Physics Semester 2 All Formula

Sound
Relationship between wave velocity V, frequency f, wavelength.
v=f λ
Loudness= (Amplitude)2
2.Relationship between time period t and it's frequency f of a wave: f=1/T
Frequency is inverse of Wavelength: f=1/𝜆
LOUDNESS & INTENSITY:
Relationship between Loudness and intensity: L=K log I10
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
CHARGE: The S.I unit of charge is Coulomb denoted by symbol (C).
The smaller units of Charge are :
Milli-coulomb
Micro-coulomb
Nano-coulomb
1 mC=10-3 C, 1 µC = 10-6 C and 1 nC=10-9 C
S.I unit of current is Ampere denoted by symbol (A)
The smaller units of Ampere: Milli-ampere (mA)
Micro-ampere (µA) :1 mA = 10-³A and l µA = 10-6A

Current (I)=Q/t
Q = n x e (n= no of electrons, e= charge on an electron)
I= ne / t

POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE :
V=W / Q
S.I unit of potential difference is volt denoted by symbol (V).
It is a scalar quantity.
1 volt=l joule / 1 coulumb.
RESISTANCE:
R=V/I
R=V2/P
SI unit of resistance is Ohm. Unit of R = Unit of V/Unit of I
OHM'S LAW
Formula for Ohm's law: V=IR
Where, V is potential difference, I is current, R is resistance.
Conductance = 1/Resistance. SI Unit = (ohm)-1
SPECIFIC RESISTANCE = Ra /L
R = resistance, a = area of cross section, L = length. SI Unit = ohm x metre
Conductivity = 1/ specific resistance. SI Unit = 1/ohm x metre.
Total resistance of circuit = R+r
Current drawn from the cell : I= E/R+r.
E.m.f of a cell: E = I(R+r)
The terminal voltage of the cell: V=IR.
Voltage drop due to internal resistance :v=lr

Internal Resistance(r):

SERIES & PARALLEL COMBINATION :

Equivalent resistance in series:
Rs = R1 + R2 + R3.......+ Rn times..
Equivalent resistance in parallel:
1/Rp = 1/R1+1/R2 + 1/R3 ......+1/Rn
Measurement of Electrical Energy:
S.I unit is Joule (J)
W=VIt
W=QV
W= Vlt
W=I²Rt (Joule Law of Heating)
W=V²t/R

Electrical power and its Expression

P=W/t = VI =V²/R = I²R

Unit of Electrical Power: S.I unit of electrical power is watt.

Bigger units of Electric power are :
1 Kilowatt (1Kw) = 1000W,1 Megawatt (MW) = 106W
1 Gigawatt (1GW) = 109W
Commercial unit of electrical Energy: Unit is Kwh
Formula: W = Pxt
Cost Of Electricity= E.Energy(in Kwh) x Cost per Kwh
Relationship between watt and joule:
1Wh = 3600J; 1Kwh = 3.6 x 106 J
Safe Current I=P/V
ELECTROMAGNETISM
Magnetic Field (B) = F/ (I x L )
S.I. unit = N/Axm = Tesla or weber / metre²
1 Tesla = 1 Newton / ampere x metre
CALORIMETRY

HEAT: SI unit of heat is joule (J) And the other unit commonly used unit is calorie (cal).
Relationship between calorie and heat: 1 calorie = 4.2 J nearly.
TEMPERATURE:
S.I unit of temperature is Kelvin (K) The other commonly used unit is degree celsius (*C).
Relationship between celsius and kelvin:

TK = 273 + t*C.
Heat : Q=mc∆t. (m is mass, c is specific heat capacity and ∆t.is change in Temp)
HEAT CAPACITY: S.I unit of heat capacity is Joule per kelvin (JK-¹).
It is denoted by (C') :C'=Q/∆t.
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY: S.I unit of specific heat capacity is Joule per kilogram kelvin
(JKg-1K-¹).
It is denoted by (c).
Formula for specific heat capacity:
C = Q/mx ∆t
C of water is 4200(JKg-1K-¹).

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEAT CAPACITY AND SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY:

Heat capacity C' = mass m x specific heat capacity c
Principle of calorimeter:
Heat energy lost by the hot body = Heat energy gained by cold body.
Formula: mc∆t =m1c1∆t1
Where, M is mass, c is specific heat capacity
∆t is Change in temperature.
SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT:
Unit of specific Latent heat :Joule per kilogram (Jkg-¹). It is denoted (L).
Formula: L = Q/m or Q= mL Where,
L is specific Latent heat Q is total heat absorbed m is mass.

RADIOACTIVITY

ALPHA EMISSION :Helium is Alpha Particle: 2He 4

BETA EMISSION : It is Electron particle : -1e0

GAMMA EMISSION :No charge, no mass