSE 2. GAOB WALLBOARD
Elevated square and windowless one-room 3. TUKUD POST
structure The third level space of an Ifugao
4. PALAN ATTIC house with reed mat flooring and used
Dominated by a high, heavy, pyramid as storage area for rice grains.
roof 5. PATYIE SHELF
6. NUNDATU MALE SIDE
BABLE, Village 7. HALIPAN CYLINDRICAL DISK
- Bale/fale, house 8. SILONG BASEMENT
- Alang, granary An earthen fireplace about 3-5 square
feet with layers of open shelf used
9. PUNCHAPALAN FIREPLACE
for drying firewood and stacks of
rice and preserving other food.
10. NA-ULYA FEMALE SIDE
11. PANTO DOOR
12. TETEH LADDER
13. AMBUBULAN SQUARE BOX
14. TAKNANG KING POST
15. BUGHOL RAFTER
16. WANAN PULINS
17. PUMPITOLAN CENTRAL BEAM
18. BAGAT UPPER COLUMN
19. LIUB GIRT
20. HUKLUB TRANSVERSE BEAM
21. GAWAAN CENTRAL FLOOR JOIST
22. POGNAD STONE FOUNDATION
23. KULING GIRDER
OUTER END FLOOR
24. MUNDILIG
JOIST
25. DOTAL FLOOR BOARD
26. HAGABI BENCH

1. PAKAW RAFTER
6. IVATAN
JINJIN A thick bundle of cogon laid to cover
THATCH 2. SAKONG RIDGE COVER
the ridge of the roof.
• KAMADID 3. VUVONG LOWER RIDGE COVER
• RAHAUNG 4. SUPIT REED MAT TIE
5. PANGAÑIVUCAN ROOF BEAM
6. SAPAWAN RIDGE BEAM
Cogon grass wall securely tied to the
7. JINJIN COGON WALL
wall studs.
8. PASUNEN KING POST
9. PAREY CORNER POST
10. PANINJINAN WALL STUD
11. TUKAH TIR BEAM

7. KALINGA 1. TALOB ROOF

FORUY
HOUSE 2. AGAKAN SECONDARY RIDGE BEAM
• Elevated rectangular 3. SAWANG DOOR
one-room house of 4. INA MAIN INTERIOR POST
timber materials 5. TUKUD EXTERNAL POST
6. BATANGAN TIE BEAM
FEATURES: 7. MANUKDON SALAKAB RAFTER
• Removable wall panel 8. DAIPONG STOVE
• Elevated floor used 9. SAGPATAN SHELF
both for seating ang 10. DATTAGON UPPER FLOOR
sleeping purposes The side portion inside the house,
running from front to rear walls,
11. SIPI ELEVATED FLOORING
that is elevated to about 4” from the
main floor.
12. BAN-OGA SAWANG WINDOW
13. LUTUD FLOOR JOIST
14. PATANG GIRDER
 15. PUDIS FLOOR BEAM
16. SOGWAS/DOLA BASEMENT
17. SINGIT-TUKOD STONE PEG
18. BUBONG RIDGE COVER
19. MAMALBAG SALAKAB PURLIN
20. ANGATTIGAN KING POST
21. TUNGLOB GABLE WALL
22. BINUKOL PRIMARY RIDGE BEAM
23. DABI WALLBOARD
The external wall of the house
located below the upper floor level.
24. ALISOT BAMBOO SIDING
It is made from bamboo strips fixed
horizontally to the external posts.
1. PONGO BENT RAFTER
BINAYON/FINARYON HORIZONTAL ROOF
2. ATI-ATIG
SUPPORT
• Octagonal layout or VERTICAL ROOF
3. TA’RAY
plan. SUPPORT
4. PANABFONGAN RIDGE BEAM
• This house is called 5. FATANGAN TIE BEAM
BINURON in Apayao. 6. PARATOK UPPER COLUMN
Thick timber planks laid vertically
UPPER FLOOR
7. OKONG between the roof beam and the floor
WALLBOARDS
sill.
8. PISIPIS SILL AND ROOF BEAM
9. TATAGON FLOOR(MAT)
10. CHOSAR FIXED WOODEN FLOOR
A rectangular beam providing support
11. SOLING GIRDER for the floor board and the interior
columns.
12. FUCHIS BEAM
13. FOT-ANG FLOOR JOIST
LOWER FLOOR
14. CHINGCHING
WALLBOARDS
15. TU-OD POST

8. KANKANAY & 1. SAPDITAN BINDING RAFTER

BAEY/BABAYAN
IBALOI 2. KALASOD QUEEN POST
• Elevated, square, 3. SHA’TAL FLOOR BOARD
one-room house. 4. TOKOD POSTS
5. BUBONG ROOF RIDGE
6. ATEP ROOF
7. BAEY CEILING
The removable wood panel intended as
8. PANGTEW DOOR
entry way.
9. DET-A FLOOR
10. TETEY WOOD LADDER
11. SAKIATAN STONE STAIR
12. BOBONGAN RIDGE BEAM
13. TOROK UNDERSHEATING
14. DAGAT RAFTER
15. TIKEL FLARED-OUT RAFTER
16. ANAYASAN TIE BEAM
17. GOANAN ROOF BEAM
18. BALKES HORIZONTAL STUD
19. DINGDING WALLBOARDS
20. BALLANGAN GIRDER
21. SAGPAD FLOOR JOIST
22. OPOP WALL SILL
A square piece of lumber set at an
23. SEDNGAL INCLINED SUPPORT
angle above the wall sill(

FURNITURES:
1. SAGAANG SHELF
2. PANANUMAN WATER CONTAINER
3. BANGA COOKING JAR
4. TOKDOAN BENCH
BENCH UNDER THE
5. BALANGSAG
HOUSE

1. ATEP ROOF
An elevated wooden structure,
9. SAGADA regarded as the heart of the house,
TINOKBOB
HOUSE 2. AGAMANG CENTRAL GRANARY and intended for storing rice grain
and for offering sacrifices to the
anito.
• One of the earliest 3. AGDAN LADDER
houses in Sagada 4. DAPOAN COOKING AREA
• Windowless with a An elevated wooden platform for
5. KAMALIG STORAGE SPACE
thick and steep roof storing baskets and pots.
6. SEGPAN DOORWAY
7. LOMENG PIG PEN
8. PAMOBBONGAN RIDGE BEAM
9. TODOG ROOF UNDERSHEATING
10. BOGSO RAFTER
 11. KILING GIRDER
12. PITIT BEAM
13. DINGDING UPPERWALL
14. KAMMANGA WALL SILL
15. DESA FLOOR JOIST
16. DINGDING WALL
17. TOKOD POST

10. SAMAL • Elevated rectangular, 1. BUBONG ROOF

HOUSE one-room structure 2. TUKALOG STUD
• Built on shallow 3. TAYTAYAN-TIKUS ROOF BEAM
water and connected 4. PANG-TUUD KING POST
to the shore by a 5. HABONG TIE BEAM
PANTAN (bridge) A whole bamboo laid horizontally at
6. SALSAL JOIST about 0.40-0.60 meter spacing to
support the flooring of the house.
A thick lumber or bamboo which holds
7. HANGLAD GIRDER
the floor joists of the house.

BARGEBOARD-END
11. TAUSUG 1. TADJUK PASUNG
BAY SINUG DECORATION
HOUSE
2. BATANG-BUBUNGAN RIDGE BEAM
• Comprised of 2 or more houses on 3. LUBING-LUBING RAFTER
stilts that are connected by an 4. PUSAL KING POST
elevated open space 5. KASAW PURLINS
6. TIYADTAD SPLIT BAMBOO WALL
Tausug or “suluk” is the foremost 7. UBUNG TIE BEAM
ethnic group in Sulu. 8. HANGLAD ROOF BEAM
9. HAG POST
“Tau” (people) 10. LIUG CENTRAL POST
“Sug” (tide) 11. PANTAN OPEN SPACE
“Tausug” (people of the tide) A space intended to receive and
12. PANG GONG RECEIVING AREA
entertain guests.
2 DISTINCT COMMUNITIES: 13. LAWANG DOOR
1. “Tau gimba” (inland people)
The only structure in a Tausug house
2. “Tau higad” (people along the shore)
that is provided with 9 posts and
14. GIBAYAN MAIN HOUSE
used both as living and sleeping
TYPES OF “TAJUK PASUNG”
areas.
• Naga tajuk pasung BAMBOO WATER
(sea-serpent style of bargeboard-end 15. DAGTONG
CONTAINERS
decoration)
• Manuk-manuk tajuk pasung
(sarimanok (bird) style)

TYPES OF ROOF
• Sungan, hipped roof with triangular
vents
• Libut, pyramidal roof with vents at
the apex

12. YAKAN 1. BUBONG ROOF RIDGE

LUMAH
HOUSE 2. SALILIHAN RAFTER
• Elevated rectangular one-room 3. KULUNG HIP RAFTER
structure with few small windows 4. KASAW PURLIN
• Divided into: 5. SAMPAYAN ROOF BEAM
- Kokan, sleeping area 6. DING-DING WALL
- Tindakan, multi-use living space The post intended primarily to
7. PAMATUK WALL POST
- Pantan or Simpey, porch reinforce the perimeter wall.
- Kosina, kitchen 8. SALAT TIE BEAM
- Angkap, mezzanine 9. TANDIWAN WINDOW
• Often used from 10-15 years The opening of the perimeter wall
10. GAWANG DOOR that serves as entrance and access to
Yakan is the 3rd
largest ethnic the interior space.
community in Sulu. 11. PAGNUTIH FLOOR JOIST
12. BABAG GIRDER
13. ULUM POST
14. HARREN LADDER

EARLY FORM OF HOUSES

BALANGAY, boathouse
• approximately 25 meters in
length
• carbon-dated to 320 AD
• built entirely of wood
• used for seafaring by the
ancient Kingdom of Butuan
PINANAHANG, lean-to
• a form of dwelling common
to Negritos
• a single-pitched structure
of grass or thatch on wood
branches framing
LUNGIB/KWEBA, cave TREE HOUSE
• a natural chamber on the • a single room house of
side of a hill light materials
• utilized as one of the • built on high trees or
earliest forms of dwelling above a tree stump