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U N I T
I've lost my key. I lost my key last week.
21 (present perfect and simple past 3)
Sometimes you can use the present perfect (I have lo st / he has gone, etc.) or the
simple past (I lo st / he w ent, etc.).

■ “Is Peter here?” “N o, h e’s gon e hom e.” or “No, he w en t hom e.”
B ut w ith a finished tim e (yesterday / last w eek, etc.), we use only the simple past (not the
present perfect).

simple past + finished time

yesterday. yesterday
last week. last w eek
We arrived at 3:00. six m onths ago
in 2002. finished time
six m onths ago.
past now

Do not use the present perfect (have arrived / have d on e / have been, etc.) w ith a
finished time:
■ I saw Paula yesterday, (not I have seen)
■ W here were you on Sunday afternoon? (not W here have you been)
■ We d id n ’t take a vacation last year. (not We haven’t taken)
■ “W hat did you do last night?” “I stayed at hom e.”
■ W illiam Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616. He was a writer. He w rote many
plays and poems.
Use the simple past to ask W hen . . . ? or W hat tim e . . . ?
■ W hen did you buy your com puter? (not W hen have you bought?)
■ W hat tim e did Andy go out? (not W hat tim e has Andy gone out?)

Com pare:

Present perfect or simple past

■ I have lo st my key. or I lo st my key. (= I can’t find it now)
■ Ben has gon e home, or Ben w en t hom e. (= he isn’t here now)
■ H ave you had lunch? or D id you have lunch?
■ The letter hasn’t arrived yet. or The letter d id n ’t arrive yet.

Present perfect only Sim ple past only

time until now finished time

past past now

H ave you ever been to Spain?
(= in your life, until now)
My friend is a writer. He has w ritten
m any books.
The letter hasn’t arrived yet.
W e’ve lived in Boston for six years.
(= we live there now)
m D id you go to Spain last year?
W illiam Shakespeare (1564-1616)
w rote many plays and poems.
The letter d id n ’t arrive yesterday.
We lived in Chicago for six years,
but now we live in Boston.

42 present perfect —►Units 16-18 present perfect and simple past —►Units 19-20
 www.frenglish.ru
Exercises U N I
21.1 Complete the answers to the questions.

1. Have you had lunch? Yes, / h a d i t _______________________ an hour ago.

2. Have you started your new job? started
Yes, I ________________________________ last week.
3. Have your friends arrived? arrived
Yes, th e y _____________________________ on Friday.
4. Has Sarah gone out? she gone out
Y es,_____________________________________at 5:00.
5. Have you w orn your new suit? I worn it
Y es,__________________________________ yesterday.

21.2 Are these sentences OK? Correct the verbs that are wrong. (The verbs are underlined.)
1. I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it.________________ O K ____________________________________
2. Have you seen Kate yesterday? D id you se e ___________________________
3. I’ve finished my w ork at 2:00. I finish
_________________________________________
4. I’m ready now. I’ve finished my work. ok
_________________________________________
5. W hat time have you finished your work? did you finish
_________________________________________
6. ok
Sue isn’t here. She’s gone out.______________ _________________________________________
7. Steve’s grandm other has died two years ago. _________________________________________
8. were you
W here have you been last night?_____________________________________________________

21.3 Put the verb in the present perfect or past.

1. My friend is a writer. He has w r itte n (write) m any books.
2. W e didn f ta ke (not / take) a vacation last year.
3. played
I _______________________ (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.
4. did you go
W hat tim e _______________________ (you / go) to bed last night?
5. have you ever met
_______________________ (you / ever / m eet) a famous person?
6. didn't be
The w e a th e r________________________(not / be) very good yesterday.
7. visited
Kathy travels a lot. S h e ________________________(visit) many countries.
8. turned
I _______________________ (turn) off the light before leaving this m orning.
9. have lived
I live in N ew York now, but I ________________________ (live) in Mexico for many years.
10. “W h at’s Peru like? Is it beautiful?” “I don’t know. I haven't been
•_______________(not / be) there.’

21.4 Put the verb in the present perfect or past.

1. A: H ave y o u e v e r been (you / ever / be) to Florida?
B: Yes, we w e n t (go) there on vacation two years ago.
A: did you have (you / have) a good time?
B: Yes, i t have been (be) great.

2. A: W hat does your friend do?

B: She’s a painter. S h e has won (win) many prizes for her paintings.
A: have you ever seen (you / see) any of her paintings?
B: Yes, I saw (see) some o f her work last week.

3. Rose works in a factory, but s h e had (have) a lot o f different jobs.

has been
Five years ago s h e ________________________ (be) a waitress in a restaurant. After that, she
has worked
_______________________ doesn't enjoy
(work) on a ranch, but s h e ________________________
(not / enjoy) it very much.

4. A: Do you know M artin’s sister?

B: I ________________________ (see) her a few times, but I _______________________
(never / speak) to h e r.________________________ (you / ever / speak) to her?
A: Yes. I ________________________ (meet) her at a party last week. She’s very nice.

- -dditional exercises 19-23, 29-31 (pages 252-254, 257-259)

4 Unit 1

Takeoff
Look at the photos.
1 Where are they?
E X AMPLE ata hotel
Z What type of tourist or visitor is being welc?med in
each case?

Reading
Welcome - the first encounter
1 Match the words with their dictionary definitions.
1 encounter 3 hospitality
2 experience 4 welcome
a friendly and generous behaviour towards guests
b a meeting, especially one that is sudden and
unexpected
c a greeting that is given to some body when they
arrive, especially a friendly one
d something that has happened to you, often unusual
or exciting
Z Read the text. Which subtitle do you think is the best?
• Tourism: the encounters industry
• Tourism: the experience industry
• Tourism: the hospitality industry
• Tourism: the welcome industry
3 Which of the six points (a-f) would include this advice?
An introduction to
1 Offer to carry a bag, to get a drink, to open the door, worki ng in tourism
anything to show you're there to help.
Tourism is about encounters - encounters with
2 Do your research - know who you're meeting, know
people, with places, and with experiences. And the
where you're going.
most important encounter is the first one : arrival and
3 Have confidence in your abilities and personality. greetings . Get that one right and the rest is much
4 There are many ways of greeting in different easier.
countries, but the smile is universal.
Arrival encounters can take place anywhere : at
5 Dress appropriately - be smart, clean, and tidy. the airport, at the hotel, at the campsite, in the
6 Find out about the person you're with, and ask them restaurant, on the tour bus, or at the attraction.
about themselves. Wherever it takes place, the rules are the same:
4 Can you think of more advice to add to the list above? a Be prepared d Be interested
b Look the part e Be helpful
c Smile f Be yourself.