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    There is no significant correlation between the number of hours students play sports and their test scores based on the data analysis. The correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to be 0.666, which is less than the critical value of 0.879, so the null hypothesis that there is no correlation cannot be rejected using the r method. Similarly, the t-value of 2.156 is less than the critical t-value of 3.707, so the null hypothesis cannot be rejected using the t-method. Therefore, the analysis found no evidence that the number of hours spent playing sports directly impacts test scores.

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    There is no significant correlation between the number of hours students play sports and their test scores based on the data analysis. The correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to be 0.666, which is less than the critical value of 0.879, so the null hypothesis that there is no correlation cannot be rejected using the r method. Similarly, the t-value of 2.156 is less than the critical t-value of 3.707, so the null hypothesis cannot be rejected using the t-method. Therefore, the analysis found no evidence that the number of hours spent playing sports directly impacts test scores.

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    Uploaded by

    kaitokuroba8523
    There is no significant correlation between the number of hours students play sports and their test scores based on the data analysis. The correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to be 0.666, which is less than the critical value of 0.879, so the null hypothesis that there is no correlation cannot be rejected using the r method. Similarly, the t-value of 2.156 is less than the critical t-value of 3.707, so the null hypothesis cannot be rejected using the t-method. Therefore, the analysis found no evidence that the number of hours spent playing sports directly impacts test scores.

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    of 1

    Hypothesis:

    Null hypothesis (H₀): There is no correlation between the number of hours played sports and test scores.
    Alternative hypothesis (H₁): There is a correlation between the number of hours played sports and test
    scores.
    Table of computations:
    Hours Played Sports (X) | Test Score (Y) | XY | X² | Y²
    3 | 74 | 222 | 9 | 5476
    1 | 68 | 68 | 1 | 4624
    1 | 66 | 66 |1 | 4356
    3 | 72 | 216 | 9 | 5184
    4 | 80 | 320 | 16 | 6400
    2 | 68 | 136 | 4 | 4624
    4 | 78 | 312 | 16 | 6084
    2 | 70 | 140 | 4 | 4900
    ΣX = 20 | ΣY = 556 | ΣXY = 1480 | ΣX² = 59 | ΣY² = 36668
    Solve for r: Using the formula: r = [nΣXY - (ΣX)(ΣY)] / sqrt{ [nΣX² - (ΣX)²][nΣY² - (ΣY)²] }
    n = number of data points = 8 ΣXY = 1480 ΣX = 20 ΣY = 556 ΣX² = 59 ΣY² = 36668
    Substituting the values: r = [8(1480) - (20)(556)] / sqrt{ [8(59) - (20)²][8(36668) - (556)²] } r = (11840 -
    11120) / sqrt{ [472 - 400][293344 - 308336] } r = 720 / sqrt{ [72][-14992] } r ≈ 0.666
    Solve for Coefficient of Determination (r²): r² = 0.666² r² ≈ 0.444
    Decision basis using r critical value (α = 0.01): Using the critical value table for a two-tailed test, with n =
    8 and α = 0.01, the critical value of r is approximately ±0.879.
    Traditional method: If |r| > 0.879, reject the null hypothesis. If |r| ≤ 0.879, fail to reject the null
    hypothesis.
    Statistical Decision using r critical values (Traditional method): Since |0.666| ≤ 0.879, we fail to reject the
    null hypothesis. There is no significant correlation between the number of hours played sports and test
    scores.
    Transform the correlation coefficient (r) to a t-value: Using the formula: t = r * sqrt[(n - 2) / (1 - r²)]
    n = number of data points = 8 r = 0.666
    Substituting the values: t = 0.666 * sqrt[(8 - 2) / (1 - 0.666²)] t = 0.666 * sqrt[6 / (1 - 0.444)] t = 0.666 *
    sqrt[6 / 0.556] t = 0.666 * sqrt[10.791]
    t ≈ 2.156
    Decision basis using t-table (α = 0.01): The critical t-value for a two-tailed test, with (n - 2) = (8 - 2) = 6
    degrees of freedom and α = 0.01, is approximately ±3.707.
    Traditional method: If |t| > 3.707, reject the null hypothesis. If |t| ≤ 3.707, fail to reject the null
    hypothesis.
    Statistical Decision using t-table (Traditional method): Since |2.156| ≤ 3.707, we fail to reject the null
    hypothesis. There is no significant correlation between the number of hours played sports and test
    scores.
    Contextual decision: Based on the statistical analysis, there is no significant correlation between the
    number of hours Mark plays sports and his test scores. Therefore, we cannot conclude that playing
    sports has a direct impact on test scores.

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