MIDTERM REVIEW

ELECTRONIC VERSION OF LECTURE

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại

HoChiMinh City University of Technology
Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Applied Mathematics
Email: ytkadai@hcmut.edu.vn

HCM — 2015.

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 1 / 20

EXERCISE 1
p
For f (x) = x2 + 1 and g(x) = x − 2, find the
compositions f ◦ g and g ◦ f and identify the domain
of each.
SOLUTION
p p
(f ◦g)(x) = f (g(x)) = f ( x − 2) = ( x − 2)2 +1 = x−2+1 = x−1
The domain of g is {x|x Ê 2}, the domain of f is R.
Therefore the domain of f ◦ g is {x|x Ê 2}.
p p
(g ◦ f )(x) = g(f (x)) = g(x2 + 1) = (x2 + 1) − 2 = x2 − 1
Its domain:·
xÊ1
x2 − 1 Ê 0 ⇔ ⇒ D = (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, +∞).
x É −1
Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 2 / 20
EXERCISE 2
Suppose a state’s income tax code states that tax
liability is 12% on the first 20 (million vnd) of taxable
earnings and 16% on the remainder. Find constants a
and b for the tax function


 0, if x É 0
T (x) = a + 0.12x, if 0 < x É 20
if x > 20

 b + 0.16(x − 20),

such that T (x) is continuous for all x.

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 3 / 20

SOLUTION In order to T (x) is continuous for all x,
then T (x) is continous at x = 0, and x = 20.

lim T (x) = lim+ T (x) = T (0) ⇔ 0 = a = 0 ⇔ a = 0.

x→0− x→0

lim T (x) = lim+ T (x) = T (20)

x→20− x→20

⇔ a+0.12×20 = b+0.16×(20−20) = a+0.12×20 ⇔ b = 2.4.

In order to T (x) is continuous for all x, then
½
a = 0
b = 2.4

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 4 / 20

EXERCISE 3
Find all points on the graph of the function
f (x) = 2 sin x + sin2 x at which the tangent line is
horizontal.
SOLUTION

f 0 (x) = 0 ⇔ 2 cos x + 2 sin x. cos x = 0 ⇔ cos x(1 + sin x) = 0

π
· ·
cos x = 0 cos x = 0
⇔ ⇔ ⇔ x = + kπ, (k ∈ Z).
1 + sin x = 0 sin x = −1 2

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 5 / 20

EXERCISE 4
Suppose that u(t) measures the displacement
(measured in cm) of a weight suspended from a
spring t seconds after it is released and that
u(t) = 4 cos t. Find the velocity at any time t and
determine when the weight is moving fastest?

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 6 / 20

SOLUTION Since u(t) represents position
(displacement), the velocity is given by u0 (t). We have

u0 (t) = 4.(− sin t) = −4 sin t

Since sin t oscillates between −1 and 1, so the largest

that |u0 (t)| can be is 4. This occurs when
π
sin t = ±1 ⇔ t = + kπ, (k ∈ N, since t > 0)
2
Notice that at these times u(t) = 0, so that the weight
is moving fastest when it is passing through its
resting position.

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 7 / 20

EXERCISE 5
Determine
p all values of x such that
3 3
f (x) = x − 3x2 + 2x is not differentiable.

SOLUTION
f (x) = (x3 − 3x2 + 2x)1/3
1
⇒ f 0 (x) = (x3 − 3x2 + 2x)−2/3 .(x3 − 3x2 + 2x)0 =
3
³ p ´³ p ´
3− 3 3+ 3
1 3x2 − 6x + 2 1 3 x− 3 x− 3
= · 3 = ·
3 (x − 3x2 + 2x)2/3 3 x2/3 .(x − 1)2/3 .(x − 2)2/3
f (x) is not differentiable when x = 0 or x = 1 or x = 2.

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 8 / 20

EXERCISE 6
π
Find the linear approximation to f (x) = cos x at x0 =
3
and use it to approximate cos(1).
SOLUTION The linear approximation is defined as
³π´ ³π´ ³ π´
L(x) = f (x0 ) + f 0 (x0 )(x − x0 ) = cos − sin . x− =
3 3 3
p ³
1 3 π´
= − x−
2 2 3
π
x0 = is the value closest to 1 so an estimate of cos(1)
3
is p ³
1 3 π´
cos(1) ≈ L(1) = − 1− ≈ 0.5409.
2 2 3
Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 9 / 20
EXERCISE 7
µ ¶
2 1
Evaluate limit lim cot x − 2
x→0 x

SOLUTION
x2 cos2 x − sin2 x
µ ¶
2 1
lim cot x − 2 = lim =
x→0 x x→0 x2 sin2 x
(x cos x − sin x)(x cos x + sin x)
= lim =
x→0 x2 sin2 x
x cos x + sin x x2 x cos x − sin x
= lim · lim · lim =
x→0 x x→0 sin2 x x→0 x3
sin x x2 x cos x − sin x
µ ¶
= lim cos x + · lim · lim =
x→0 x x→0 sin2 x x→0 x3
Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 10 / 20
 x cos x − sin x x cos x − sin x 0
= (1 + 1).12 . lim = 2 lim =
x→0 x3 x→0 x3 0
Applying L’Hospital’s Rule, we get
x cos x − sin x cos x + x(− sin x) − cos x
2 lim = 2 lim =
x→0 x3 x→0 3x2
x(− sin x) − sin x 2
= 2 lim = 2 lim = −
x→0 3x2 x→0 3x 3

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 11 / 20

EXERCISE 8
x2 − 3
Discuss the curve y = 3 with respect to concavity,
x
points of inflection, local maxima and minima and
asymptotes. Use this information to sketch the
curve.
SOLUTION
Domain: x 6= 0
0 2x(x3 ) − (x2 − 3)(3x2 ) x2 [2x2 − 3(x2 − 3)]
f (x) = = =
(x3 )2 x6
9 − x2 (3 − x)(3 + x)
= =
x4 x4
0
⇒ f (x) = 0 ⇔ x = ±3.
Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 12 / 20
 00 −2x(x4 ) − (9 − x2 )(4x3 )
f (x) = =
(x4 )2
−2x3 [x2 + (9 − x2 ).2] −2(18 − x2 )
= =
x8 x5
p
⇒ f 00 (x) = 0 ⇔ x = ± 18

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 13 / 20

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 14 / 20
1
Vertical asymptotes:
x2 − 3 −3
lim f (x) = lim+ = + = −∞
x→0+ x→0 x3 0
x2 − 3 −3
lim− f (x) = lim−
= − = +∞
x→0 x→0 x3 0
The graph has a vertical asymptote at x = 0.
2
Horizontal asymptotes:
x2 − 3
µ ¶
1 3
lim f (x) = lim = lim − 3 =0
x→∞ x→∞ x3 x→∞ x x
⇒ y = 0 is a horizontal asymptote.
3
The function does not have slant asymptote.
Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 15 / 20
Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 16 / 20
EXERCISE 9
A car is traveling at 50km/h due south at point 100km
north of an intersection. A police car is traveling at
40km/h due west at a point 50km east of the same
intersection. At that instant, the radar in the police
car measures the rate at which the distance between
the two cars is changing. What does the radar gun
register?

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 17 / 20

SOLUTION
1
At a given time t , let x be the distance from police
car A to the intersection of the roads C , let y be
the distance from car B to C , let z be the distance
between the cars A and B.
dx
2
the given information: = −40km/h and
dt
dy
= −50km/h (x and y are decreasing).
dt
dz
3
the unknown: =? when x = 50km, y = 100km
dt

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 18 / 20

The equation that relates x, y and z is given by
Pythagorean theorem:

z2 = x2 + y 2

Differentiating each side with respect to t , we have

dz dx dy dz 1 dx dy
µ ¶
2z = 2x + 2y ⇒ = x +y
dt dt dt dt z dt dt
p p
When x = 50, y = 100 ⇒ z = x2 + y 2 = 50 5, so
dz 1 −7000 −140
= p (50(−40) + 100(−50)) = p = p ≈ −62.6
dt 50 5 50 5 5
So that the radar gun registers 62.6km/h.
Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 19 / 20
 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Dr. Lê Xuân Đại (HCMUT-OISP) MIDTERM REVIEW HCM — 2015. 20 / 20