SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND PUBLIC SAFETY

General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600

Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

Leader:
Bang-I, Noemi B.

Members:
Soriano, Aeson Evander M.
Tagaban, Johnrey P.
NAMES
Tereng, Dan Audrey C.
Todyong, Gabriel Isaac O.
Valeriano, Rodney C.
Aduan, Janna Marie B.
Angelo, Kathleen S.
Binay-an, Kary Mae Jane A.
Subang, Rebecca Joy…
CHFNAP2 - BCA

TOPIC TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

DATE 11/27/2023
INSTRUCTOR DR. LEX MARINAS

A. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1) To know the nature and concepts of technology management
2) To understand what is technology management
3) To understand how technology can be used in police activities.

B. INTRODUCTION

Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes,

involving the development and use of tools, machines, systems, and processes. In the context
of management, technology plays a crucial role in enhancing efficiency and effectiveness
across various organizational functions.

Management, on the other hand, involves coordinating and overseeing the activities of
individuals and resources to specific goals. It encompasses planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling processes to ensure an organization’s success.

Technology has changed the way organizations are managed and is now an essential
element of modern business administration and organizations. Technology will have a big
impact on how organizations operate in the future, especially when it comes to processing and
storing data and consumer interactions.

The intersection of technology and management is evident in the use of technological

tools and systems to streamline operations, improve decision-making, and foster innovation
within organizations. Effective management of technology involves aligning it with organizational
objectives, anticipating changes, and leveraging advancements to gain a competitive edge. One
of the most important ways that technology has affected contemporary company administration
is through efficiency gains. Technology has simplified many organizational processes, enabling
organizations to complete tasks more quickly and accurately. Thanks to technological
advancement, law enforcement can collect and analyze data more rapidly, which helps them
make wise decisions in real time.

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 SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND PUBLIC SAFETY
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600
Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

C. BODY OF REPORT

Technology management is a field of study and practice that combines management

principles with technology-related knowledge and expertise. It focuses on planning, developing,
implementing, and using technology to improve organizational operations and achieve strategic
objectives.

Technology management seeks to organize effective interaction between a person and

technology within the company, no less its software products and their users in the market.
Thus, this management activity is designed to ensure the smooth running of the processes that
include the technological element of the enterprise, as well as constantly seek and develop new
technical means to meet consumers’ demand for its goods and services. Both require intense
analytical, creative, and organizational work with various company departments, brainstorming,
and detailed long-term planning to realize the current company’s business aims.

Concept and Nature of Technology Management

The key concept of technology management includes technology strategy, governance,
operations, and innovation. These concepts help organizations manage their technology
resources effectively to achieve their goals and remain competitive in their industries in a swifter
pace.

Police Technology (Historical View of Police Technology)

Police technology refers to the wide range of scientific and technological methods,
techniques, and equipment used in policing. As science has advanced, so too have the
technologies that police rely upon to prevent crime and apprehend criminals.

Many examples of an incipient police technology date from ancient and medieval times. For
example, the ancient Egyptians used detailed word descriptions of individuals, a concept known
in modern times as portrait parlé (French: “spoken portrait”), and the Babylonians pressed
fingerprints into clay to identify the author of cuneiform writings and to protect against forgery.
Nevertheless, early technology was quite crude, such as the medieval methods of trial by ordeal
and trial by combat, in which the innocence of suspects was established by their survival. A
more humane medieval method, and a step toward modern concepts, was compurgation, in
which the friends and families of a disputant took oaths not on the facts but on the disputant’s
character. Formalized police departments were established in the late 17th century in
continental Europe, and since that time technologies have developed rapidly—transforming
police work into a more scientific endeavor.

Some Police Technology Timeline

1888 - Chicago is the first U.S. city to adopt the Bertillon system of identification. Alphonse
Bertillon, a French criminologist, applies techniques of human body measurement used in
anthropological classification to the identification of criminals.
1901 - Scotland Yard adopts a fingerprint classification system devised by Sir Edward Richard
Henry.
1910 - Edmund Locard established the first police crime laboratory in Lyon, France.
1934 - Boston Police begin using the two-way radio.
1930 - The prototype of the present-day polygraph is developed.
1932 - The FBI inaugurates its crime laboratory which, over the years, comes to be world
renowned.
1948 - Radar is introduced to traffic law enforcement.
1960s - The first computer-assisted dispatching system is installed in the St. Louis police
department.
1967 - The FBI inaugurated the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), the first national law
enforcement computing center.

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 SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND PUBLIC SAFETY
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600
Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

1968 - AT&T announces it will establish a special number -- 911 -- for emergency calls to the
police, fire and other emergency services.
1960s - Beginning in the late 1960s, there are many attempts to develop riot control
technologies and use-of-force alternatives to the police service revolver and baton.
1972 - The National Institute of Justice initiates a project that leads to the development of
lightweight, flexible, and comfortable protective body armor for the police.
Mid-1970s - The National Institute of Justice funds the Newton, Massachusetts, Police
Department to assess the suitability of six models of night vision devices for law enforcement
use.
1975 - Rockwell International installs the first fingerprint reader at the FBI.
1979 - The Royal Canadian Mounted Police implemented the first actual automatic fingerprint
identification system (AFIS).
1980 -Police departments begin implementing "enhanced" 911, which allows dispatchers to see
on their computer screens the addresses and telephone numbers from which 911 emergency
calls originated.
1982 - Pepper spray, widely used by the police as a force alternative, was first developed.
1990s - Departments in New York, Chicago, and elsewhere increasingly use sophisticated
computer programs to map and analyze crime patterns.
1996 - The National Academy of Sciences announces that there is no longer any reason to
question the reliability of DNA evidence.

Police technology also depends on the physical setting and the political environment
where police work is done. Urban policing relies more on technology than small-town and rural
policing, and the degree to which a police force is militarized has a strong impact on its
weaponry. Finally, some newer crimes, such as cybercrime, can be fought only by using an
extensive array of technology that exceeds the scope of police technology proper.

Crime Detection and Analysis Technology

Crime detection and Analysis technology refers to a wide range of tools, techniques, and
systems used in law enforcement and criminal justice agencies to detect, investigate, and
analyze criminal activities. These technologies leverage advancement in fields such as data
analytics, forensics, surveillance, and communication to enhance the efficiency and
effectiveness of crime detection and investigation efforts.

Examples of Crime detection and Analysis technology:

Forensic Technology- includes various tools and methods used to collect, analyze, and
interpret physical evidence from crime scenes. This may include DNA analysis,
fingerprint identification, ballistics analysis, and digital forensics to recover and analyze
data from electronics.

Surveillance Systems- Surveillance technology encompasses a wide range of tools

including CCTV cameras, license plate recognition systems, facial recognition software,
and advanced video analytics. These systems help in monitoring public spaces,
identifying suspicious activities, and providing evidence for investigation.

Predictive Analytics- uses data analysis techniques to identify patterns, trends

and anomalies that can help predict and prevent crimes. By analyzing historical crime
data, law enforcement agencies can allocate resources more effectively and proactively
identify areas at higher risk of criminal activities.

Crime Mapping and Geographic Information System (GIS)- is used to visualize and
analyze crime data in spatial contexts. It helps law enforcement agencies identify crime
hotspots, patterns, and trends, enabling them to allocate resources and plan targeted
interventions more efficiently.

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 SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND PUBLIC SAFETY
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600
Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning- are increasingly being used in crime
detection and analysis. These technologies can process and analyze large volumes of
data, identify patterns, and generate insights to assist investigators in solving crimes. AI
can also aid in facial recognition, voice analysis, and behavior prediction.

It's important to note that while Crime Detection and Analysis Technology can greatly enhance
law enforcement capabilities, their ethical and privacy implications need to be carefully
considered and managed to ensure their responsible and lawful use.

Crime Environment and Crime Mapping Technology

Crime environment and mapping technology is the use of knowing the physical aspect of
the place with the use of maps. Through these, it can easily be determined where the hotspot
areas are and therefore required police visibility. Moreover, it would examine neighborhood-
level factors like micro-level places that would promote crime. With these technology, detection
and analysis of crime will be done.

Environmental crimes frequently converge with other serious crimes, such as human
and drug trafficking, counterfeiting, cybercrime, and corruption. Environmental crime therefore
presents a challenge that requires both high-tech invention and highly collaborative
coordination. Global policymakers, law enforcement, and local communities must partner across
multiple means and methods to put knowledge to purpose in order to strengthen environmental
security worldwide. In short, as criminals become more ingenious, law enforcement also has to
become more inventive.

Crime mapping technology plays a crucial role in understanding and combating crime. It
utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) to visualize and analyze crime data, helping law
enforcement identify patterns and allocate resources effectively. This technology enables a
more targeted and data-driven approach to crime prevention and response. It helps the police
by enhancing their ability to analyze, enhancing their ability to analyze, predict, and respond to
criminal activities.

Every meaningful effort to fight environmental crime begins with monitoring and
communications, and technology has enhanced both the techniques and the tools available to
the global community in this domain. A wide range of technology now allows us to scan across
land and sea by using satellites, aerial drones, remote trigger systems that initiate cameras or
other monitoring and security measures, thermal imaging cameras, and radio frequency
identification. All this data can be collected and shared via secure information networks that
allow local, national, and international law enforcement teams to analyze, communicate, and act
to generate leads and disrupt the organized networks that profit from environmental crime.

Emerging Technologies Relevant to the Police Organization

Emerging technologies are fundamentally changing the way law enforcement agencies
approach crime prevention. By harnessing the power of AI, IoT devices, social media, biometric
technologies, and drone surveillance, police departments can proactively address potential
threats and create safer communities. As these technologies continue to develop and improve,
they will play an increasingly crucial role in empowering law enforcement agencies to focus on
crime prevention rather than solely responding to committed crimes.

Examples:

1. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning - These technologies can analyze large
volumes of data, identifying patterns and trends that can help predict and prevent
criminal activity. For example, predictive policing algorithms can forecast where crimes
are most likely to occur, allowing law enforcement to allocate resources more efficiently
and effectively.

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 SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND PUBLIC SAFETY
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600
Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

2. Internet of Things (IoT) Devices - IoT devices, such as sensors and cameras, are
becoming increasingly prevalent in urban environments. These connected devices can
help law enforcement agencies monitor public spaces, gather intelligence, and identify
potential security threats.
3. Social Media Monitoring - Social media platforms have become a vital source of
information for law enforcement agencies, as they provide insights into potential criminal
activities and public sentiment. By monitoring social media, police can identify and
investigate potential threats, preventing criminal acts before they occur. Additionally, law
enforcement can use social media to disseminate information and engage with
communities, fostering trust and cooperation in crime prevention efforts (Crump, 2011).
4. Biometric Technologies - Biometric technologies, such as facial recognition and
fingerprint analysis, can aid in identifying and apprehending criminals. These
technologies can be integrated with surveillance systems and databases, allowing for
real-time identification of suspects and preventing crimes from escalating.
5. Drone Surveillance - Unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, are valuable tools for law
enforcement agencies, offering cost-effective and efficient aerial surveillance
capabilities. Drones can be deployed to monitor large areas, track suspects, and gather
evidence, helping to prevent and deter criminal activity.
6. Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) - They can be used to create
realistic training simulations, allowing officers to practice their skills in various scenarios
without the risk of injury or collateral damage. Moreover, AR can enhance officers'
situational awareness during field operations, providing real-time information and
visualizations to improve decision-making and response times.
7. Blockchain Technology - Blockchain technology can help improve the integrity and
security of digital evidence management in law enforcement, such as the digital forensic
software. By leveraging blockchain's decentralized and tamper-proof nature, agencies
can ensure that digital evidence remains secure and unaltered throughout the
investigation process.
8. 5G Connectivity - As 5G networks continue to expand, law enforcement agencies can
benefit from the increased speed and capacity they offer, such as the Message Switch
System in the US. This enhanced connectivity will enable the faster transmission of data
from IoT devices, surveillance systems, and other connected technologies, improving
the efficiency and effectiveness of crime prevention efforts. In addition, 5G networks can
support the deployment of autonomous vehicles and drones, further expanding the
capabilities of law enforcement agencies.

SMART Policing

SMART policing, the PNP chief said, is a strategic approach that incorporates more
“science” into police operations by leveraging innovative applications of analysis, technology
and evidence-based practices. It refers to the use of technology and data analysis to enhance
law enforcement efforts. It involves the use of various tools and strategies, such as predictive
analytics, surveillance cameras, social media monitoring, and crime mapping, to prevent and
respond to crime more effectively.

One aspect of smart policing is the use of predictive analytics, which involves analyzing
historical crime data to identify patterns and trends. This information can help law enforcement
agencies allocate resources more efficiently, target high-crime areas, and anticipate potential
criminal activity.

Another component of smart policing is the use of surveillance cameras and other
technology to monitor public spaces. These tools can help deter crime, provide evidence for
investigations, and enhance situational awareness for law enforcement officers.

Social media monitoring is also a part of smart policing, as it allows law enforcement
agencies to track and analyze online conversations for potential threats or criminal activity. This
can help identify individuals who may pose a risk to public safety.

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 SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND PUBLIC SAFETY
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600
Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

Crime mapping is another tool used in smart policing. It involves the visual
representation of crime data on a map, which helps law enforcement agencies identify crime
hotspots and allocate resources accordingly.

Overall, smart policing aims to leverage technology and data to improve public safety,
enhance crime prevention efforts, and optimize resource allocation within law enforcement
agencies.

D. SUMMARY and CONCLUSIONS

The constantly evolving technology has left no area of business untouched. Surpassing
all the confinements, technology is now impacting all areas of life. No matter what the size of the
organization, technology can be seen happily waving at us from all corners. Technology has not
only facilitated freedom for employees to work easily but has also empowered leaders to
manage from a distance.

With the help of technology, leaders can view the number of tasks accomplished by
team members in real time. It also helps them communicate any change in the tasks they are
doing, no matter where they are. It has brought a good amount of change in how leaders
communicate and deal with their employees. Social media presence also takes leaders to new
heights of popularity.

In relation with the police service, technology management is essential to the evolution
of modern law enforcement. In the research, it was observed that technology has become the
cornerstone in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of police operations. From
sophisticated crime mapping tools to advanced technologies for forensic and surveillance
purposes, law enforcement agencies leverage various technological solutions for information
gathering, crime prevention, and investigations. Moreover, as cyber threats continue to rise,
digital policing has become a specialized domain, emphasizing the need for continuous training
and investment in cybersecurity measures.

With effective technology management, it does not only improve the operational
capabilities of law enforcement agencies but it also fosters better community engagement
through media platforms.

E. REFERENCES

Journals
Mennell J. Technology Supporting Crime Detection — An Introduction. Measurement and
Control. 2012;45(10):304-305. doi:10.1177/002029401204501002

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 SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND PUBLIC SAFETY
General Luna Road, Baguio City Philippines 2600
Telefax No.: (074) 442-3071 Website: www.ubaguio.edu E-mail Address: ub@ubaguio.edu

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