KARUME INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

EEU 07517 FUNDAMENTAL OF ELECTRICAL MACHINERY.

GROUP NUMBER 05.

STUDY TOUR REPORT.

BACHELOR DEGREE IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING STUDENTS

WITH OUR LECTURERS AND ZECO INSTRUCTOR FIRST ONE FROM RIGHT SIDE.THE
PICTURE WAS TAKEN AT ZECO.

To be submitted to: Mr.Sharif.

Submitted by: Wardat John Komesha KIST/BEE/20/0004

Yasini Twaha Omary KIST/BEE/20/0026
Juma Ali Juma KIST/BEE/20/0014

Submission Date: 9 Jan 2023.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
First and foremost,we thank our almighty ALLAH for all guidance he provided to us from the
starting till the final of our study tour.Our sincere gratitude is to our module tutors Mr.Sharif
for Electrical Machinery Module and Ms.Nyausi for Electrical Power and Transmission
System Module ,for coordinating our industrial tour to Fumba power plant in Zanzibar and
Zanzibar Electricity Corporation (ZECO).

We would like to extend our sincere appreciations and gratitudes to our institute ,KARUME
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (KIST) for allowing us to have the study tour and
provided us with the transport facilities.Also we would like to thank our department and
administration at all for arranging the tour without which the tour would not have been
successful.

Our gratefulness sprits correspondingly to both ZECO and Fumba power plant for allowing
us to have the study tour with them and provided us with the informations and knowledges
to extend our leter skills.Their support was highly appreciated.We also express our deepest
appreciation to Mr.Amrani from Fumba power plant and ZECO for his instructions support
provided to us.

After the small acknowledgement above ,below is the report about what we learnt in our
study tour.Simply or in a Summary we learnt a little bit about the historical background of
Fumba power station, undersea cable,how they are cooling,and how the power is controlled
in control chamber.For ZECO side we learnt about Transformers,how to perform short
circuit and open cicuit transfomers test practically,the aims for perfoming them.

Also in Zanzibar Electricity Corporation (ZECO) side we examined the internal structures of
the transformer,how the power is controlled from Fumba to ZECO subsation,and also we
got a chance to move around power transfomers which located over there.

Now,let’s dive to the report itself and examine in deep about what learnt in study tour from
the summary above.And this report also has provided with the aids of some references
which shall be provided at the end of this report.We are going to start with the historical
background of both Zanzibar Electricity corporation (ZECO) and Fumba power Plant.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ZANZIBAR ELECTRICITY CORPORATION(ZECO) AND FUMBA
POWER PLANT.
In the study tour the historical background of Fumba power plant was a little bit provide to
us with the instructor from there (Fumba power station).With addition to ZECO
background,below was the history for both ZECO and Fumba power station learnt from the
tour.
The development of the electricity sector in Zanzibar started in the beginning of
the 20th century. In the year 1908, coal-fired generators were first installed to
provide Electricity in Unguja Island. In 1954 the coal technology was abandoned and
diesel Generators introduced and used until 1980, when Unguja Island was connected
to the Tanzania National Grid, through a 132kV 45MW sub-marine cable, in 2013 new
Submarine was connected with capacity of 132kV 100MW from Tanzania National
Grid to Fumba power station located at Fumba in Zanzibar which is still in use to date.

OLD TRANSMISSION LINE WHICH RECEIVES 45MW FROM UNDERSEA CABLE

LOCATED AT FUMBA IN ZANZIBAR UNGUJA ISLAND.
NEW TRANSMISSION LINE WHICH RECEIVES 100MW FROM UNDERSEA
CABLES,LOCATED AT FUMBA IN ZANZIBAR.

The State Fuel and Power Corporation (SFPC) was established in 1964 under the
then Ministry of Water, Construction, Land and Environment by Presidential Decree
No. 12 of 1964. It was made responsible for managing the power stations and
providing services on both islands. Sector reform under the Act No.3 of 2006
transferred regulatory issues from the utility to the parent ministry and established the
Zanzibar Electricity Corporation (ZECO) thereby replacing ZSFPC to facilitate the
generation, transmission, transformation, distribution, supply and use of electricity in
the Islands of Zanzibar.
ZECO is 100% owned by the Government through the Ministry of Land,
Housing,Water and Energy, which assumes a supervisory role to the Corporation. The
Corporation is governed by the board of directors, appointed by the Government who
supervise the ZECO management and ensure the implementation of the
Government’s policies. ZECO is expected to provide reliable and affordable electricity
in Zanzibar, as an important input in boosting economic growth and social
development in the isles.

AT FUMBA POWER PLANT.

While we were there at Fumba power plant after provided with the historical
background,we also learnt about sizes of transmission cables and undersea oil filled cables
for both lines(new one and old one) was about 95mm2 for undersea oil filled cables and
about 400 mm2 for overhead cables.And the length of the cable from Tanzania mainland to
Fumba is about 37.5Km.
We also learnt about the cooling method of the cables,where the cables are cooled using
the oil,and the cooling process is controlled within a chamber called Plumbing plant. We
also learnt a little bit about how the plumbing plant control the cooling of the cables.The
appearance of the plumbing plant is as shown below.

PLUMBING PLANT.
The plumbing plant contains the several pipes,red pipes,white pipes and green pipes as
shown in the image above.Second Motor automatically sucking the air from the tank to
maintain oil pressure in normal condition.When the oil pressure in submarine cable is
high,the red pipes filled with oil automatically,and provide the oil to the tank through the
green pipes.

AN OIL TANK.

When the oil pressure is low,the sensor simulate first motor to suck oil through white pipes
to carry oil fom the tank toward the cable again so as to maintain the pressure within the
cable(submarine oil filled cables).The normal pressure in the cable is about 6.5mmHg to
about 8.5mmHg.

In the transmission line the corona effect sounds were reduced by using vibration dumper
and arking cone.The surge effects were also reduced using surge counter in both the old
transmission line and new transmission line.Clear appearance of plumbing plant is as shown.
CLEAR APPEARANCE OF GREEN PIPES,WHITE PIPES,RED PIPES,FIRST MOTOR AND SECOND
MOTOR.

The top part act as a switch to control the bottom system of pipes and motors.And also the
pressure of the oil can be obtained by reading the pressure scale on the top yellow board,at
first position from your right.

We can say that,the above were all about what we learnt in our first station of study tour
which was Fumba.Now let’s come up to our second station of study tour which was ZECO at
Mtoni in Zanzibar.

AT ZANZIBAR ELECTRICITY CORPORATION(ZECO)

While we were at Zanzibar Electricity Corporation (ZECO),we examined Three phase

stepdown transformers,distribution transfomers,power transfomer,and also perfomed the
open circuit and short circuit test.And also we examined the internal structures of the
transformer.
Three phase stepdown transformer is that three phase transformer which reduces the
received voltage or current to the required amount of voltage or current.It has High tension
bushes for high input voltage or current and Low tension bushes for low output voltage or
current.The following is the appearance of a transformer with it’s bushes.
It can be seen in the image below,it’s a transformer with it’s high tension bushes on left side
and low tension bushes on right side (The small bushes)

A THREE PHASE TRANSFORMER WITH THE HIGH TENSION AND LOW TENSION BUSHES
We also learnt the basic components of transfomers .And the following were some basic
components of transformer we learnt.
1. Laminated core
2. Windings
3. Insulating Materials
4. Transformer oil
5. Tap changer
6. Conservator
7. Breather

8.Bushing.

1. Laminated core

Core is used to support the windings in the transformer. It also provides a low reluctance path to the
flow of magnetic flux. It is made up of laminated soft iron core in order to reduce eddy current loss
and Hysteresis loss. The composition of a transformer core depends on such factors as voltage,
current, and frequency. The transformer core is made of cold-rolled grain-oriented steel or in short
CRGO.

2. Windings

There are two windings wound over the transformer core which are insulated from each other.
Windings consists of several turns of copper coils bundled together an each bundles are
connected in series to form a winding.

a)High voltage windings are made up of copper coil. The number of turns in it is the multiple
of the number of turns in the low voltage windings. It has copper coils thinner than that of the
low voltage windings.

b)Low voltage winding has lesser number of turns than that of the high voltage windings. It is
made up of the thick copper conductors. This is because the current in the low voltage windings
is higher than that of high voltage windings. Transformer can be supplied from either LV or
HV windings based on the requirement.

5. Tap changer

The output voltage may vary according to the input voltage and the load. During loaded
conditions the voltage on the output terminal fall and during off load conditions the output
voltage increases. In order to balance the voltage variations tap changers are used. Tap changers
can be either on load tap changer or off load tap changers . In on load tap changers the tapping
can be changed without isolating the transformer from the supply and in off load tap changers
it is done after disconnecting the transformer. Automatic tap changers are also available.
 A TRASNFORMER WITH A TAPE CHANGER

6.Bushing.

There are many methods to classify the types of bushings. These classifications are based on
practical reasons. Bushings can be classified according to:

1. Insulating Media on ends

2. Construction

3. Insulation inside bushing

Based on construction bushings are of two types - solid type or bulk type and the capacitance-
graded or condenser type.

And based on the insulation inside bushing they are classified as - Air-Insulated Bushings, Oil-
Insulated or Oil-Filled Bushings, Oil-Impregnated Paper-Insulated Bushings, Resin-Bonded or
-Impregnated Paper-Insulated Bushings, Cast-Insulation Bushings, Gas-Insulated Bushings

7.Oil tank.

This part of the transformer contains the assembly of the core and the winding which is
immersed in insulation oil.It can be observed from the inner part of the transformer as it shown
in the following image.
THE INNER PART OF A TRANSFORMER WITH THE OIL TANK AT THE BOTTOM

Also we learnt about short circuit transformer test in which the secondary bushes were both
connected together and then connected to the neutral point(neutral bushing) for short
circuit.The voltage supply connected at the primary bushes together with the wattmeter
and ammeter.

The image below shows three small bushes were connected together and finally were
connected to the neutral bush.
CONNECTION OF LOW TENSION BUSHING FOR SHORT CIRCUIT

The aim for short circuit were provided as;

 Looking the balance of the current in the windings

 Looking if we will get the same amount of rated current from the manufacturer of
that transformer.
 Observing if there is a zero current at the neutral bushing or not.

The aim for open circuit test were provided as;

 To look the relation between the transformer body and transformer phases.
 To look the relation of the current between the low tension bushing and high tension
bushing.
 Does voltage between phases is zero?
We also examined a power transformer rated to about 60MVA which can be shown as
follows

A POWER TRANSFORMER

We can say the above is a short report for what we learnt from our study tour.

REFERENCES

 https://www.zeco.co.tz,historical background of ZECO

 https://www.engineeringworldchannel.com,internal structure of transformer.

Report compiled by Yasin T.Omary.BEEE student.