FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

What is Social Science?

 It is the study of how people interact with one another.

 It is a scientific study of man.
 Is a group of academic disciplines that focus on how individuals behave within society. It deals
with socio-cultural , human society, and aspects of human behavior.
 It attempt to explain how society works’ how it grows, employment and unemployment, what
makes people happy.
 Careers in social science include; advertisers, economists, psychologists, teachers, managers,
and social workers.
 In research- it uses qualitative methods

What is Social Studies?

 Is a study which deals with man and his relation with other men and his environment; it is drawn
from social sciences.
 Is concerned with man and his interaction with his social and physical environment, human
relationships.

What kind of Social Science are the Social Sciences?

The social sciences, in studying subjective, inter-subjective, and structural aspects of society, were
often referred to as "soft sciences" in contrast to the "hard sciences," such as the natural sciences,
which focus on objective aspects of nature.

Scope of Social Sciences/Studies

 People across the world and own’s nationality

 people and institutions
 people of earth
 people of time
 people and resources
 Study of natural and Physical Sciences and Fine arts
 Study of Current Affairs
 A study leading to International Understanding
 Practical study of various resources
Scope of Social Sciences

 Study of Human Relation

 Study of man-made institutions
 Society and related study
 Study of past based incidents
 Development of Citizen related traits
 Study of natural Science and development
 Study of relations based on internationalism

Need and Importance of Teaching

Social Sciences in the Philippine School

 To build understanding
 Encourage civic efficacy
 Teach critical thinking
 Instill character
 Provide students an understanding of their role as a citizen in a democracy
 Teach students basic values; justice and equality
• It gives knowledge about civilization and culture.
• It provides knowledge of social development.
• It develops social behavior.
• It develops civil qualities.
• It develops the power of thinking and reasoning.
• It develops the feeling of universal brotherhood.
• It develops modernization.
• It develops suitable proficiency and good habits.
• It develops the moral and social values.
• It develops the all-round personality.

Need and Importance of Teaching

Social Sciences in the school curriculum

• It helps Students to Become Better Citizens: Subjects in Social Studies like Economics, Political
Science and History educate students on Political Ideologies, Constitutional Laws, Citizenship,
Rights and Duties, Morals and Virtues, Social Code of Conduct, thus making children aware of
their roles and responsibilities particularly in relation to social and civic affairs. By providing
relevant information and knowledge, skills and attitudes, the study of Social Science prepares
students to grow up as active, responsible, and reflective members of society. It also teaches
them to address societal and global concerns using literature, technology and other identifiable
community resources.

• Helps to Develop Critical Thinking Abilities: Social Studies inculcate higher order thinking abilities
and skills like – Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Evaluation and Synthesis, Creativity in
 students. Learning a variety of topics such as – Natural Resources, Water Resources, Transport,
Communication, Caste System, Political Ideologies, Social Reformers, Our Cultures, United
Nations, etc give students a chance to gain appropriate information and data in various
contexts.

MEANING AND NATURE OF SOCIAL STUDIES

• Social Studies are concerned with man and his interaction with his social and physical
environment; they deal with human relationships.

• It is a field of study which deals with man, his relation with other men and his environment; its
content is drawn from several social sciences.

Difference between social sciences and social studies

Social Science

• Social Science is a subject area that studies the society and the relationships among individuals
within a society.

• Social Science is categorized into many branches such as Geography, Anthropology, History,
Economics, political science, etc.

• Social Science

• Social Science is a subject area that studies the society and the relationships among individuals
within a society.

• Social Science is categorized into many branches such as Geography, Anthropology, History,
Economics, political science, etc.

Branches of study that analyze society and human interactions:

• Anthropology

• History

• Economics

• Geography etc.

• Streams oriented

• It is the science of society

• The in depth knowledge and systematic study of each branch

• It is empirical and based on various scientific methods to arrive at conclusion

• Based on facts
• Deals with science of society through data analysis

• Are taught under higher studies curriculum

• Purpose: the study is on society and social life of human groups

• Is the inference of the studies with intention of solving problems within the society that leads to
development

• Concerned with the studies of social life of human groups and individuals

• Is divided into many branches

• Uses adult approach- are taught in high school and college

• Are theory part of human affairs

• Are large bodies of organized and authentic knowledge

Social Studies

• Social studies can be introduced as the study of both social sciences and humanities.

• “Social studies, is the integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic
competence.” However, social studies is most often used as a name of the course taught at
schools.

• Is a systematic study of an integrated body of content drawn from the social sciences and
humanities

• It enables students to develop knowledge and understanding of the dynamic and diverse nature
of society and how interactions occur among cultures, societies, and environments

• Is the integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote effective citizenry.
• Are the subjects taught in school- for students to understand effective citizens of society

• Deals with the observation of society: investigate, explore issues, make decisions etc.

• Are subjects most frequently taught in school based students to help them understand how to
become good
• purpose: the study is on both social sciences and humanities in order to become good citizens
• Study the phases of societies
• Social is a term used to describe the broad study of various fields which involves past and
current human behavior and interactions
• Is divided into two main categories: human behavior and interactions
• Child approach- are simplified portion of social science-primary school
• Are the practice part of human affairs
• Gives an insight into various aspects of man and society
Similarities between social sciences and social studies

Both are related to Society and have the same aims and objectives

Both emphasis on inculcating good qualities like truthfulness, sincerity of human being.

Both help understand the various aspects of the society and utilize them.

Both are accurate and reliable.

TERMS OF TEACHING PEDAGOGY

WHAT IS PEDAGOGY?

• It is a method of teaching in which teachers teach, both in theory and in practice.

• Pedagogy is shaped by educator's teaching beliefs and involves their understanding of culture and
different learning styles.

• It is a relationship between the culture and techniques of learning.

WHAT IS PEDAGOGY IN TEACHING?

• Pedagogy in teaching can be referred to as educator's understanding of how the students learn

The teachers are focused on presenting the syllabus to the students in such a way that is relevant to
their needs.

Pedagogy demands classroom interactions between the teacher and students which create a significant
impact on the learner's mind.

GENERAL AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING PEDAGOGY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

1. To acquaint the child with his past and present geographical and social environment.

2.To build social competence.

3.To build intelligent democratic citizenship.

4.To help the child acquire the right attitudes knowledge understanding and competence which he will
need in the Interaction with the social and physical environment.
5.To help the child gain insight into spiritual economic and political values as forces in human behavior
and human relationships.

6.To develop desirable qualities for the all-round development of a rich personality.

7.To foster an attitude towards knowledge, life and learning relevant to present.

8.To promote understanding of all history and all human experience as a process of change and
development.

9.To give a sense of belonging

10. To enable the pupils to use their leisure properly.

11. To help resolve our contemporary social and individual problems.

12.To foster national feelings and to promote international understanding.

VALUES OF TEACHING SOCIAL SCIENCE

Social Science is valuable as a study in more ways than one.

Disciplinary Values Information Values

 Educational Values
 Ethical Values
 Cultural Values
 Political Values
 Nationalistic Values
 Vocational Values

Some Core Teaching Skills

• Some of the skills are extensively used by all teachers in routine teaching.

These skills are known as Core Teaching Skills.

1. Skill of Fluency in Questioning

2. Skill of Explaining

3. Skill of Stimulus Variation

4. Skill of Reinforcement

5. Skill of Using Blackboard

The qualities of a Social Science teacher may be categorized as

Scholarship Professional Training Personality

• Teaching Skills SCHOLARSHIP Acquaintance with problems of present-day life and awareness about
social issues.Constant reading of newspapers, magazines, and other materials. Wide reading of books on
the subject taught. Sound knowledge of the subject taught PERSONALITY

1. Physical aspects Personal appearance including dress body, language, social expression,
mannerism, and personal cleanliness.
2. Etiquette including good manners observances of social norms, courtesy, and refinement. Voice
rich and mellow.
3. Good language command including excellence in pronunciation enunciation and correct
grammar.
4. Health and hygiene.

TEACHING SKILLS
1. Control and modulation of facial expression
2. Greeting and taking up proper positions in the class.
3. Use of appropriate gestures in various.
4. Quality as a social being.
5. Social moderator and engineer.
6. Deep knowledge of the subject.

IMPORTANCE OF GOOD SOCIAL SCIENCE CURRICULUM

1. Synthesis of the subjects of study and life

2. Inquisition and strengthening of knowledge
3. Complete development
4. Development of democratic values
5. Realization of values
6. Harmony between individual and society

BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

Social Science

• Sociology

• Psychology

• Anthropology
 • Economic

• Political science

• Geography

• History

• Linguistics

• Demography

Sociology - Examines society, its institutions, and social interactions to understand social behavior and
patterns.

Psychology - Studies the human mind and behavior, exploring topics like cognition, emotions, and
mental health.

Wilhelm Wundt - the father of Modern Philosophy

•His book published in 1873, "Principles of Physiological Psychology,"

He later opened the world’s first psychology lab in 1879 at the University of Leipzig

Anthropology - Investigates human culture, evolution, and diversity, including cultural anthropology,
archaeology, and biological anthropology

1. Cultural Anthropology

2.Archaeology

2. Biological Anthropology

 Cultural anthropology is the sum of the beliefs, values, symbols, and activities learned and
shared between members of a group and binding them as an identifiable group.

 Archaeological anthropology is the study of past humans and cultures through material
remains. It involves the excavation, analysis and interpretation of artifacts, soils, and cultural
processes.

 Biological/Physical anthropology - Deals with the evolution of humans, their variability, and
adaptations to environmental stresses.

Economics - Analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, as well as
economic systems and policies.

• Mcroeconomics
 • Microeconomics

• Microeconomics is the study of what is likely to happen (tendencies) when individuals make
choices in response to changes in incentives, prices, resources, and/or methods of production.

• Macroeconomics studies how the economy behaves as a whole, including inflation, price levels,
rate of growth, national income, gross domestic product and changes in employment rates..

Polical Science- Focuses on political systems, government structures, international relations, and
political behavior.

Aristotle - Is known as the Father of Political Science.

Geography- Explores the earth's physical features, human-environment interactions, and spatial
patterns of societies.

History- Examines past events, civilizations, and societies to understand historical developments and
their impact on the present.

Linguistics- Is the scientific study of language, and its focus is the systematic investigation of the
properties of particular languages as well as the characteristics of language in general.

Demography- the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which
illustrate the changing structure of human populations.

GROWTH OF SOC.STUD IN THE U.S

• The United States of America appeared to be the “mother” country of Social Studies, Obebe
(1990), opined that social studies first appeared as a curriculum of the educational system of
USA within the first two decades of the 20th century.

• He further remarked that although it was a stormy and difficult birth, distinguished scholars like
John Dewey, George Counts, Edgar Wesley, Harold Rugg and Earle Rugg, were the midwives.

• Thomas Jesse who was the Chairman of National Education Association Committee on Social
Studies

• Social Studies thought started developing in the United States of America in the early 1900.

• By 1921, a national association called National Council for Social Studies (NCSS) whose
membership is opened to person or institution interested in Social Studies was formed.

• The NCSS has since then been playing prominent roles in the development and wider
acceptance of Social Studies across the world.
 • Through the effort of NCSS, various task forces were set up to review the scope, content and
sequences of Social Studies.

• Events in the world scene, such as the Russian launching of Sputnik (1957) and American
internal social problems of the 1960s gave birth to the “new Social Studies” that began in the
1960s.

• During this period, curriculum materials of this new Social Studies were designed to teach
students both the concepts and methods of inquiry used by historians and social scientists for
generating knowledge

• By the seventh decade of the twenty century, the alarming rates of crimes, divorce and illegal
use of drugs on large scale heightened the interest of the Americans in Social Studies.

• Social Studies in American scene as observed by Obebe (1990) does not have a static structure

• It has transformed from citizenship education for national development by enlarging the vision
and meaning of citizenship to include not only the local community, the state and the nation,
but also the global community

• This is in recognition of the fact that all human beings live in a multiboundary world; not simply
a world of nation-states, but one with a diversity of worldwide systems in which all people
affect and are affected by others across the globe

• Social Studies in the United States of America today can therefore be said to be focusing on the
reduction of, pressures, social and environmental problems

• Students are being taught to think globally as they act locally. Learners are taught in ways that
make learning active, interactive, hands on and engaging

This is the idea of Social Studies in the United State of America. While it is true, that other
subjects also contribute towards the development of desirable goals in the youths, Social
Studies is viewed as bearing the greater responsibility. This is because Social Studies deals
directly with human problems and tries to shape the behaviours of individuals

GROWTH OF SOC.STUD IN GREAT BRITAIN

When was social studies introduced in Great Britain?

• He asserts that the "foundations" of social studies originated in Great Britain during the 1820s
and quickly moved to the United States .

Why was social studies introduced in Great Britain?

• to promote social welfare and its development in countries like the United States and others.
The growth and development of social studies in Great Britain can be traced back to the late 19th and
early 20th centuries. During this time, there was a growing recognition of the need to study and
understand society and its various aspects.

The emergence of social sciences, such as sociology, anthropology, and political science, played a
significant role in the development of social studies in Great Britain. These disciplines focused on
studying human behavior, social structures, and political systems, providing a foundation for the study
of society.

Sociology- Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of
human behavior.

Anthropology- Anthropology is the study of the origin and development of human societies and
cultures.

Political Science- Political science is the study of politics and power from domestic, international, and
comparative perspectives.

Education reforms in the late 19th and early 20th centuries also contributed to the growth of social
studies in Great Britain. The introduction of subjects like history, geography, and civics in the curriculum
aimed to provide students with a broader understanding of society and its complexities.

Jean Jacques Rousseau - he influenced and profound social studies in great britain

Pestalozzi his famous follower.

- who believed that children's nature , rather that the structure of the arts and sciences,should be
the starting point of education.

John Dewey an early concept of social studies is found in John Dewey's philosophy of elementary and
secondary education.

Friedrich Froebel Reosseauist ideas are seen also in the work of Friedrich Froebel, who emphasized self-
activity as the central feature of childhood education, and in that of Johann Friedrich Herbart, perhaps
the most influential 19th- century thinker in the development of pedagogy as a science.

Johann Friedrich Herbart

• Johann Friedrich Herbart, perhaps the most influential 19th- century thinker in tge development
of pedagogy as a science.

Laissez-faire

policy of minimum governmental interference in the economic affairs of individuals and society.
 • CurriculumIn the mid-20th century, there was a further expansion of the social studies
curriculum in Great Britain. The inclusion of subjects like economics, psychology, and cultural
studies broadened the scope of social studies, allowing students to explore various aspects of
society and its impact on individuals and communities.
• The growth of social studies in Great Britain was also influenced by an interdisciplinary
approach. Scholars and educators recognized the importance of integrating knowledge from
different disciplines to gain a comprehensive understanding of society. This approach
encouraged collaboration and the exchange of ideas across disciplines, further enriching the
field of social studies.
• Today, social studies in Great Britain continues to evolve and adapt to the changing needs of
society. The curriculum includes a wide range of subjects, including history, geography,
economics, politics, sociology, and psychology. The emphasis is on developing critical thinking
skills, promoting civic engagement, and fostering an understanding of global issues.

GROWTH OF SOC.STUD IN THE PHILIPPINES

Nationalism

 Nationalism plays a significant role in Philippine social studies. It emphasizes the promotion of a
strong national identity and pride in Filipino culture and heritage. This philosophy is rooted in
the idea of preserving and celebrating the unique history and traditions of the Philippines.

Progressivism

 Progressivism, as an educational philosophy, has also influenced social studies in the

Philippines. It advocates for experiential and interactive learning, which aligns with the hands-on
approach often used in teaching social studies. This approach encourages critical thinking and
problem-solving skills among students.

Constructivism

 The constructivist philosophy suggests that learners actively construct their own understanding
of the world through experiences and interactions. In Philippine social studies, this philosophy
encourages students to explore and question historical events and societal issues, fostering a
deeper understanding of their significance.

Cultural Identity
  The Philippines is a culturally diverse nation, and this diversity is reflected in its social studies
curriculum. The philosophy of recognizing and respecting cultural diversity is fundamental.
Social studies aims to promote intercultural understanding and tolerance among students.

Critical Theory

 Some aspects of critical theory, with roots in Marxism and postmodernism, have influenced the
examination of power dynamics, inequality, and social justice within the Philippines. Social
studies may incorporate critical perspectives to encourage students to analyze societal
structures and advocate for positive change.

. Global Perspective

 Given the interconnectedness of the modern world, there is a growing emphasis on a global
perspective in Philippine social studies. This philosophy encourages students to understand
global issues, international relations, and the country's role in the global community.

Therefore, it's important to note that the philosophical background of social studies in the
Philippines continues to evolve to meet the changing needs of society and education. These
philosophical influences help shape the curriculum and teaching methods to provide students with a
well-rounded understanding of their society, culture, and the world at large.

PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND OF SOC.STUD AND

OBJECTIIVES UNDER THE AMERICAN era.
Social Studies is an interdisciplinary field of education that focuses on the study of society, its structures,
cultures, and the interactions among individuals and groups within a society. It encompasses various
subjects such as history, geography, civics, economics, sociology, anthropology, and political science.

The relationship between the philosophical foundations of social studies education and the objectives of
education in the American era is a captivating exploration of how various educational philosophies have
influenced schooling in the United States.

Philosophical movements such as Reconstructionism, Pragmatism, Idealism, Progressivism, Empiricism,

and Cognitivism have all contributed to the development of informed citizens and critical thinkers.
Visionary philosophers like John Dewey, George Counts, Maxine Greene, Paulo Freire, and Lawrence
Kohlberg have played crucial roles in shaping educational discourse, advocating for experiential learning,
social justice, moral development, and the integration of real-life experiences into the curriculum.

The Philosophical Background of Social Studies

The philosophical background of social studies education in the American era influenced the objectives
of education in various ways. Let's explore the relationship between each philosophy and the objectives
of education:

• Reconstructionism

• Constructionism

• Idealism

• Progressivism

• Pragmatism

• Empiricism

• Cognitivism

The Philosophical Foundations of Social Studies

Reconstructionism is a philosophy that emphasizes transforming society through education.

• In the American era, the objectives of education aligned with reconstructionism

by aiming to create informed and active citizens who could contribute to social
change and address societal issues.

• George S. Counts was a prominent proponent of Reconstructionism in

education. He advocated for a transformative approach to education that could
address social issues and bring about positive change in society.

The Philosophical Foundations of Social Studies

Constructionism emphasizes hands-on learning and the active construction of knowledge.

• The objectives of education aligned with constructionism by focusing on fostering

critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and creativity.

• Seymour Papert, a mathematician and educational theorist, is often credited as the key
proponent of Constructionism. He emphasized hands-on learning, construction of
knowledge, and the use of technology to support active learning experiences.

Idealism emphasizes the pursuit of knowledge, truth, and the development of intellectual abilities.

• The education objectives aligned with idealism by emphasizing the cultivation of moral
values, critical thinking, and the pursuit of intellectual growth.

• Ralph Waldo Emerson and Josiah Royce were influential proponents of Idealism in
education during the American era. They believed in the pursuit of truth, intellectual
development, and the cultivation of moral values.
Progressivism focuses on individual growth and social progress.

• The objectives of education focused on student-centered learning, active engagement,

and the integration of real-world experiences to foster intellectual and personal
development.

• John Dewey is widely recognized as the leading proponent of Progressivism in

education. His progressive ideas emphasized experiential learning, democracy in
education, and the integration of education with real-life experiences.

Pragmatism emphasizes the practical application of knowledge and problem-solving skills.

• In the American era, education objectives aligned with pragmatism by emphasizing the
development of practical skills, critical thinking, and adaptability.

• William James and John Dewey were prominent proponents of Pragmatism in

education. They emphasized the practical application of knowledge, problem-
solving skills, and the importance of adapting to real-life situations.

Empiricism emphasizes the importance of sensory experience and observation in acquiring knowledge.

• In the American era, education objectives aligned with empiricism by promoting

scientific literacy, observation skills, and empirical inquiry.

• John Locke and Francis Bacon were influential proponents of Empiricism in

education during the American era. They emphasized the role of sensory
experience, observation, and empirical evidence in acquiring knowledge.

Cognitivism focuses on the mental processes involved in learning, such as memory, attention, and
problem-solving.

• The objectives aligned with cognitivism by aiming to develop cognitive skills, analytical
thinking, and the ability to apply knowledge to new situations.

• Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky were key proponents of Cognitivism in education.
They focused on the study of cognitive processes, such as memory, attention,
and problem-solving, and their influence on learning and development.

Overall, the philosophical background of social studies education in the American era influenced the
objectives of education by emphasizing the development of informed, critical thinkers, active citizens,
and individuals who could contribute to societal progress. The different philosophies provided a
 framework for shaping educational goals and approaches that aimed to prepare students for the
challenges and opportunities of their time.

The Objectives of Education During the American Era.

During the American era, the objectives of education underwent various shifts and developments. The
objectives were influenced by social, political, and economic factors.

• Citizenship Education

• Workforce Preparation

• Social Mobility

• Intellectual Development

• Moral and Ethical Development

• Cultural Appreciation and Diversity

• Personal Development

The Objectives of Education During the American Era

Citizenship Education: Promoting active and informed citizenship was a primary objective of education.
Education aimed to instill democratic values, civic responsibility, and an understanding of the rights and
responsibilities of citizens

Workforce Preparation: Education aimed to equip individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary
for employment and career success.

Social Mobility: The objective was to provide access to education regardless of socioeconomic
background and to help students overcome barriers to social advancement.

Intellectual Development: Education aimed to foster intellectual growth, critical thinking, and problem-
solving skills

Moral and Ethical Development: Education sought to promote moral values, ethical behavior, and
character development

Cultural Appreciation and Diversity: Education aimed to foster an appreciation for cultural diversity and
promote understanding among different groups.

Personal Development: Education sought to support the holistic development of individuals, including
their physical, emotional, and social well-being

Famous Philosophers in the American Era

During the American era, several famous philosophers made significant contributions to social studies
education.
• John Dewey- John Dewey advocated for an experiential and hands-on approach to learning,
emphasizing the integration of real-life experiences and democratic values into the curriculum.

His ideas laid the foundation for progressive education and influenced the development of social
studies as an interdisciplinary subject.

• George Counts- George Counts was an influential philosopher of education who emphasized
social reconstructionism.

He believed that education should be used as a tool for addressing social inequities and
promoting social change.

His work shaped the philosophy of social studies education, emphasizing its role in fostering
democratic values and social responsibility.

• Maxine Greene- Maxine Greene was a philosopher and advocate for arts-based education.

She believed that the arts, including literature, visual arts, and music, could foster critical
thinking, empathy, and social awareness.
Greene's ideas contributed to the inclusion of arts-based approaches in social studies education,
encouraging students to engage with diverse perspectives and explore social issues through
creative expression

• Paulo Freire - Freire's pedagogy of the oppressed emphasized the importance of dialogue,
critical consciousness, and social justice.

His ideas inspired educators to incorporate participatory and transformative approaches in

social studies education, empowering students to critically analyze systems of power and work
towards social change.

• Lawrence Kohlberg- Lawrence Kohlberg was a psychologist who developed a theory of moral
development.

His work contributed to the understanding of how individuals develop moral reasoning and
ethical decision-making skills.

Kohlberg's theories influenced social studies education by emphasizing the importance of moral
education and ethical development in fostering responsible citizenship.
 BACKGROUND OF SOCSTUD. AND OBJECTIVE OF
EDUCATION UNDER THE NEW PHILIPPINES
REPUBLIC

The four key philosophical foundations of social studies

Idealism

• Plato and Socrates

• Believes in two forms of the world: Spiritual and material.

• Prime aim of life: to achieve spiritual values of truth, beauty, goodness (undying values).

• Ideas are the only true reality, more important than objects and materials.

Pragmatism

• Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey.

• Pragma: to do, to make

• Began in the United States in the 1870s.

• Experience and useful=TRUE

• Thought must produce actions.

• Actions are more important than thought.

Realism

• Aristotle
• Actualities of life -what is real
• Ultimate reality is the world of Physical Objects: the world is material.
• Reality is independent of the human mind.

Progressivism

• Established by John Dewey in America (Mid 1920's-Mid 1950's).

• School should improve the way of life of our citizens: Freedom and democracy.
• Believes in change and growth.
• Learners-enlightened and intelligent to fully live NOW.
• Problem based=Solving and Analysis skills.
 Objectives of Education in the New Philippines Republic

National Identity and Cultural Preservation-

Fostering a strong sense of Filipino identity and preserving our rich cultural heritage.

Civic Responsibility and Active Citizenship

Preparing students to be responsible and engaged citizens.

Economic Development and Social Progress

Equipping students with the skills for economic growth and societal advancement.

Alignment with Idealism

How does Idealism align with the educational objectives of the New Philippines Republic?
Idealism's focus on moral and ethical values contributes to national identity and civic
responsibility.

Alignment with Pragmatism

Pragmatism aligns with our nation's goals for economic development and social progress. A
pragmatic approach emphasizes practical skills and problem-solving abilities, which are crucial
for contributing to our nation's growth and advancement.

Alignment with Realism

Realism's emphasis on practical knowledge and skills aligns with our objectives as well.
Education grounded in realism equips students with the tools they need to actively participate
in the workforce and contribute to economic development.

Alignment with Progressivism

Progressivism encourages active learning and engagement, which directly supports our
objective of preparing active citizens. When students are encouraged to question, think
critically, and engage in their communities, they become agents of progress and positive
change.

Conclusion
This presentation has illuminated the profound connections between the philosophical
foundations of social studies and the objectives of education in the New Philippines Republic.
We've seen how these philosophies shape our educational system and contribute to national
identity, active citizenship, economic development, and social progress. As we continue to
align our philosophy and education, we pave the way for a brighter future for our nation.
 SOCIAL STUDIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

DIFINITION OF SOCIAL STUDIES

• National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) defines social studies as “the integrated
study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence.” Within the
school program, social studies provides coordinated, systematic study drawing upon
such disciplines as anthropology, archaeology, economics, geography, history, law,
philosophy, political science, psychology, religion, and sociology.”
In essence, social studies promotes knowle

WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY SOCIAL STUDIES?

• “Citizens must have some depth of historical, political, and cultural understanding.
Making good decisions requires that. It's one thing to have a nation of diverse opinions,
which is crucial for democracy, but opinion before knowledge, or without tolerance,
leads to demise.”
• Without historical understanding, there can be no wisdom; without geographical
understanding, no cultural or environmental intelligence. Without economic
understanding, there can be no sane use of resources and no rational approach to
decision making and, therefore, no future. And without civic understanding, there can be
no democratic citizens and, therefore, no democracy.

What is the purpose of social studies education?

The purpose of social studies education is to help students develop:

• social understanding (i.e., knowledge of human societies) and
• civic competence (i.e. democratic citizenship).

SOCIAL UNDERSTANDING
 • It teaches and trains people tobe good citizens and nation builders. It does this by
helping students to develop good skills, habits and positive attitude towards one
another and towards the nation.
• It enables people to know and use the resource of their physical environment very well.
• It helps young people and adults to understand the modern world.
• Social Studies trains people to be effective leaders and good followers.
• Social studies makes people understand their culture and the culture of others. Thus
people can appreciate their differences and the need to live as one society.
• Through Social Studies, we develop a curiosity about our environment.
• Social Studies helps us to develop a good sense of judgement and a sense of moral and
social responsibility. This enables us to become useful members, not destroyers of our
society and nation.

Civic competence

• Civic competence is the readiness and willingness to assume citizenship responsibilities. These
responsibilities include more than just voting. For in a democracy, it is also one’s responsibility
to serve on juries, to be lawful, and to be just. “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice
everywhere,” Martin Luther King, Jr

DEFINITION OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

• The Social Sciences describe disciplines that explore human behaviour and use the
scientific method where information is collected and analyzed.
• These disciplines involve research and data collection and of course analysis. Social
scientists apply their research to help solve problems that may occur in current society.

TYPES OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

ANTHROPOLOGY

The term anthropology is from the greek word "anthropos" meaning "man" understood the
mean mankind of humanity and "logia" which mean "discourse " or "study" amd was first
used in 1501 by German philosopher Magnus Hundt.
It attempt to provide explanation for the historical, cultural and biological influences by the
societies across culture and time.

PSYCHOLOGY

Is the understanding of the mind, thought and behavior.

·Is an academic and applied feild involving the study of behavior and mental processes.
 ·Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human
activity, including problem of individuals daily lives and the treatment of mental illness.

PSYCHOLOGY

Is the understanding of the mind, thought and behavior.

·Is an academic and applied field involving the study of behavior and mental processes.
·Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human
activity, including problem of individuals daily lives and the treatment of mental illness.
Social science discipline which aims to discover the basic structure of human society.
·The meaning of the word come from the suffix "ology" which means "study of" derived from
greek and the stem "soci- which from the latin word "socious" meaning "companion" or
society in general.

GEOGRAPHY

From the greek word

"geograpiya" which means “earth describe-write”
·Deals with the cultural and physical factors that shale economic, social,political and
environmental patterns of diverse regions and people
·As a discipline it can be split into two main sub feilds (human geography and physical
geography)

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Concerned with the power- its excercise and restraint within the formal institution of the
government.
·It is an academic and research discipline that deals with the theory and practice of politics
and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior.

ECONOMICS

The word economics is from the greek word "oikos" family household, state and nomos
custom law and hence means household management or management of the state
·Deals on how society allocates it scarce resources among its unlimited wants and needs.
·It studies the forces and principles that influence individuals decision making.
Economics is a social science that seeks to analyze and describe the productio, distribution
and consumption of wealth
·The classic brief definition of economics set out by robins in 1932 is the science which studies
human behavior as a relation between scarce means having alternative uses

LINGUISTIC

Investigates the cognitive and social aspects of human languange

·The field is divided into areas that focus on aspect of the linguistic signal such as;
·Syntax ( the study of the rules that govern the structure of sentences)
 ·Semantics ( the study of meaning)
·Phonetics (the study of speech and sounds) and
·Phonology ( the study of the abstract sound system of a particular languange)

Law

In common place means rule which (unlike a rule of ethics) is capable of enforcement
·Law is not always enforceable especially the international relation context
·It has been defined as an "systems of rule" as an "interpretative concept" to achive justice, as
an authority to mediate peoples interest, and even as , the command of a sovereign, backed
by the threat of sanction.

History

From the greek word "historia" meaning "inquiry of knowledge acquired by investigation.”
·Deals with the study of collective experiences of human societies within the context of the
passage time.
·It is the continous, systematic narrative and research of the past events as relating to the
human species; as well as the study of all events in time relation to humanity.

SOCIAL STUDIES AND THE ARTS

• The relationship of the arts to cultural history present a perfect opportunity to teach social
studies and multicultural themes
• Art has been involved in societies since ancient civilizations, cave paintings, drawing, and the
art of the Egyptian, for example, are all parts of social sciences
• Studies in virtual art provide an opportunity for students to learn about world history,
cultures, and geography while engaging creativity.

• One of the easiest areas in which to integrate the arts is through social studies. In fact, the
arts are an important part of the national and state social studies and history curriculum
standards. The visual and performing arts standards and the history/social science overlap
throughout each grade level.

Areas of History Social Science Framework that emphasizes the arts are:
 I. Historical Literacy

• Develop Research Skills

• The study of History involves the imaginative reconstruction of the past.

• Understand the meaning of time and chronology

• Analyze cause and effect

• Understand the reasons for community and change

II. Geographical Literacy

• In the study, it includes media literacy, literacy maps and knowledge of geography related to
the world issues and current events (population, natural resources and weather, health,
urbanization, deforestation, climate change)

• Geographical Literacy skills are assumed to affect the geographical skills

III. Cultural Literacy

• Cultural Literacy means being able to understand the traditions, regular activities and history
of a group of people from a given culture.

• Being able to engage with these traditions, activities and history in cultural spaces like museums,
galleries and performances.

• Culture is how a group of people lives.

Connecting Social Studies to Art

Geography – Art can be used naturally for geography, but it can also be used for mapping skills. Students
can create maps that are artistic and beautiful.

Culture – You can use art to teach about different cultures. For example, you can look up the artists from
any country and look at how they incorporate their own culture into their art such as dancing, singing,
drawing and many more.

History – Art history is considered a humanities subject, although, it is related to social sciences like
history and anthropology. Art has been involved in societies since ancient civilizations, cave paintings,
drawings and the art of the Egyptians, for example, are all part of social sciences studies. Studying art
throughout time in different societies can give us an idea of how individuals and societies functioned
and can be a useful tool in the social sciences.
The importance of knowing the Arts
and Social Sciences

• Exploring the realm of arts and social sciences can offer a plethora of benefits to both individuals
and society, Humans have an innate desire to understand the world around us, and the arts and
social sciences provide a unique perspective on human behavior, culture, and society

• Creative expression lies at the heart of the arts and social sciences. It refers to the ability to
convey ideas, emotions, and experiences innovatively and imaginatively.

• Creative expression is not limited to artistic endeavors. Still, it is also an integral part of social
sciences. It explores complex social phenomena and allows individuals to tap into their
innermost thoughts and feelings and communicate their perspectives.

SOCIAL STUDIES AND SOME OTHER DISCIPLINES

AREA STUDIES

• Area studies are interdisciplinary fields of research and scholarship pertaining to particular
geographical, national/federal, or cultural regions.

COMMUNICATION STUDIES

• Communication studies or communication science is an academic discipline that deals with

processes of human communication and behavior, patterns of communication in interpersonal
relationships, social interactions and communication in different cultures.

CULTURE

• Culture is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in
human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits
of the individuals in these groups. Culture is often originated from or attributed to a specific
region or location.

EDUCATION

• Education is the transmission of knowledge, skills, and character traits. Some researchers stress
the role of critical thinking to distinguish education from indoctrination. These disagreements
affect how to identify, measure, and improve forms of education.

INTERNATIONAL RELATION

• International relations are the interactions among sovereign states. The scientific study of those
interactions is also referred to as international studies, international politics, or international
affairs
DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

• Development studies is an interdisciplinary branch of social science. Development studies is

offered as a specialized master's degree in a number of reputed universities around the world.

DIPLOMACY

• Diplomacy comprises spoken or written communication by representatives of states intended to

influence events in the international system. Diplomacy is the main instrument of foreign policy
which represents the broader goals and strategies that guide a state's interactions with the rest
of the world.

JOURNALISM

• Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on the interaction of events, facts, ideas,
and people that are the "news of the day" and that informs society to at least some degree of
accuracy.

ENGINEERING

• Engineering is the practice of using natural science, mathematics, and the engineering design
process to solve technical problems, increase efficiency and productivity, and improve systems.

INTERNAL RELATIONS

• Internal relations are those relations that are intrinsic to the nature of one or more of the relata.
They are a kind of essential relation, rather than an essential property. For example, an arc of a
circle is internally related to the center of that circle in the sense that it could not be that arc of
that circle without having that relation to that center of the circle