Topic: Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Tasks for Discussion/Pointers:

● How theoretical framework is differentiated from conceptual framework?

Both a theoretical framework and a conceptual framework are used in study, but they
are not the same thing.
A theoretical framework is a group of ideas, assumptions, and theories that work
together to explain or predict something. It is generally based on theories and research that
have already been done, and it gives research questions and hypotheses a place to start. A
theoretical framework is more general and is often used in scientific study.
A conceptual framework, on the other hand, is a picture paradigm of writing that shows
how the researcher thinks the different ideas or variables in a study connect to each other. It is
usually built on a set of assumptions, ideas, and theories, but it is more specific and tailored to
the research question at hand.
In summary, a theoretical framework is a set of interconnected concepts and theories
that explain a phenomenon, while a conceptual framework is a visual or written representation
of the researcher's understanding of how the different concepts or variables in a study relate to
each other.

● Provide examples (at least 2) of theoretical framework in educational research and

the corresponding research paradigm in diagram/figure form and explain.
Example 1: Social Learning Theory in Educational Research
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory is an example of a theoretical framework in
educational study. This theory claims that people learn by watching what other people do and
mimicking them. This is one way that Behaviorism Theory works. This theory says that learning
is a social process that happens through interactions with other people, not just something that
happens to a person.
Social Learning Theory usually uses a qualitative or mixed-methods approach to study.
This means that researchers can collect data through observations, interviews, and other ways
to look at how social learning happens in educational settings.
The following diagram illustrates the theoretical framework of Social Learning Theory in
educational research:

In this diagram, the different elements of Social Learning Theory are presented,
including attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. These elements are
(Picture Source: https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html })(simplypsychology.org)
interconnected and interact with one another, influencing how social learning occurs in
educational settings.
Example 2: Constructivism in Educational Research
Constructivism is another example of a theoretical framework used in educational
research. It focuses on the part that learners play in building their own knowledge and
understanding. This theory says that learners build their own mental models of the world based
on their metacognitive processes, experiences, schema, and relationships with others.
Constructivism usually uses a qualitative or mixed-methods approach to study. For
example, researchers may use interviews, focus groups, and other methods to find out how
learners build their knowledge and understanding in educational settings. The following
diagram illustrates the theoretical framework of Constructivism in educational research:

Picture Source: https://www.lwinnportfolio.com/constructivism.html

In this diagram, the different elements of Constructivism are presented, including active
engagement, prior knowledge, social interaction, and scaffolding. These elements are
interconnected and influence how learners construct their own knowledge and understanding
in educational settings.