Zhoua, D. J; Wanga, Z. H.; Zhanga Y. R.; Cuia Z. G.

Flexible syntheses of 5,8-disubstituted

indolizidine poisonous-frog alkaloids via a Michael-type conjugate addition. Journal of
Chemical Research. 2017, 41, 98-105.

This study was conducted to develop a selective method to synthesize 5,8-disubstituted

indolizidine poisonous-frog alkaloids. The key reaction for the selectivity was Michael-type
addition. However, the using of Arndt–Eistert reaction in this reaction is still a key step. This
article was published four years ago, so can be categorized as a current research. This article
was written to communicate based on primary research. The corresponding author of this
article was Dr. Zhou. He is affiliated with Medical School, Henan Polytechnic University.
The article was peer reviewed and published in the journal that covers all branches of
experimental chemistry. He actively publish articles relating to organic syntheses and
biomolecular mechanisms. This article was chosen because bacause it provides an example of
exosceleton chain elongation. This article is different/same/adds more example.

Davies, S. G.; Lee, J. A. Roberts, P. M.; Stonehouse, J. P.; Thomson, J. E. Asymmetric

synthesis of (-)-(S,S)-homaline. Tetrahedron Letters. 2012, 53, 1119–1121.

This study was conducted to develop a selective method to synthesize 5,8-disubstituted

indolizidine poisonous-frog alkaloids. The key reaction for the selectivity was Michael-type
addition. However, the using of Arndt–Eistert reaction in this reaction is still a key step. This
article was published four years ago, so can be categorized as a current research. This article
was written to communicate based on primary research. The corresponding author of this
article was Dr. Zhou. He is affiliated with Medical School, Henan Polytechnic University.
The article was peer reviewed and published in the journal that covers all branches of
experimental chemistry. He actively publish articles relating to organic syntheses and
biomolecular mechanisms. This article was chosen because bacause it provides an example of
exosceleton chain elongation. This article is different/same/adds more example.

Gaugele, D.; Maier M. E. Approach to the Core Structure of the Polycyclic Alkaloid
Palhinine A. Synlett. 2013, 24, 0955–0958.

The objective of this research was to give an alternative approach to synthesis palhinine A, a
compound that has been synthesized from Palhinhaea cernua. The aim was to assemble the
basic scaffold of palhinine A, namely isotwistane. In this study, bicyclo[2,2,2]octane ring
system was established by reaction of an cyclic α.β-unsaturated ketone with methyl acrylate.
The reaction was followed by Arndt-Eistart Homologation which was important to make the
third ring system. Currently, this article is 8 years old. The research was an experimental and
the article aimed to report the finding of the research, so it could be used by other scientist in
the same interst. The corresponding author of this article is Dr. Maier. He is a Professor of
Organic Chemistry at Universität Tübingen. His research interest is in synthesis of natrual
products. He has extensively published total synthesis of natural products by employing
various routes. This article was peer reviewed and published in an international scientific
journal that specializes on original contributions of fundamental research in synthetic organic
chemistry. This article is chosen because it demonstrate the importance of and corboxylic
substituent at cyclic ring and how it can be elongated by Arnd-Eistert homologation to next to
be use to form a new ring. The resource of diazomethane in the Arnd-Eistert homologation
was also interesting since it uses Me3SiCHN2 rather than conventional CH2N2. This article is
different/same/adds more example.

Trinh, T. H. H.; Nguyen K. H.; Amaral, P. A.; Gouault, N. Total synthesis of (−)-epimyrtine
by a gold-catalyzed hydroamination approach. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2042–2047.

This article was written to communicate findings from a primary research. The research
aimed to sythesize (−)-epimyrtine in a highly enantiomeric selective fashion. Arndt-Esitert
homologation was the very first step in this synthesis, allowing the precursor compound to be
achieved from commercially available compound N-boc D-alanine. The authots amphasizing
that the Au-catalyzed step to form 6-heteromebered ring was the key step of this synthesis.
The corresponding author of this research is Dr. Gouault. He is an associate professor at
Université de Rennes. He has published articles related to organic compound syntheses and
biochemistry. This article was peer-reviewed and published in a journal with dicipline in
organic chemistry. This article was chosen because it shows a modification in which the
second step of the Arndt-Esitert homologation was not converted to carboxylic acid as usual,
rather to hydroxylamine which was important for the next step. This article is
different/same/adds more example.

Nguyen, V. K.; and Kou K. G. M. The biology and total syntheses of bisbenzylisoquinoline
alkaloids. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2021, 19, 7535.

Miller, E. R.; Hovey, T. M.; Scheidt, K. A. A Concise, Enantioselective Approach for the
Synthesis of Yohimbine Alkaloids. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 2187−2192.

Xu, W; Wu, S.; Zhou, L.; Liang, G. Total Syntheses of Echinopines. Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 8.

This reseach was conducted to design synthses route for echinopines A and B. The synthesis
was employed aldol-Henry reaction and Tiffeneau-Demjanov rearrangement to assemble the
main ring system. In this synthesis Arndt-Esitert homologation palyed role in the finishing
step. The carboxylic substituent was elongated to give the desired compounds. The
corresponding author of this article is Dr. Liang. He is professor at Nankai University. He has
extensively invovled in primary reseach of published articles based. Most his publication is
relating to syntheses of poly-cyclic organic compounds. Dr. Liang is abviously an expert in
this field. This article was peer-reviewed and accepted in a reputable journal that specializes
in organic chemistry field. This article is chosen because it excelently shows how Arndt-
Esitert homologation was used to finish a synthetic route. This synthesis also intresting by the
case that it used PhCOOAg salt in the Arndt-Esitert homologation. This article is
different/same/adds more example.
Sizemore, N.; Rychnovsky, S. D. Studies toward the Synthesis of Palhinine Lycopodium
Alkaloids: A Morita−Baylis−Hillman/ Intramolecular Diels−Alder Approach. Org. Lett.
2014, 16, 688−691.

This research shows a different approach compare to Gaugele, et al paper.

Rychnovsky

Mohanlal, S.; Sharma, N. K. Synthesis of β 3-Aryl-Alaninyl Derivatives by sp3 C-H

Activation with Pd(OAc)2 Catalyst/Pivalic Acid in DCE and Their Structural Studies in Solid
State. ChemistrySelect. 2019, 4, 7058 –7066.

This research was conducted to invetigate the influence of Pd(OAc)2 to activate the sp 3 C-H
bond in the formation of β3-Aryl-Alaninyl Derivatives. The result showed that Pd(OAc)2
was indeed regioselectively activated in the SP3 C-H bond. The finding of the formation
supramolecular self-assembly structure by β3-Aryl-Alaninyl derivatives was also outlined.
This reseach used Arndt-Einsteirt homogation to introduce the aryl funtional group.

Davies, S. G.; Fletcher, A. M.; Thomson, J. E. Syntheses of (R)-sitagliptin. Tetrahedron:

Asymmetry. 2015, 26, 1109–1116.

This research was conducted to design a new synthetic route for (R)-sitagliptin. This reseact
emphasizes in stereoselective and stereospecific strategies.