Title: Relation and Function

Chapter: Relation and Function

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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

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Exercise – I
Subjective Question
 2x −1 
1. Find the domain of the function f(x) = − log x + 4  log 
2 3+ x 
 
2

2. Let f (x) = (x12 − x9 + x4 − x + 1)−1/2 . The domain of the function is :

3. Find the values of ' a ' in the domain of the definition of the function , f (a) = 2a 2 − a for which the
roots of the equation , x2 + (a + 1) x + (a − 1) = 0 lie between − 2 & 1 .

1
4. The domain of the function f (x) = is:
(x )
− 1 cos −1
(2 x + 1) . tan 3 x

5. Find domain of the following functions

(i) f(x) = log1/ 3 log4 ([x]2 − 5) , where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function.
1
(ii) f (x) = , where [x] denotes the greatest integer not greater than x.
[| x − 1|] + [| 12 − x |] − 11
x2 + 2 x − 3
log
(iii) f(x) = ( x + 0.5 ) ( 0.5 + x) 4 x2 − 4 x − 3

5 −1 x2 (7 x + 1) !
(iv) f (x) = − 3sin + , where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function.
 x − 1 x +1
 2 
4 2
−1
(v) 3y + 2x = 24x

 1  2 1
6. The range of the function f (x) = sin−1  x2 +  + cos−1  x – 2  , where [ ] is the greatest integer function,
 2  
is:

1
7. Find the range of f(x) = – {x}, (where {.} represents fractional part of x)
2{–x}

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 x 2 + 1 – 3x
8. If f : R → R ; f(x) = then find the range of f(x).
x2 + 1 + x

9. If a function is defined as f(x) = logh(x) g(x) , where g(x) = |sinx| + sinx , h(x) = sinx + cosx , 0  x  .
Then find the doman of f(x).

10. Find the domain and range of the following functions.

x
(i) f (x) = cos−1 log[x] , where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function .
x

(ii) f (x) = [
log1/ 2 log2 x 2 + 4 x + 5 ] where [ . ] denotes the greatest integer function

  x2  
f (x) = sin−1  log 2 
 2  
(iii) , where [ . ] denotes greatest integer function .
  
(iv) f (x) = log[x − 1] sin x , where [ ] denotes greatest integer function .
1
(v) f(x) = tan–1 ( [x] + [−x] ) + 2− | x | + , (where [ ] denotes greatest integer function)
x2

sin2 x + 4sin x + 5
11. If f(x) = , then range of f(x) is
2sin2 x + 8sin x + 8

12. Find range of the function f(x) = log 2 3x −  x +  x +  x    

  
(where [·] is greatest integer function)

1 x
13. If f(x) = and g(x) = sin  x + 8   where {·} denotes fractional part function then
x +1 2
2
the find range of f(g(x))

x  (1 − 2[x])    [x]           2 + 1  

14. If the range of the function f(x) =   + cos   + sin   is  ,    ,    , 
4  2   2  4 4  4 4   4 2 
, (where {.} and [.] represent fractional part and greatest integer part functions respectively), then 2 + 2
+ 2 + 2 is

 x 
15. The fundamental period of sin [x] + cos + cos [x], where [ . ] denotes the integral part of x, is.
4 2 3

 ( 22011 –1)  2010

16. Consider the function g(x) defined as g(x).  x − 1 = (x + 1)(x2 + 1)(x 4 + 1)...........(x 2 + 1) – 1
 
(|x|  1). Then the value of g(2) is equal to

17. It is given that f(x) is a function defined on N, satisfying f(1) = 1 and for any x  N
f(x + 5)  f(x) + 5 and f(x + 1)  f(x) + 1
If g(x) = f(x) + 1 – x, then g(2016) equals

18. Find the integral solutions to the equation [x] [y] = x + y. Show that all the non-integral solutions lie on
exactly two lines. Determine these lines. Here [ .] denotes greatest integer function.

19. Let f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C, where A, B, C are real numbers. Prove that if f(x) is an integer whenever x is
integer, then the numbers 2A, A + B and C are all integers. Conversely, prove that if the numbers 2A, A
+ B and C are all integer then f(x) is an integer whenever x is an integer.

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20. Suppose X and Y are two sets and f : X → Y is a function. For a subset A of X, define f(A) to be the subset
{f(a) : a  A} of Y. For a subset B of Y, define f–1(B) to be the subset {x  X : f(x)  B} of X. Then prove
the followings
(i) Statement "f–1(f(A)) = A for every A  X" is false
(ii) Statement "f–1(f(A)) = A for every A  X if only if f(X) = Y" is false
(iii) Statement "f(f–1(B)) = B for every B  Y" is false
(iv) Statement "f(f–1(B)) = B for every B  Y if only if f(X) = Y" is true

 x2 − k 
Let g : R → (0, /3] is defined by g(x) = cos–1 
 1 + x 2 
21. . Then find the possible values of ‘k’ for which g is
 
surjective.


22. Let 0 <  , ,  <are the solutions of the equations cosx = x, cos(sinx) = x and sin(cosx) = x respectively,
2
then show that  <   

23. Let f(x) = log2log3log4log5(sinx + a2). Find the set of values of a for which domain of f(x) is R.

 3   3 
 + , −
2
−
2 − −  , − 2    − 2
 
     
24. tan–1 (tan ) =   , −  , sin–1 (sin ) =   , −  ,
 2 2  2 2
  3   3
− +  ,   − , 
 2 2  2 2
 − , −    0

cos–1 (cos ) =   , 0
2 −  ,     2

Based on the above results, prove each of the following :
(i) cos–1 x = sin–1 1 − x2 if 0 < x < 1
(ii) sin–1 x = cos–1 1− x2 if 0 < x < 1
1 − x2
(iii) cos–1 x =  + tan–1 if –1 < x < 0
x

25. Express cot (cosec–1x) as an algebraic function of x.

x 1– x2
26. Express sin–1x in terms of (i) cos–1 1– x 2 (ii) tan–1 (iii) cot–1
1– x 2 x

 x , x 1
27. If f(x) =  x 2 , 1  x  4 , then find f (x) .
-1


8 x , x4

 x2 y2   x y 
28. sin–1  +  + cos–1  + – 2  equals to :
 4
 9  2 2 3 2 

1 + x   1 − x2 
29. If  = 2 tan–1   &  = sin –1
  for 0 < x < 1, then prove that  +  = . What the value of
2 
1 − x  1 + x 
 +  will be if x > 1 ?

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30. Solve {cos–1 x} + [tan–1 x] = 0 for real values of x. Where { . } and [ . ] are fractional part and greatest
integer functions respectively.

31. Find the set of all real values of x satisfying the inequality sec–1x > tan–1x.

x x −1 1
32. Find the solution of sin−1 − sin−1 = sin−1 .
1+ x x +1 1+ x

33. (i) Find all positive integral solutions of the equation, tan−1 x + cot−1 y = tan−1 3.
(ii) If 'k' be a positive integer, then show that the equation:
tan−1 x + tan−1 y = tan−1 k has no non−zero integral solution.

34. Determine the integral values of 'k' for which the system, (tan–1 x)2 + (cos–1 y)2 = 2 k and

tan–1 x + cos–1 y = possess solution and find all the solutions.
2

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 Answer Key
Subjective Question
1. (– 4, –3)  (4, ) 2. (−  , )

  
3. (− 1/2, 0]  [1/2, 1) 4.  − 6 , 0
 
5. (i) [–3, –2) U [3, 4) (ii) R – {(0, 1)  {1, 2,......., 12}  (12, 13)}
 1 1  1  3  n 
(iii)  − ,    , 1   ,   (iv)  7 , n  , − 1  n  6 
 2 2 2  2   
 – 3 – 1 – 3 + 1  3 – 1 3 + 1
(v). 

,  , 
 2 2   2 2 
6. {} 7. [ 2 – 1, )
  
8. (– 1, ) 9. 6, 2 
 
10. (i) D : [2 , ) ; R : {/2}
(
(ii) −2 − 2, −3  U , −1, −2 + 2 ; R {0}]
  )
  
(iii) D : (−  )
8 , − 1  1, 8 ; R :  − , 0 ,  ]
  2 2 

(iv) D : [3 , )  (2n  , 2n  + ) ; R : (−  , 0]
n =1

1 
(v) D : {–2, –1, 1, 2} ; R :  , 2
4 
5 
11.  9 , 1 12. {0, 1}
 
 1 
13.  65 , 1 14. 15
 
15. 24 16. 2
17. 1 18. Integral solution (0, 0); (2, 2). x + y = 6, x + y = 0
1
21. k= – 23. a (−, − 626)  ( 626, )
2
– x2 – 1 if x  –1

25. cot (cosec–1x) = 
 2
 x –1 if x  1
 – cos–1 1– x2 , if – 1  x  0

26. (i) sin–1x = 

 cos
–1
1– x 2 if 0  x  1

x
(ii) sin–1x = tan–1 , for all x  (–1, 1)
1– x 2

 1– x 2
cot –1 – if – 1  x  0
 x

(iii) sin–1x = 
 2 if 0  x  1
 –1 1– x
 cot
x


 x , x 1
 3
27. f–1(x) =  x , 1  x  16 28.
 x2 2
 , x  16
 64

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29. – 30. {1, cos 1}
31. {x : x  (–, –1]} 32. x0
 
33. (i) Two solutions (1, 2) (2, 7) 34. k = 1, x = tan (1 – 7 ) , y = cos ( 7 + 1)
4 4

Solution
Subjective Question
 2x −1   2x − 1 
1. f(x) = − log x + 4  log  . For domain : log x + 4  log2 3 + x   0
2 3+ x   
  2
2

x+4
Case-I 0 < <1  –4<x<–2 ..........A
2
 2x − 1  2x − 1
then log x + 4  log2 3 + x   0  log2 1
2   3+x
2x − 1
  2  x < –3 ..........B
3+x
 on A  B x  (–4, –3) ..........(i)
x+4
Case-II >1 or x > –2 ..........A
2
 2x − 1  2x − 1 2x − 1
log x + 4  log2  0  1   2
3 + x 
0 < log2 1<
2 
3+x 3+x
 x  (4, ) ..........(ii)
 (i)  (ii) Domain x  (– 4, – 3)  (4, )

2. f(x) = (x12 – x9 + x4 – x + 1)–1/2

Dr : x12 – x9 + x4 – x + 1 > 0
For x  0 it is obvious that for f(x) to be defined Dr > 0.
For x  1, (x12 – x9) + (x4 – x) + 1 is positive
Since x12  x9, x4  x.
For 0 < x < 1, Dr = x12 + (x4 – x9) + (1 – x) > 0
Since x4 > x9, x < 1.
Hence Dr > 0 for all x  R
Domain is x  R

3. f(a) = 2a2 − a for domain of f(x) ; 2a2 – a  0  a(2a – 1)  0

1 
 a  (–, 0]   ,   . Let g(x)  x2 + (a + 1)x + (a – 1) = 0
2 
(i) D0
(a + 1)2 – 4(a – 1)  0  aR ...(i)
B (a + 1)
(ii) –2 < – <1  –2<– <1
2A 2
 a ( −3, 3) ....(ii)
(iii) g(– 2) > 0  4 – 2(a + 1) + (a – 1) > 0  a<1
(iv) g(1) > 0  1+a+1+a–1>0  a > –1/2
Now (i)  (ii)  (iii)  (iv) we get
 1  1 
Ans. : a  − , 0   , 1
 2  2 

1
4. f(x) =
( )
x − 1 cos−1 (2 x + 1) tan 3 x
here – 1  2x + 1 < 1  – 2  2x < 0  –1x<0  x  [–1, 0)
But x  – 1 as |x| – 1  0
 x  (–1, 0)

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 for x  (–1, 0), (|x| – 1) is –ve
 tan 3x < 0
   
0 > 3x > – or x  − , 0 
2  6 
     
Domain :  − , 0   (–1, 0)   − 6 , 0
 6   

5. (i) log1/ 3 log4 ([x]2 − 5)

Domain
(i) log1/3 log4 ([x]2 – 5)  0 or log4 ([x]2 – 5)  1
or [x]2  9 or x  [–3, 4) .........(i)
(ii) log4 ([x]2 – 5) > 0
or [x]2 – 5 > 1
or x  (–, –2)  [ 3, ) .........(ii)
(iii) [x]2 – 5 > 0
x  (–, –2)  [ 3, ) .........(iii)
Now (i)  (ii)  (iii)
⇒ x  [–3, 2)  [ 3, 4)

1
(ii) f(x) =
[| x − 1|] + [| 12 − x |] − 11
Case- x > 12
1 1
f(x) =  f(x) =
[x] − 1 + [x] − 12 − 11 2([x] − 12)
Now for f(x) to be defined [x]  12  x  [12, 13) but x > 12
x (12, 13)
Case- 1  x  12
 1
1  [x] + ( −1 − [x]) if x  I
f(x) = = 
[x] − 1 + 12 + [− x] − 11 
 not defined if x  I
 x  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
Case-
x<1
1
f(x) =
1 + [ − x] + [ − x] + 12 − 11
 1
 2(1 − [x]) if xI
f(x) =   x  (0,1)  x<1
 1
 −2[x] if xI

x2 + 2 x − 3

( x + 0.5 )
log(0.5 + x )
(iii) f(x) = 4 x2 − 4 x − 3

x + 0.5 > 0, x + 0.5  1  x  (–0.5, ) & x  0.5 .....(A)

x2 + 2x − 3 (x + 3)(x − 1)
& >0 or >0
4x2 − 4x − 3 (2x − 3)(2x + 1)
 1  3 
or x  (–  , –3)   − ,1   ,   .....(B)
 2  2 
 1   3  1
(A)  (B)  Domain of f(x) : x   − ,1   ,   –  
 2   2  2
5 −1 2 (7 x + 1) !
(iv) f(x) = − 3sin x +
 x − 1 x +1
 2 

 x − 1
 2  0  x  [1, 3)
 
& x  [–1, 1]
& x+1>0  x  (–1,  )

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 & 7x + 1  w
 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
∴ Domain − ,0, , , , , , 
 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
2 4
4x –1
(v) 3y = 2 – 2x > 0
4x2 – 1 > x4  (x2)2 – 4x2 + 1 < 0
(x2 – 2)2 + 1 – 4 < 0
2 – 3 < |x| < 2+ 3

(
x  – 2 + 3 ,– 2 – 3  ) ( 2 – 3, 2 + 3 )
 – 3 – 1 – 3 + 1  3 – 1 3 + 1
x 

,  , 
 2 2   2 2 

 1  1
6. f(x) = sin–1  x 2 +  + cos–1  x2 − 
 2   2 
 1  5 5
–1   x2 −   1  x  − ,
 2 2 
Domain :
 2  
 1  3 3
– 1   x2 +   1  x  − ,
 2 2 
and
 2   
 3 3  3
 domain is x  − ,  or x2  0, 
 2 2  2
 1
if (i) x2  0,  , then f(x) = 
 2
1 
if (ii) x2   ,1 , then f(x) = 
2 
 3
if (iii) x2  1,  , then f(x) =   range = {}
 2

1 1
7. f(x) = + 1 – {x} – 1 = + {– x} – 1
2{–x} 2{–x}
 2 –1 (Using A.M.  G.M.)
Range of f(x) is [ 2 – 1, )

3x
1–
x + 1 – 3x
2
x2 + 1
8. f(x) = =
x2 + 1 + x x
1+
x2 + 1
x 1– 3x
Let g(x) = and h(x) = . Thus f(x) = h(g(x))
x +1
2 1+ x
1 (2x)
x2 + 1 – x
2 x2 + 1 1 (1 + x)(–3) – (1– 3x)(1) –4
Now, g(x) = = > 0 and h(x) = = <0
x +1 2
(x 2 + 1)3 / 2 (1 + x)2 (1 + x)2
and f(x) = h(g(x)) g(x) < 0
1
1+ 2 – 3
x 2 + 1 – 3x x
 minimum f(x) = lim f(x) = lim = lim =–1
x → x → x →
x2 + 1 + x 1
1+ 2 + 1
x
1
| x | 1+ – 3x
x + 1 – 3x
2
x2
 maximum h(x) = lim f(x) = lim = lim
x → x → x→– 
x2 + 1 + x 1
| x | 1+ 2 + x
x

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 1
– 1+ –3
x2
= lim =  Range of f(x) = (– 1, )
x→–  1
– 1+ 2 + 1
x

9. (i) g(x) > 0  |sinx | + sinx > 0  0 < x <  ................(A)

(ii) 0 < h(x) <1 or h(x) > 1
 3
(a) 0 < sinx + cosx < 1  x ................(B)
2 4

(b) sinx + cosx >1  0x ..................(C)
2
(iii) logh(x) g(x) 0
since h(x) > 1, g(x)  1
1  5
i.e. |sinx| + sinx  1  sinx  , ( sinx > 0)  x ................(D)
2 6 6
  
From (C) and (D) x   , 
6 2 
(b) 0 < h(x) < 1 then 0 < g(x)  1
1
0 < |sinx| + sinx  1  0  sin x 
2
 5
i.e. 0x &  x   ............... (E)
6 6
  
From B & E x   so final domain is  , 
6 2 

10. (i) For domain (i) [x] > 0 and [x]  1 so [x]  2, so x  [2, )
|x| 
for range if x  [2, ), then =1 so f(x) = cos–10 =
x 2

Range of f(x) =  
2
(ii) f(x) = log1/ 2 log2 [x 2 + 4x + 5]
D : 0 < log2 [x2 + 4x + 5]  1
or 1 < [x2 + 4x + 5]  2  [x2 + 4x + 5] = 2
or 2  x + 4x + 5 < 3
2

D : x  (–2 – 2 , – 3]  [–1, –2 + 2 )
R : {0}
  x2   x2  1 x2
(iii) f(x) = sin–1 log2     –1  log2   < 2   <4
  2    2  2 2

  
 x  (– 8 , –1]  [1, 8 ) and R : − , 0, 
 2 2 
(iv) f(x) = log[x – 1] sinx
sin x > 0  x  (2n,(2n+1))
here [x – 1] > 0 & [x – 1]  1  x  [3,  )
  
Domain x  [3, )   ( 2n , (2n + 1)  )  .
n=1 
For range sin x  (0, 1] and [x – 1]  [2, ) so range  (–, 0]
1
(v) f(x) = tan–1 [x] + [−x] + 2− | x | + 2
x
Domain : (i) [x] + [–x]  0  x
(ii) 2–|x|0  |x|  2  x  [–2, 2]
(iii) x  0
For domain (i)  (ii)  (iii)
Domain : {–2, –1, 1, 2}

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 1 
Range :  , 2
4 

sin2 x + 4sin x + 4 1 1 1
11. y= + +=
2sin x + 8sin x + 8 2sin x + 8sin x + 8
2 2
2 2(sin x + 2)2
1 1 1 1 5
ymax = + =1 ; ymin = + =
2 2(–1 + 2) 2
2 2(1 + 2)2 9
5 
 range =  ,1
9 

12. f(x) = log 2 [3x – 3[x] ] = log 2 [3{x}]

period 1.
so 0  {x} < 1
0  3{x} < 3  [3{x}] = 0, 1, 2
so range {log 2 1, log 2 2} = {0, 1}.

13. As g(x) is periodic with period 2 so f(g(x)) is periodic with period 2.

x x
Now g(x) = sin x + g   = sin  x + 8 · 0  x < 2
2 2
g(x) = sin x + 4x ; 0  x < 2  g'(x) =  cos  x + 4 .
so g(0) = 0 and g(2 – ) = 8 so, g(x)  [0, 8)
 1 1  1 
so range of f(g(x)) is  ,    , 1 .
 1 + 64 1  64 

x
tan  
 (1 − 2[x]) 
14. Period of e 4 is 4  cos  = 0 xR
 2 
  [x] 
Period of sin   is 4
 2 
 Period of f(x) is 4. For periodic function f(x) range can be calculated for x  [0, 4]
x  1 x 5 3 
If x  [0, 1) ; f(x) = , f(x) 0,  ; If x  [1, 2) ; f(x) = + 1 , f(x)  , 
4  4 4 4 2 
x 2 3  x  1 
If x  [2, 3) ; f(x) = , f(x) 4,4  ; If x  [3, 4) ; f(x) = – 1, f(x)  – ,0 
4   4  4 

 1 1 2 3  5 3 
∴ Range   – ,    ,    , 
 4 4  4 4  4 2 

 x 
15. sin [x] + cos + cos [x] period is LCM of 8, 4 and 6 = 24
4 2 3

x
16. After simplification g(x) =  g(2) = 2
x −1

17. f(x) + 5  f(x + 5)  f(x + 4) + 1  f(x + 3) + 2  f(x + 2) + 3  f(x + 1) + 4  f(x) + 5

 In all steps there is equality only  f(x + 1) = f(x) + 1
Now f(1) = 1
 f(2) = 2
f(3) = 3

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 f(4) = 4
f(2016) = 2016
 g(2016) = 2016 + 1 – 2016 = 1

18. [x] [y] = x + y

x
(i) if x, y   then xy = x + y or y=  (x, y) is (0, 0), (2, 2)
x −1
(ii) if x, y  I
Let x = I1 + f1 and y = I2 + f2 then I1 + I2 + f1 + f2 = I1I2
 f1 + f2  I
0 < f1 + f2 < 2  f1 + f2 = 1.
I +1 2
I1 + I2 + 1 = I1I2  I1 = 2 = 1+ .
I2 − 1 I2 − 1
I2 – 1 = ± 1, ± 2, I2 = 2, 0, 3, – 1
 I1 = 3, –1, 2, 0  I1 I2 = 6, 0
x + y = I1I2  x + y = 0 or x + y = 6

19. (i) f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C  x   and f(x)  

at x = 0, f(0) = C  C is integer at x = 1, f(1) = A + B + C
  C is integer  A + B is also integer
at x = –1, f(–1) = A – B + C  f(1) + f(–1) = 2A + 2C
  C is integer  2A is also integer
x(x − 1)
(ii) f(x) = A x(x – 1) + (A + B) x + C  f(x) = 2A + (A + B)x + C
2
x(x − 1) x(x − 1)
If x is an integer then is also an integer and 2A, (A+ B), C  
2 2
 f(x) is also an integer.

20. For option A

f–1 (f(A)) = A  A  A
Hence A is wrong
For option B

f(X) = Y  f is onto but it will not effect on mapping of function

Hence B is wrong
For option A & B other explanation can be given else if Y is a singleton set then the function f is constant
function and hence is trivially onto (unless X = ). But in such a case, even if A consists of just one point,
f(A) is entire set Y and so f–1(f(A)) is the entire set X, which could be much bigger than A. So A and B are
wrong even if f(X) = Y
For option C

f(X)  Y (range  co-domain)

f(X) is a proper subset of Y (so that f is not onto), then for B = Y option C is wrong because f–1(Y) = X but
f(f–1(Y)) = f(X)  Y.
For option D

If B = Y, then f(f–1(Y)) is the range of the function f. If this is equal to Y, then function must be onto, thus
f(X) = Y is necessary condition

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 Hence D is correct

 x2 − k  1 x2 − k
21. For g(x) to be surjective x  R  0 < cos–1   < /3  < 2 <1
 1+ x 
2
2 x +1
 
x2 + 1 > 0  x  R
1 2
(x + 1) < x2 – k < x2 + 1 ....(1)
2
From Eq. (1), taking RHS
x2– k < x2 + 1  k > –1
From Eq. (1), taking LHS
x2 + 1 < 2x2 – 2k x2 > 2k + 1  xR
−1  1
2k + 1 < 0  k<  k   −1, − 
2  2 

22. Equation (1) is cosx = x equation (2) is cos(sinx) = x and equation (3) is cosx = sin–1x is
Since sinx  x  cos(sinx)  cosx now drawing the graphs of the functions we see that  <  < 

/2

23. Given f(x) = log2log3log4log5(sinx + a2)

f(x) is defined only if log3log4log5(sinx + a2) > 0,  x  R
 log4log5(sinx + a2) > 1,  x  R  log5(sinx + a2) > 4,  x  R
 (sinx + a ) > 5 ,  x  R
2 4
 a > 625 – sinx,  x  R
2

 a2 must be greater than maximum value of 625 – sinx which is 626 (when sinx = –1)
 a2 > 626  a (−, − 626)  ( 626, )

24. (i) Let cos–1 x = , then x = cos and 0    

 
 if 0   
 2 
−1
  cos x if 0  x 1
 sin–1 1 − x2 = sin–1 (sin ) =  =
 −  if      
−
 − cos x if −1  x  0
1

 2
 cos–1 x = sin–1 1 − x2 if 0 < x < 1 is true.

 
(ii) Let sin–1 x = , then x = sin  and – 
2 2
 
− , − 2    0  −1
− sin x , −1  x  0
 cos–1 1 − x2 = cos–1 (cos ) =  = 
 , 0 
−1
 sin x , 0  x  1

 2
∴ sin–1 x = cos–1 1 − x2 if 0 < x < 1 is true

(iii) Let cos–1 x = , then x = cos  and 0    

 
1 − x 2   , 0
2  cos−1 x , 0  x 1
 tan–1 = tan–1 (tan ) =  =
 −  ,      
−
− + cos x , −1  x  0
x 1

 2
1 − x2
i.e cos–1 x =  + tan–1 , –1 < x < 0 is correct.
x

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     
25. Let cosec–1 x = , then x = cosec and    – , 0    0, 
 2   2
 
 – cos ec  – 1 0
2
if – – x2 – 1
2  if x  –1
 cot (cosec x) = cot  = 
–1
= 
 cos ec 2  – 1   2
if x  1
if 0     x –1
 2

 
26. (i) Let sin–1x = . Then x = sin  and – 
2 2
 cos  = 1– sin2  = 1– x 2
 
 –  if –
2
0  –1
– sin x if – 1  x  0
∴ cos–1 1– x 2 = cos–1 (cos ) =  = 
   
–1
 sin x if 0  x  1
if 0   
 2

– cos–1 1– x2 if – 1  x  0

 sin–1x = 

 cos
–1
1– x2 if 0  x  1
   
(ii) Let sin–1x =  . Then x = sin  and –  {Note :   –  because x  ± 1 }
2 2 2 2
sin  x x
 tan  = =  tan–1 = tan–1 (tan ) =  = sin–1x
cos  1– x 2 1– x 2

x
Thus sin–1x = tan–1 , for all x  (–1, 1)
1– x 2

 
(iii) Let sin–1x = . Then x = sin  and –    0 or 0    { Note :     because x  0 }
2 2
1– x2
 cot  =
x
 
1– x2  +  if –
2
0  –1
 + sin x if – 1  x  0
 cot–1 = cot–1 (cot ) =  = 
x    
–1
 sin x if 0  x  1
if 0   
 2
 1– x 2
cot –1 – if – 1  x  0
 x

Thus sin–1x = 
 2 if 0  x  1
 –1 1– x
 cot
x

27. Case  y = x x<1

x=y y<1
f–1(x) = x x<1
Case  y = x2 1x4
x2 = y 1  y  16
x= y 1  y  16
f–1(x) = x 1  x  16
Case  y = 8 x x>4
y2
x= y > 16
64
x2
f–1(x) = x > 16
64

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 x2 y2 x2 y2
28. –1  +  1 represents interior and the boundary of the ellipse + =1 .........(i)
4 9 4 9
x y
Also –1 + – 2 1
2 2 3 2
x y x y
i.e. +  1 and + 3
2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2
x y
+  1 represents the portion of xy plane
2 2 3 2
 3  x2 y2
which contains only one point viz :  2,  of + <1
 2 4 9
 x2 y2   x y   1 1 1 1 
 sin–1  +  + cos–1  + – 2  = sin–1  +  + cos–1  + – 2 
 4 9  2 2 3 2  2 2 2 2 
 3
= sin–1 1 + cos–1 (– 1) = +=
2 2

 1− x   1 − x2 
29.  = 2 tan–1     = sin–1  
 1− x   1 + x2
 

 
put x = tan   x 1    
 4
 1 + tan  
  = 2 tan–1  
 1 − tan  
      3  3
  = 2 tan–1 tan  +    = 2  +  −  = 2  −  = 2 – ......(i)
  4   4   4  2
 1 − tan2      
 = 2 sin–1  2 
= sin–1 (cos 2) = sin–1 sin  − 2   = – 2 ......(ii)
 1 + tan    2  2
by (i) and (ii) +=–

30. Since – 1  x  1
 
 –  tan–1 x   [tan–1x] = – 1, 0
4 4
When [tan–1x] = – 1, then {cos–1x} = 1 (not possible)
When [tan–1x] = 0, then {cos–1x} = 0  cos–1x is integer
Since 0  cos x  
–1
 –1
cos x = 0, 1, 2, 3
x = cos 0, cos 1, cos 2, cos 3 but x  cos 2, cos 3  the solution set is {1, cos 1}

 
31. If x < –1, then sec–1x > and tan–1x < – <0  sec–1x > tan–1x for all x  – 1
2 4
 
If x  1, suppose tan–1x = , then < and x = tan   sec  = 1 + tan2  = 1 + x2
4 2
 sec–1 1 + x2 = sec–1 (sec ) =  = tan–1x
thus the inequality becomes sec–1x > sec–1 1 + x2
 x> 1 + x2 i.e. x2 > 1 + x2 which is not possible  {x : x  (–, –1)} is the solution set

x x –1 1 x 1 x –1
32. sin–1 – sin–1 = sin–1  sin–1 – sin–1 = sin–1
1+ x x +1 1+ x 1 + x 1+ x x +1
 x 1 1 x   x – 1
 sin–1  1– – 1–  = sin–1  
 1 + x 1+ x 1+ x 1 + x   x + 1
 x 1   x – 1
 sin–1  –  = sin–1   xR
 x + 1 1+ x   x + 1

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 x x –1 1
But domain of sin–1 – sin–1 = sin–1 is x > 0
1+ x x +1 1+ x
Hence x > 0

+ 1 1 3−x
33. (i) As y    cot–1y = tan–1  tan–1 = tan−1
y y 1 + 3x
1 + 3x
y =  x = 1, y = 2 x = 2, y = 7
3−x
(ii) case(i) x & y both are negative integers as K  N RHS is +ve, while LHS is –ve
no solution is possible
case(ii) x & y both are + ve integers.
As x, y  N  tan–1 x, tan–1 y  {tan–1 1, tan–1 2, tan–1 3........ }

 (tan–1 x + tan–1 y) has minimum possible value is
2

But tan–1 k cannot be equal to or more
2
 No solution is possible
case(iii) One of them is +ve integer, while other is –ve integer say y is –ve I nteger.
Let y = –p ; p  N
 Given equation  tan–1 x – tan–1 p = tan–1 K
 –1 –1
tan K + tan p = tan x –1

Clearly no solution (similar to case (ii))

2 
0  (tan−1 x)2   5 2
34. 4   (tan–1 x)2 + (cos–1 x)2 
4
0  (cos−1 y)2  2 
5 2 5
But (tan–1 x)2 + (cos–1 x)2 = 2k hence k2  ,k  .......(i)
4 4
2
  
Now put tan–1 x = – cos–1 y  − cos−1 y  + (cos–1 y)2 = 2k (where cos–1 y = t)
2 2 
 2 
2t2 – t +  − k 2  = 0

 4 
For real roots, D  0
 2  1
2 – 8  − k 2   0  1 – 2 + 8k  0 , k  ....(ii)
 8
 4 
From (i) and (ii), k = 1
  82 − 2  + 7 
With k = 1, t = = = (1 ± 7 ) .
4 4 4
 
or cos–1 y = ( 7 + 1) (as 0  cos–1 y  )  y = cos ( 7 + 1)
4 4
   
 tan–1 x = – ( 7 + 1) = [(1 – 7 )]  x = tan (1 – 7 ) .
2 4 4 4

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