“Factors Affecting the Parents Guidance of Grade – 12 Students in

Camiling School for Home Industries S.Y. 2022 – 2023.”

12 – Earth

Shean Kurth I. Tanteo

Statement of the Problem :

A). How may the respondents be describe in terms of :

A). Family Type

B). Parent’s Marital Status
C). Sex
D). Age
E). Income
F). Occupation
G).Time Spent

B). How may the possible factors affecting parental guidance be described?

• Effectiveness of communication
• Family Norms and Values
• Financial capabilities

Data Gathering Procedure

The research shall start from asking the permission from the office of the school principal in
gathering the data to the respondents After the permission was granted, the researcher shall ask
the permission of the head teacher and eventually the subject teachers or class adviser of the
respondents.

The researcher shall explain the researcher and how to accomplish the checklist to the
respondents. The respondents shall be asked to answer the checklist in one hour.
Data Analysis Scheme :

For Statement of the Problem 1, frequency counts will be used.

For Statement of the Problem 2, frequency counts will be used.

Statement of the problem A

Family Type
Table 1
Family Type Frequency Percentage
Nuclear family 44 86.28%
Extended families 7 13.72%
Total 51 100%

The table above shows that nuclear family has a percentage of 86.28% (35), while extended
families has a percentage of 13.72 (7)
Therefore, the majority of respondents belonged to nuclear family, while respondents belonging
to extended families may experience changes in their social, mental, health, financial, and
spiritual stability.
Furthermore, when family structures change, family resources, parental investments, and
children’s caregiving environments are likely to also change. Indeed, the primary mechanisms
that are thought to link family structure experiences to child development are economic
resources, parental time and attention, and family conflict and stress (Amato 2005).

Parent’s Marital status

Table 2
Parent’s marital status Frequency Percentage
Married 28 54.90%
Separated 8 15.69%
Not married 5 9.80%
Widowed/Widower 10 19.61%
Total 51 100%

The table above shows that there are 54.90% (28) of Married, 15.69% (8) of Separated,
9.80% (5) of Not married, and lastly 19.61% (10) of Widowed/Widower parents,
Therefore, majority of the respondents belonged to married parents.
Moreover, married parents can provide better parental guidance compared to the other categories
(Melissa Thompson 2022),
 Sex
Table 3
Sex Frequency Percentage
Male 31 60.78%
Female 20 39.22%
Total 51 100%

It can be seen that there are 60.78% (31) of male respondents and 39.22% (20) were female
respondents completing the 51 Grade 12 survey respondents.
Thus, majority of the survey’s respondents were composed of male students.

Age
Table 4
Age Frequency Percentage
17 16 31.37%
18 33 64.71%
19 2 3.92%
Total 51 100%

In age distribution of the respondents, there are 64.71% (33) are 17 years old, 31.37% (16) are 18
years old, and 3.92% (2) are 19 years old.
Thus, all the students must still be provided parental guidance because all 51 respondents were
adolescence.
Moreover, Miguel Baquilod (2003) further described an adolescent’s psychosocial and physical
development is very vulnerable and complex as it is a period of time where they are more likely
to experiment with psychological, physical and social boundaries which can significantly impact
development and maturation into adulthood.
 Income
Table 5

Income Frequency Percentage

Php. 15, 000 thousand or 34 66.67%
below
Php 15,000 – 20,000 8 15.69%
thousand
Php. 20,000 – 30,000 5 9.80%
thousand
Php. 30,000 – 40,000 1 1.96%
thousand
Php. 50,000 thousand and 3 5.88%
above
Total 51 100%

The data in the table above shows that 66.67% (34) has Php. 15, 000 income, 15.69% (8) has Php. 15,000
– 20,000 income, 9.80% (5) has 20,000 – 30, 000 income, 1.96% (1) has Php. 30,000-40,000 , and 5.88%
(5) of the remaining respondents has 50,000 and above income.
Therefore, the majority of respondents belonged to low income and poor families.
Moreover, Poverty can place severe strains on parent–child relationships, due to the highly stressful
conditions caused by financial problems and material deprivation, thereby generating negative
psychological effects and family dysfunction. Conger et al. (2010)
 Occupation
Table 6
Occupation (Mother) Frequency Percentage
Unemployed 29 20.58%
Business owner 6 5.88%
Farmer 19 18.62%
Construction worker 4 3.92%
Teacher 2 1.96%
Driver 1 0.98%
Security guard 1 0.98%
Tricycle driver 1 0.98%
Nurse 1 0.98%
Technician 1 0.98%
Air con technician 1 0.98%
Land keeper 1 0.98%
Government employee 1 0.98%
Promodiser 1 0.98%
Welder 1 0.98%
Carpenter 1 0.98%
Mechanic 1 0.98%
OFW’s 6 5.88%
Babysitter 2 1.96%
Vendor 1 0.98%
Saleslady 1 0.98%
Waitress 1 0.98%
Tailor 1 0.98%
Deceased/In absence 13 12.74%
Total 102 Individual/ 51 pairs 100%

The table was showing the distribution of percentages and frequency of the occupation of the
respondents parents, and as shown in the table the unemployed and farmer takes a large portion
of percentages.
Therefore the parents of survey’s respondents were mostly belonging to unemployed and farmers
Furthermore, Many studies have highlighted the negative impact of long-term unemployment on
child care. According to Str¨om (2002), parental unemployment is positively associated with
higher risks of children accidents. Additionally, There is a greater need to consider aspects of
agricultural life beyond health and safety, including the impact agricultural work can have on
caregiving and early child development. Parental work in agriculture affects child development
(January, 2023)
 Hours spent
Table 7

Hours spend in Frequency Percentage

family bonding
5 7 13.73%
4 5 9.80%
3 6 11.76%
2 21 41.18%
1 12 23.53%
Total 51 100%

The table above has shown that 41.18% (21) were spending 2 hours on family bonding, 23.53%
(12) were spending 1 hour in family bonding (12), 13.73% were spending 5 hours in family
bonding, 11.76 (6) were spending 3 hours in family bonding, and 9.80% (5) were spending 4
hours in family bonding.
Therefore, respondents who spent time less than 3 hours were receiving less parental guidance
compared to respondents spending 3 hours and time for family bonding.
Moreover, In practice, parents’ contribution to the family is more focused on investing time in
work to provide financial support to the family, with less attention to the impact of
companionship and insufficient attention to children’s emotional needs, which could result in
barriers to growth for children. (Chi et al., 2019),

Statement of the problem B

Table 8

Communication W.M V.D

Playful conversation 2.80 Sometimes
Slang conversation 3.17 Sometimes
Casual conversation 2.82 Sometimes
Formal conversation 2.86 Sometimes
Serious conversation 2.66 Sometimes
General mean 2.86 Sometimes
 All reasons displayed in the table has the verbal description of sometimes, but slang conversation
has the highest weighted mean of 3.17, and Formal conversation’s in second for having
weighted mean of 2.86, third was Casual conversation with weighted mean of 2.82, after it was
playful conversation with weighted mean of 2.80, and last was serious conversation having the
weighted mean of 2.66.
Therefore the table above is showing that communication is sometimes a factor affecting
parent’s guidance of CSHI grade – 12 students.

Table 9

Family Norms and Values W.M V.D

Practice of proper etiquette 2.43 Rarely
Right manners and good conduct 1.94 Rarely
Advices from parents/ guardians 2.11 Sometimes
Corrections of from parents/ guardians 2.49 Rarely
Punishment from parents/guardians 2.64 Sometimes
General mean 2.32 Rarely

The table above shows that most of the verbal description were rarely. The Punishment from
parents has the weighted mean of 2.64, Punishment from parents/guardians is second for having
the weighted mean of 2.49, Practice of proper etiquette was third for having the weighted mean
of 2.43, Advices from parents/guardians was fourth for having the weighted mean of 2.11, and
fifth was good manners and right conduct for having the weighted mean of 1.94.
Therefore the table above shows that family norms and values of CSHI’s grade – 12 students are
rarely to be a factor affecting the parent’s guidance of CSHI grade – 12 students.
Table 10
Financial Capabilities W.M V.D
Can avail daily basic needs 2.50 Sometimes
Can afford to buy luxurious products 3.15 Sometimes
and services
Can pay monthly bills regularly 2.70 Sometimes
Have sufficient budget every month 2.66 Sometimes

Can have some unexpected expenses 2.66 Sometimes

General Mean 2.73 Sometimes

All the verbal description in the table above were sometimes, but can afford to buy luxurious
products and services has the highest weighted mean with 3.15, followed by can buy monthly
bills regular with a weighted mean of 2.70, next is have sufficient budget every month with a
weighted mean of 2.66, then can have some unexpected expenses with weighted mean 2.66, and
lastly was can avail daily basic needs for having a weighted mean of 2.50.
Therefore the data presented by the table had interpreted that financial capabilities were
sometimes a factor affecting the parent’s guidance of CSHI grade 12 – students.

Summary

Table 11

Reasons W.M V. D

Communication 2.86 Sometimes

Family Norms and Values 2.32 Rarely

Financial Capabilities 2.73 Sometimes

General mean 2.63 Sometimes

The data displayed on the table above was showing the factors that affects the parents guidance
of Grade – 12 students in CSHI. it’s indicated that family norms and values was rarely a factor,
while financial capabilities and communication were sometimes a factor, but communication has
higher weighted mean, thus proving it to be the main factor affecting the parent’s guidance of
CSHI grade 12 students.
Moreover, Relationships between parents and their children are greatly improved when there is
effective communication taking place. In general, if communication between parents and their
children is good, then their relationships are good as well. Children learn how to communicate
by watching their parents. If parents communicate openly and effectively, chances are that their
children will, too. Good communication skills will benefit children for their entire lives.
Children begin to form ideas and beliefs about themselves based on how their parents
communicate with them.

Summary of Findings

Descriptive profile of the respondents

Family Type Distribution of the Respondents

In terms of family type distribution, nuclear family has a percentage of 86.28%

(35), while extended families has a percentage of 13.72 (7)

Parent’s Marital Status Distribution of the respondents

In terms of parents marital status distribution, there are 54.90% (28) Married,
15.69% (8) Separated, 9.80% (5) Not married, and lastly 19.61% (10) Widowed/Widower
parents.

Sex Distribution of the Respondents

In terms of sex distribution of the respondents, there are 60.78% (31) of male
respondents and 39.22% (20) were female respondents completing the 51 Grade 12 survey
respondents.

Age Distribution of the respondents

 In terms of age distribution of the respondents, there are 64.71% (33) are 17
years old, 31.37% (16) are 18 years old, and 3.92% (2) are 19 years old.

Income Distribution of the Respondents

In terms of income distribution of the respondents, there are 66.67% (34)

that has Php. 15, 000 income, 15.69% (8) has Php. 15,000 – 20,000 income, 9.80% (5) has
20,000 – 30, 000 income, 1.96% (1) has Php. 30,000-40,000 , and 5.88% (5) of the remaining
respondents has 50,000 and above income.

Occupation Distribution of the Respondents

In terms of occupation distribution of the respondents, the unemployed

and farmer takes a large portion of percentages.

Hours Spent Distribution of the respondents

In terms of hours spent distribution of the respondents, the 41.18% (21)

were spending 2 hours on family bonding, 23.53% (12) were spending 1 hour in family bonding
(12), 13.73% were spending 5 hours in family bonding, 11.76 (6) were spending 3 hours in
family bonding, and 9.80% (5) were spending 4 hours in family bonding.

Communication Distribution of the Respondents

In terms of communication distribution of the respondents, slang

conversation has the highest weighted mean of 3.17, and Formal conversation’s in second for
having weighted mean of 2.86, third was Casual conversation with weighted mean of 2.82, after
it was playful conversation with weighted mean of 2.80, and last was serious conversation
having the weighted mean of 2.66.

Family Norms and Values Distribution of the Respondents

 In terms of distribution of family norms and values, the Punishment from
parents has the weighted mean of 2.64, Punishment from parents/guardians is second for having
the weighted mean of 2.49, Practice of proper etiquette was third for having the weighted mean
of 2.43, Advices from parents/guardians was fourth for having the weighted mean of 2.11, and
fifth was good manners and right conduct for having the weighted mean of 1.94.

Financial Capabilities Distribution of the Respondents

In terms of financial distribution of the respondents, the can afford to

buy luxurious products and services has the highest weighted mean with 3.15, followed by can
buy monthly bills regular with a weighted mean of 2.70, next is have sufficient budget every
month with a weighted mean of 2.66, then can have some unexpected expenses with weighted
mean 2.66, and lastly was can avail daily basic needs for having a weighted mean of 2.50.

Conclusion

Descriptive profile of the respondents

Family Type Distribution of the Respondents

The majority of respondents belonged to nuclear family, while respondents

belonging to extended families may experience changes in their social, mental, health, financial,
and spiritual stability.

Parent’s Marital Status Distribution of the respondents

Majority of the respondents belonged to married parents.

Sex Distribution of the Respondents

Majority of the survey’s respondents were composed of male students.

Age Distribution of the respondents

 All the students must still be provided parental guidance because all 51
respondents were adolescence.

Income Distribution of the Respondents

Majority of respondents belonged to low income and poor families.

Occupation Distribution of the Respondents

The parents of survey’s respondents were mostly belonging to

unemployed and farmers.

Hours Spent Distribution of the respondents

Respondents who spent time less than 3 hours were receiving less
parental guidance compared to respondents spending 3 hours and time for family bonding.

Communication Distribution of the Respondents

The table above is showing that communication is sometimes a

factor affecting parent’s guidance of CSHI grade – 12 students.

Family Norms and Values Distribution of the Respondents

 The table above shows that family norms and values of CSHI’s
grade – 12 students are rarely to be a factor affecting the parent’s guidance of CSHI grade – 12
students.

Financial Capabilities Distribution of the Respondents

The data presented by the table had interpreted that financial

capabilities were sometimes a factor affecting the parent’s guidance of CSHI grade 12 –
students.

Recommendation
Family Type Distribution of the Respondents
Extended families aren’t as effective as nuclear families in raising children,
therefore extended families must ask assistance of government or the community to properly
develop an adolescence. The families could ask help to the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD), they offer assistance programs that provides cash grants to eligible
individuals and families who are in need of financial assistance.

Parent’s Marital Status Distribution of the respondents

Guardians/Parents of not married families should provide more effort in guiding
and raising children, since they cannot usually provide enough or satisfying care. The roles of a
married couple must be filled by establishing a strong connection between the child and
parent/guardian, this should be done by constantly counseling and monitoring the child on
important situation.

Sex Distribution of the Respondents

Male respondents are more prone of experiencing delinquency compared to
female respondents, so men must be given more attention by family and community in order to
prevent delinquency. The community should conduct an awareness raising program regarding to
delinquency among adolescence, in order to lessen and prevent it’s occurrence.
Age Distribution of the respondents
All respondents still in adolescence stage, and they must receive adequate
guidance from their parents or guardians for good child development. The person with authority
towards the child should always involve themselves on the child’s decision making since
children in adolescence still don’t have a strong sense of decision making.

Income Distribution of the Respondents

The majority of respondents were in the low income or poor category,
they’re in need of higher salary occupation or decrease of received government taxes.
Multiple jobs was an option but the best action to take was to ask help to local government unit
(LGU) or the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).

Occupation Distribution of the Respondents

Increase of employment was the action the government must take since most
of the respondents were belonging to minimum wage occupation and unemployment category.
The government should Enhance the promotion of the Technical Education and Skills and
Development Authority (TESDA), or increase job vacancies by providing more government
projects that requires human labor, or allow more foreign companies to operate inside the
country.

Hours Spent Distribution of the respondents

The family of respondents should think more ways of adding time to their
family bonding since it was crucial to the development of an adolescent, They can do this by
creating a balance schedule to improve time management and add more time for family bonding.
Communication Distribution of the Respondents
Improving the communication inside the families of respondents should be
done to properly deliver parental guidance. The parents/guardian should always practice active
listening., focusing on behaviours., and .explaining feelings, to establish a better communication.

Family Norms and Values Distribution of the Respondents

Family Norms and Values was rarely a factor in this case that affects parents
guidance of CSHI grade 12 students, but it’ll cause dysfunction inside the family if not handled
properly, so the family and community must consider paying attention to it. They should
implement a set of good values and norms inside the family to avoid practice of bad habits.

Financial Capabilities Distribution of the Respondents

Financing was a crucial role inside a family that if poorly done will
definitely cause trouble to the families. The parents/guardian should follow a strict monthly
budget and always assure to set aside saving to avoid encountering financial crises.