Lifecare

Pentax
Introduction to Endoscopy

Note: The following entire presentation is for internal use only! © 2011
Some of the contents may be subject to copyright.
Do not copy nor distribute any of the content outside PENTAX Life Care!
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What is Endoscopy?
Answer:
ENDO = Looking inside the human body
SCOPY = Using an instrument (scope) to view real-time images

ENDO + SCOPY = looking inside the body for medical reasons using an
instrument called an endoscope where it is a minimally invasive procedure
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Evolution of Video GI Endoscopy

Standard
Display High Definition
Monochrome Camera
System Color Camera System

1986 2009
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Evolution of GI Endoscopy

Gastro-camera
1950

Video Gastroscope
System
1986

GastroFiberscope
1964
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Introduction to ENDOSCOPY
Endoscope Rigid

Flexible

Fiber Video

Fiberscope family Videoscope family

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What Is An Endoscope Made

Of ?
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OPTIC FIBERS !!

What Are They ?

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Optic Fibers
• Glass
• Able to transmit light &
images over long
distances
• Flexible
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Human
hair ~70m

Optical
Fiber ~7-8m
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FIBERSCOPES
Principals behind the fiberscope
Fiberscope CFB

A A
A

Objective Lens Ocular Lens

Using the fiber
optic's technology,
fiber scope is just
like a see through
tube…

Made up of large amount of

fiber bundles
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How Optic Fibers Are Used In

Fiberscope
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FIBERSCOPES
Simplified anatomy of a fiberscope and camera
module
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Arrangement of Optic
Fibers
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VIDEOSCOPES K series
Principals behind the Videoscope

Videoscope

A
A
Processor A
CCD CCD Wire
Monitor
Objective Lens

PVE Connector
– Where the signal is conveyed to the processor

CCD module
– Brain of the scope where it acquires the real time images
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VIDEOSCOPES K series
Simplified anatomy of a Videoscope
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Technical info
 What is CCD?
- CCD is called charged coupled device Image of a Color CCD

- It is the sensor to acquire live analog images

The monochrome series uses the black and white CCD with colored filter to
generate endoscopic images.
The K series uses the color CCD to generate video images
 Different series of video endoscopes uses different CCD
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Videoscopes
• The CCD Chip is
located at the distal
end.
• Acts like a small TV
camera
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3) The Insertion Tube

• CCD unit or image guide
fiber bundle
• Light guide fiber bundle
• 4 angulation wires
• Water channel
• Biopsy channel
• Air channel
• Distal end
•
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Direction of view

Forward -
viewing

Side-
viewing

Oblique-
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Field of view

Forward Oblique Side

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Advantage of a wider field of view :

Observe a wide area without
moving of the scope
Wide FOV

Pull back the scope

to observe the same area

Narrow FOV

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Depth of Field (View)

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Brief Technical info

The development of endoscopes – Color CCD

30K / 40K CCD 70K / 80K CCD Improvement

Next stage of
 Minimize the CCD size
Size: X inch development Size: X (– minimize) inch
from R&D  Maintain image resolution
Resolution: Y pixels Resolution: Y pixels

Next stage of development from R&D

Size: 90K / 90i CCD New Development

Example: 1/3” , ¼”, 1/6”, 1/10” Size: X – minimize cm  90i CCD provides HD+ images
 World first Mega pixels CCD
Resolution: Y (+ more) pixels
True Digital signal processing
Resolution:
Example: 250,000 pixels,
410,000 pixels, 1.3 Mega
pixels
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Introduction on scope anatomy

General introduction Control body

Instrument
IFT = Insertion flexible Channel
tube

LG
cable

PVE
connector
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Introduction on scope anatomy

Control Body introduction Button 2
Up / Down deflection Lock
Button 1
Button 4

Suction valves
Button 3
Air / water valves
LG cable

Left / Right deflection Lock

Video scope control body

Left / Right Control Knob

Instrument channel

Up / Down Control Knob

Scope model (Instrument channel diameter)

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Introduction on scope anatomy

PVE connector introduction
Feedback terminal Suction nipple Electrical contacts

Venting connector
For connection of OF-C5 or to SHA-P2 (Leakage Tester)

Light Guide Connector

PENTAX water jet connector Air / Water port

(Water jet Model: SA-P2)
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Introduction on scope anatomy

IFT (Insertion Flexible Tube) and distal end introduction…

Bending Section

The Whole segment is known as IFT

Distal end tip

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Introduction on processor anatomy

EPK-1000 / 100p (EPK-I and EPK-p will be covered in the later topic)

Water bottle receptor Electrical connector Front panel buttons

and scope lever lock

Distal end tip Lamp housing Cover Power switch

Light guide attachment

Ventilation grid
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Introduction on processor anatomy

EPK-1000 / 100p Front panel buttons introduction

NOTE: For future reference you could refer to the EPK-100p or EPK-1000 owner manual
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Introduction on processor anatomy

EPK-1000 / 100p back panel connection introduction

EPK-1000 will have the Type B USB Port

NOTE: For future reference you could refer to the EPK-100p or EPK-1000 owner manual
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Identify PENTAX & Competitors’ Endoscopes

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Identifying the PENTAX scopes

VIDEO

(1) It represents scope type

E,V: Video Endoscope
F: Fiberscope

(2) Application purpose of scope

E: Esophago I: Intubation
G: Gastro (Upper GI or OGD) UR: Ureteroreno
D: Duodeno (ERCP) CY: Cysto
CP: Peroral – CHoledocho (Baby scope) HY Hystero
SB: Small bowel (Enteroscope)
NL: Naso-Pharyngo-Laryngo (ENT scope)
B: Broncho
CN: Choledocho-Nephro (Baby scope)
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Identifying the PENTAX scopes

VIDEO

(3) It represents diameter of insertion tube in French size

- To convert it to centimeters, you have to divide by 3
- Diameter in centimeters does not correspond to the
actual value, it is a rough approximate

(4) It represents the series of the video endoscope

90i 80
90K 70
70K 30
i / K-Series Monochrome-
40K 40 Series
30K C
Kp
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Identifying the PENTAX scopes

VIDEO

(6) It represents the working length of the Video Colonoscope

S: Short (1,150mm) * Not in Asia market
M: Medium (1,300mm)
F: Full (1,500mm)
L: Long (1,700mm)

(7) It represents the type of the IFT of the scope

2: Hard Type (For more torque in colonoscopy)
Z: Zoom type scope
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Identifying the PENTAX scopes

FIBER

(7) It represents the fiber scope series

P series
X series
V series
W series

*The rest of the identification is similar as the Videoscope covered earlier

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Identifying the PENTAX scopes

* Kindly refer to the accessories catalog pg 18
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Identifying the competitor’s scopes

Videoscope series:

Lucera 290 series

Application  Lucera 260 series

Upper GI: GIF  Exera III 190 series

Lower GI: CF or PCF  Exera II 180 series

Duodenoscopes: TJF, JP or PJF  Exera 160 series
Enteroscopes: SIF Actera 150 series

Bronchoscopes: BF  Axeon series

Fiberscope series:
Pleurascopes: LTF
Cystoscopes: CYF 60 series

ENT scopes: ENF  40 series

 30 series
 20 series
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Identifying the competitor’s scopes

Working Length
Example: CF-_H180AZL I – 1,330mm
L – 1,680mm

Application
Optical Zoom

Special Specs Special Features

N – Slim A – Innoflex ?

XP – Ultra slim D – Scope guide + Innoflex ?

1T – Large Ch
2T – Dual Ch Series
XT – Extra Large Ch Lucera Exera Actera

F – AFI Quality 260 180 150

H – High Resolution (800K) / HDTV 160 140
Q – Standard Resolution (410K)
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Identifying the competitor’s scopes

Videoscope series:

EVE 500
Application
EVE 400
Upper GI: EG
EVE 200
Lower GI: EC
Duodenoscopes: ED
Enteroscopes: EN
Fiberscope series:
Bronchoscopes: EB
120 series
Cystoscopes: EY
100 series
ENT scopes: ER, FR
Z series
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Identifying the competitor’s scopes

Example: EC-590ZWL Scope Type

Type Gastroscope Bronchoscope

E – Video WR5 / WR – Routine (140°) S – Standard Routine

F – Fiber PE5 – Slim / Pediatric P – Pediatric

N5 – Ultra Slim / Transnasal T - Therapeutic
CT5 – Therapeutic / Large Ch (140°)
D5 – Dual Ch (140°)
Application Sigmoidoscope
ZW5 – Optical Zoom (140°)
WE5 - Routine

Series
Colonoscope Duodenoscope
EVE 500 EVE 400 EVE 200
W(M / I / L)5 – Routine (1330 / 1520 / 1690mm) XL5 – Slim 3.2mm Ch
590 490 270
(M / L)P5 – Slim (1330 / 1690mm) XT5 – 3.8mm Ch
530 470 250 D(M / L)5 – Dual Ch (1330 / 1690mm)
450 201 ZW5(M / L) – Optical Zoom (1330 / 1690mm)
BI5 – Double Balloon
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Q&A
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Kindly note that certain images and information are subjected to copyright