ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP LABORATORY MANUAL

Front Panel of Typical CRO

Front Panel of Function Generator

Front Panel of Power Supply

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 ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP LABORATORY MANUAL

EXPERIMENT NO. 11

STUDY OF CRO, FUNCTION GENERATOR AND POWER SUPPLY

Aim
To study various functions of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO), Function Generator and Power Sup-
ply.
Equipment required
CRO, Function Generator, DC power supply, Multi meter.

Theory
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
An oscilloscope is a laboratory instrument commonly used to display and analyze the waveform of
electronic signals. In effect, the device draws a graph of the instantaneous signal voltage as a function of
time.
CRO is a versatile testing and measuring instrument that allows the amplitude of the signal which
may be voltage, current, power etc. to be displayed primarily as a function of time. It is used for voltage,
frequency and phase angle measurement and also for examining the waveforms from DC to very high
frequencies.
CRO comprises the main sections of Horizontal and Vertical amplifiers, Power supply circuits and
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT).

Function Generators
A function generator is a electronic test equipment or software used to generate different types of
electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies.
Some of the most common waveforms produced by the function generator are the sine, square,
triangular and sawtooth shapes. These waveforms can be either repetitive or single-shot (which requires
an internal or external trigger source
Function generators are used in the development, test and repair of electronic equipment. For
example, they may be used as a signal source to test amplifiers or to introduce an error signal into a con-
trol loop.

DC Variable Power supply

A power supply is a device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. A regulated power
supply is one that controls the output voltage or current to a specific value; the controlled value is held
nearly constant despite variations in either load current or the voltage supplied by the power supply's en-
ergy source.
A power supply may be implemented as a discrete, stand-alone device or as an integral device
that is hardwired to its load. Examples of the latter case include the low voltage DC power supplies that
are part of desktop computers and consumer electronics devices.

Commonly specified power supply attributes include:

 The amount of voltage and current it can supply to its load.
 How stable its output voltage or current is under varying line and load conditions.

Procedure
 Do the necessary initial adjustments of CRO ( Focusing, intensity control, Ground level settings etc.,)
 Set the function generator in sine wave mode.
 Connect the function generator to CRO (either the CH1 or the CH2) using probe
 Observe the waveform on CRO and plot the same.
 Count the number of divisions occupied by the signal and note the volt/div.
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 ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP LABORATORY MANUAL

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 ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP LABORATORY MANUAL

 Calculate the voltage. ( voltage= number of divisions X volt/div .)

 Count the number of divisions in one cycle of the waveform and note the time/div calculate the time
period. (time period= number of divisions in one cycle X time/div). Also calculate frequency
(frequency=1/time period)
 Repeat the procedure for different amplitudes and time periods.
 Repeat the same for square and triangular wave forms.
 Connect a dc source instead of function generator and measure its voltage using CRO. And plot the
same.
 Plot the different wave shapes and mark the amplitude and time period on graph sheet.

Peak to peak voltage (actually measured trough to peak) is one type of voltage measurement.
Peak to Peak Amplitude = 5 Div X 2V/div = 10 V.
The period in this example was determined over two cycles for increased accuracy. The greatest
accuracy is attained by measuring over the greatest part of the screen (same as in graphing where slope is
determined from points with the most separation).
Period = 2 Div X 1ms/Div X 2 Cycles = 4.00ms
Result
Familiarized with various functions of Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO), Function Generator and
Power Supply. Also studied how to measure voltage and time period using CRO.

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