( Malvaceae,Cruciferae, Leguminoceae, Compositae, Graminae )

FAMILY-CRUCIFERAE (BRASSICACEAE) MUSTARD FAMILY

Vegetative Characters :
 Plants herbaceous
 Vegetative organs with pungent juice containing sulphur compound
 Inflorescence raceme or corymb
 Flowers bimerous or tetramerous
 Corolla four and cruciform
 Androecium tetradynamous
 Gynoecium bicarpellary syncarpous and ovary superior. Placentation parietal
 False septum or replum in mature fruit
 Fruit Siliqua or silicula.
Floral Characters:
 Inflorescence: Typical raceme (Brassica), compound raceme (Raphamus) or corymb
(Iberis
 amara).
 Flower: Bracteate or ebracteate, pedicellate, hermaphrodite, usually actinomorphic
(zygomorphic in Iberis amara), hypogynous and bior tetramerous.
 Calyx: 4 (2+2) in two whorls, polysepalous, imbricate.
 Corolla: 4, cruciform, polypetalous, valvate. Androecium: 4+2, tetradynamous (4
long stamens anterio-posterior and 2 short stamens lateral in position)
 Gynoecium: Bicarpellary syncarpous, ovary superior unilocular but becoming
bilocular due to false septation (replum), ovules many, placentation parietal, style
short, stigma bilobed,
 fruits: seliqua or silicula.
Floral Formula:
Plants of Economic Importance:
 Iberis amara-Candytuft-Ornamental plant.
 Brassica campestris (Sarson)- Seeds used for mustard oil.
 Brassica nigra - Black sarson used in spices.
 Brassica oleracea var. capitata - Cabbage-Vegetable plant, leaves edible.
 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (Cauliflower) Inflorescence used in vegetable.
 Brassica oleracea var. gongyloids (Ganth-gobhi) Swollen nodes eaten.
 Raphanus sativus (Radish)-Roots used in vegetable and salad.
 Brassica rapa (Turnip)-Fleshy roots eaten.
 Brassica juncea (Indian Rye)-Used in spices.
 Cherianthus cheiri (a medicinal plant)-Used for bronchial disorders. Also has
ornamental value called wail flower.

FAMILY - MALVACEAE
(FAMILY OF SHOE FLOWER OR COTTON FAMILY)
Vegetative Characters :
 Flowers pentamerous and with epicalyx.
 Corolla with mucilage.
 Androecium with numerous stamens, stamens monoadelphous
 Stamens monothecous, filaments forming long staminal tube
 Gynoecium pentacarpellary, syncarpous, style long, stigma pentafid
 Placentation axile.
 Fruit as loculicidal capsule.
Floral Characters
 Inflorescence Solitary axillary or axillary cyme
 Flower: Bracteate (bract leafy), complete, pedicellate, hermaphrodite
 epicalyx present, (no epicalyx in Sida and Abutilon), actinomorphic and hypogynous
 Epicalyx : 3, 5 or numerous, free, green smaller than calyx.
 Calyx : 5, gamosepalous, valvate, tubular, larger in size
 Corolla : 5, polypetalous, petals large and showy, mucilaginous twisted or imbricate
aestivation.
 Androecium: Stamens numerous, monoadelphous, filaments fuse to form staminal
tube, anthers reniform and monothecious staminal tube attached with petals
 Gynoecium: Pentacarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, style long, stigma pentafid
and hairy.
 Placentation axile, fruit as loculicidal capsule.
Floral Formula
Plants of Economic Importance:
 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China shoe-flower) ornamental, under-tree.
 Hibiscus cannabinus (Patsun) - a source of bast fibre.
 Gossypium arboreum (Cotton) seed surface fibres used as cotton.
 G. herbaceum (Old World Cotton) : Seed surface fibres used.
 G. birsutum (New World Cotton)-Seed surface fibres used.
 G. barbedense (New World Cotton).
 Thespesia populina ( a tree) for ornamental use.
 Abelmoschus esculentus (Lady's finger) used as vegetable.
 Malva sylvestris - an ornamental plant.
 Althea rosea (Hollyhock) - an ornamental plant.
 Abutilon indicum - a medicinal shrub.
 Sida cordifolia - a weed.
 Malvastrum tricuspidatum - a weed.
 Unena lobataa fibre yielding weed plant.
FAMILY - LEGUMINOSAE
Classification :
 Kingdom – Plantae
 Sub - Kingdom – Phenerogamia
 Division – Angiospermae
 Class – Dicotyledonae
 Sub - class – Polypetalae
 Series – Calyciflorae
 Order – Rosales
 Family – Leguminosae
* It is also called Legume family this is the second largest family of Dicots.
Leguminosae is divided into three sub-families on the basis of variations in corolla,
Androecium and other parts. These sub families are as follows.
(I) Papilionatae (II) Caesalpinoideae (III) Mimosoideae
(I) PAPILIONATAE (FABACEAE):
Distribution:
It includes about 400 genera and 12000 species, cosmopolitan distribution. According to
ICBN (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) its new name is ‘Lotoideae’. Most of
the plants of this sub family are found in Tropical and sub-tropical areas.
 Habit: Usually Annual or parennial herbs, shrubs, some are Tendril climbers like
Pisum sativum, Lathyrus odoratus, some are Twiners like Clitoria and some are trees
like Delbergia sisoo.
 Roots: Tap root system, Many plants have nodules on secondary roots. Nitrogen
fixing bacteria, Rhizobium lie in the root nodules in the symbiotic form.
 Stem: Erect, Herbaceous or woody, cylindrical, branched, solid, some are twiners like
Dolichos lab lab.
 Leaf: Stipulate, Alternate, Unipinnately compound and imparipinnate, Pulvinous leaf
base,
 ReticulateVenation.
 In Pisum sativum and Lathyrus odoratus, upper leaf lets are modified into tendrils.
 Inflorescence: Usually Raceme or Solitary axillary, Ex: Lathyrus.
 Flower: Bracteate, bracteolate, Pedicellate, bisexual, Zygomorphic, Pentamerous,
Perigynous.
 Calyx: 5, Gamosepalous, Valvate or imbricate aestivation, odd sepal anterior.
 Corolla: 5, Polypetalous, Descending imbricate or vexillary aestivation in which the
posterior large bilobed petal called vexillum or standard overlaps the two smaller
lateral petals named wings or alae. The latter overlaps the two small anterior petals
which are fused lightly by the upper anterior margins called keel or carina. This type
 of corolla is also called Papilionaceous corolla. Exception : Petals absent in
Lespedeza.
 Androecium: 10 stamens, Diadelphous in which filaments of 9 stamens are fused
while one stamen is free, Anther dithecous, Dorsifixed, Introse, Inserted.
 Exception: 9 Monoadelphous stamens are found in Arachis hypogea
 Gynoecium: Monocarpellary, Unilocular, Marginal Placentation, style one.
 Fruit: Legume or pod which is single, dry, dehiscent fruit.
 Seed: Non-endospermic.
 Pollination: Entomophilly but self-pollination occurs in Pisum sativum.
Floral formula:

Economic Importance:
(1) Pulses :
(i) Green gram – Phaseolus radiatus syn. vigna radiata
(ii) Gram – Cicer aerietinum
(iii) Pea – Pisum sativum
(iv) Lentils – Lens culinaris
(v) Pegeon pea – Cajanus cajan
(vi) Cow pea – Vigna unguiculata
(vii) soyabean – Glycine max
(viii) French bean – Phaseolus vulgaris
(ix) Sew gram – Vigna aconitifolia
(x) Black gram – Phaseolus mungo syn Vigna mungo
Point of Remember
(1)Khaseri dal (Lathyrus sativus) : The use of this pulse causes ‘lathyrism disease’.
(2) Vegetables:
(i) Fenugreek – Trigonella foenum-graceum
(ii) Lablab – Dolicos lablab
 (iii) Cluster bean – Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
(iv) Cow pea – Vigna unguiculata
(v) Bakala – Vicia faba
(3) Oils:
(i) Ground nut (Arachis hypogea): Oil is obtained from seeds and used for cooking
and manufacture of vegetable ghee. Oil cake is used for cattle and as bio-fertilizer.
(ii) Soyabean (Glycine max): Oil is obtained from seeds, used for cooking, and
manufacturing for ink of printing, Paints, Insectides. Oil cake contain 32-42% proteins which
are called soya nagates.
(iii) Pongamia pinnatta : Oil from seeds used for manufacturing soap and lubricants.
(4) Fibres:
(i) Sun hemp (Crotolaria juncea): Bast fibres obtain from stem which are useful in
manufacturing Rops, cannvas, sacs.
(5) Fodder:
(i) Egyptean clover or Barseem - Trifolium alexandrium.
(ii) Alfa alfa - (Medicago sativa).
(iii) Indian Clover or senji - Melilotus alba.
(iv) Sweet clover or van methi - M.indica.
(v) Subabool - Leucaena leucocephala.
(vi) Cesbania - C. aegyptiaca
(6) Dyes:
(i) Indigo or neel (Indigofera tinctoria) : Blue dye obtains from leaves and young
branches.
(ii) Dak (Butea monosperma) : Yellow orange dye obtains from petals of flowers. It is
also called “Flame of Forest”.
(iii) Red sandel (Pterocarpous santalinus) : Red dye extracted from heart wood.
(7) Timber:
(i) Shisham - Dalbergia sisoo
(ii) Indian rose wood (kala shisham)- Dalbergia latifolia
(8) Gum:
(i) Bengal kino (Butea) : Gum has medicinal use.
(9) Insecticides:
(i) Derris elliptica : “Rotenone” Insecticide is obtained.
(10) Ornamental plants:
(i) Sweat pea - Lathyrus odoratus
(ii) Indian telegraph plant - Desmodium gyrans
(iii) Indian coral tree - Erythrina indica
(iv) Butterfly pea - Clitoria ternata
(v) Flame of Forest - Butea monosperma
(11) Medicines:
(i) Jeweller’s weight ‘Ratti’- (Abrus precatorius) : Oinment prepared from leaves
used in leucoderma seeds were used by jewellers in weighing ornaments.
(ii) Liquorice or mulaithi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) : Roots are useful in cough.

(II) SUB-FAMILY CAESALPINOIDEAE

 Distribution :
 It includes 150 genera and 2800 species these are usually found in Tropical and sub-
tropical areas.
 Habit : Mostly trees like - Gulmohar (Delonix rigea), Amaltas (Cassia fistula),
Tamarindus indica, Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata).
 Roots : Tap root system.
 Stem : Woody, Erect, branched, cylindrical, solid.
 Leaf : Cauline & Ramal, Petiolate, Pulvinous leaf base, Alternate, Unipinnately
compound and paripinnate, Reticulate Venation.
 Exception : Bipinnately compound leaves are found in Parkinsonia and gulmohar.
Phyllode
 present in Parkinsonia.
Floral characters
 Inflorescence : Raceme or panicle.
 Flower : Pedicellate, Bracteate, Bisexual, Zygomorphic, Perigynous, Pentamerous.
 Calyx : 5 sepals, polysepalous, odd sepal anterior, Imbricate aestivation.
 Corolla : 5 petals, polypetalous, Ascending imbricate aestivation. In Tamarindus
indica two anterior petals are found as a scale.
 Androecium : 10 stamens in two whorls 5+ 5, Polyandrous, usually three posterior
stamens are sterile and resting 7 stamens are fertile. The 3 sterile stamens are known
as staminode.
 Exception : Tamarindus - 7 stamens, monoadelphous, in which 3 staminodes.
 Gynoecium : As Papilionatae.
  Fruit : Legume. Exception Lomentum Ex: Tamarindus.
 Seed : Non-endospermic or Endospermic.
 Pollination : Entomophily
Floral formula :

Economic Importance :
(1) Food :
(i) Bauhinia variegata : Floral buds are used as vegetable.
(ii) Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) : Leaves and unripe fruits used for preparing
chutney.
(2) Dyes :
(i) Caesalpinia sappan (‘Gulal’) : Red-orange dye obtains from heart wood that is
used in textile industry.
(ii) Logwood (Haematoxylon compechianum) : Haematoxylin stain is obtained from
heart wood which is used in the staining of Nucleus.
(3) Medicines :
(i) Cassia fistula : Immature fruits are laxative.
(ii) Cassia sophora : Leaves are useful in Ringworm.
(iii) Cassia glauca : Bark and leaves are used in Diabetes and Gonorrhoea.
(iv) Saraca indica : Bark is useful in menstrual disorder. Aurvedic medicine
Asokarishtra’ is prepared by its bark.
(4) Tanning :
(i) Bauhinia purpurea - Bark is used
(ii) Bauhinia malabarica - Bark is used
(5) Gum : It is obtained from the stem of Bauhinia variegata and B. vahalii (camel’sfoot
tree).
(6) Other uses :
(i) Anjan (Hardwikia binata) : Tiers and ploughs are manufactured by its wood.
(ii) Phanera Vahalii : Gum obtains for commercial purpose and Bark fibres are useful
in making Ropes and Baskets.
(7) Ornamental Plants :
(i) Gulmohar or Royal poinciana - Delonix regea.
(ii) Kachnar - Bauhinia variegata.
(iii) Ashok - Saraca indica.
(iv) Peacock Flower - Caesalpinia pulcherima.
(v) Amaltas - Cassia fistula.
(vi) Jerusalem thorn - Parkinsonia aculeata (Vilaiti Kikar).

(III) SUB-FAMILY MIMOSOIDEAE

 Distribution : 56 genera & 2800 species, these are usually found in the tropical and
sub-tropical areas.
 Habit : Mostly trees Ex: Acacia, Some are shrubs
 Ex: Dicrostaychis, rarely woody climber Ex: Entada.
 Some plants are xerophyte Ex: Acacia
 Root : Tap root system.
 Stem : Erect, solid, cylindrical, branched, woody.
 Leaf : Petiolate, Alternate, Stipulate, pinnately compound and paripinnate, Reticulate
 Venation, Pulvinus leaf base.
 Exception :
 Phyllode Ex: Australian acacia.
 Stipules convert into spines in Acacia nilotica.
Floral characters
 Inflorescence : Racemose head : The tip of floral axis is swollen and sessile flowers
are basipetally arranged on the former. Ex: Acacia.
 Flower : Bracteate, Actinomorphic, bisexual, Perigynous, Sessile, Tetramerous or
pentamerous.
 Calyx : 4-5 sepals, Polysepalous or Gamosepalous, aestivation Valvate.
 Corolla : 4-5 petals, sometime Gamopetalous, Valvate.
 Androecium : Indefinate stamens, Polyandrous, filament long, Anther dithecous,
Dorsifixed, Introse, Exserted.
  Exception :
 Prosopis - 10 stamens, polyandrous
 Mimosa - 4 stamens, polyandrous
 Acrocarpus - 5 stamens, polyandrous
 Albizia - stamens Monadelphous
 Gynoecium : As papilionatae.
 Fruit : Mostly lomentum or legume.
 Seed : Non-endospermic.
 Pollination : Entomophilly.
Floral formula

Economic Importance :
(1) Timber and fuel :
(i) Desi babool - Acacia arabica.
(ii) Khazari - Prosopis cinerarifolia.
(iii) Jumbo - Xylia Xylocarpa.
(iv) Cerrish - Albizzia lebbek.
(2) Food & Fodder :
(i) Albizzia lebbek : Leaves are used as food and fodder.
(ii) Pithecalobium dulce : Fruit and aril are Red coloured and sweet.
(3) Gum : It is mostly obtained from Acacia species. The gum obtain from Acacia sengal is
called “Gum arabic”. It is used in medicines, confectionery & textile.
(4) Ornamental Plants :
(i) Chui-mui (Mimosa pudica) - Touch me not.
(ii) Lazwanti - Neptunia oleracia.
(iii) Australian acacia - Acacia melanoxylon.
 (iv) Hedge plant - Pithecolobium dulce.
(5) Other uses :
(i) Soappod (Acacia concina) : ‘Shikakai’ Pod contains saponin used for washing
hair.
(ii) Acacia catechu : Katha is obtained from Heart wood.
(iii) Prosopis specigera : Grown as wind breaker in Rajasthan.

FAMILY – ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE)

(SUNFLOWER FAMILY)
This is the largest family of angiosperms, including over 950 genera and 20,000 species
distributed throughout the world. Members of the family constitute over 10% of the total
number of species of angiosperms
Vegetative Characters
 Habit: Annual herbs (Helianthus, Tagetus, Dahlia)
 Root: Tap root but in Dahlia fasiculated roots
 Leaves : Usually alternate but occasionally opposite (as in Heliantbus) or in Whorl
(Eupatorium), exstipulate, petiolate, simple or compound Venation reticulate.
 Stem : Usually herbaceous, erect, much branched (branching rare in Dahlia and
Helianthus)
 solid, sometimes with milky latex. In Helianthus tuberous and stores food.
Floral Characters:
 Inflorescence: Head or Capitulum with involucre of bracts. Usually two types of
florets are found in inflorescence viz, zygomorphic, ligulate or ray florets and
actinomorphic tubular or disc florets.
 In inflorescence, ray florets are found towards the periphery (they are older in nature)
and disc florets are distributed near the center (thus younger)
 Flowers: Flowers are reduced to florets. Bracteate, sessile actinomorphic (disc florets)
or zygomorphic (ray florets) epigynous and pentamerous.
 Calyx : 5 sepals modified into hairs or pappus,
 Corolla : 5 petals, Gamopetalous, tubular in disc florets but ligulate in ray florets,
aestivaiton valvate.
 Androecium : Stamens 5, syngenesious (anther lobes are fused laterally but the
filaments are
 free) epipetalous, anthers dithecous fused to form a tube like structure around the
style. introse, dehiscence longitudinal
 Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary inferior, unilocular style long and
stigma bifid.
  Ovule single and attached at basal placentation. Fruit is a single seeded achenial types
Cypsela.
 Fruit is cypsela. It is wind dispersed with the help of pappus

Economic importance
 Oil Yielding plants : Helianthus annus (sunflower oil)
 Medicinal plants : Artemisia, Eclipta alba used as hair tonic with brahmi buti and
commonly
 known as Bringraj, Calendula officinalis
 Insecticide : Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium - Pyrethrum.
 Food Yielding plants : Latuca sativa (Lettuce or Salad), Cichorium intybus chicory
powder (Coffee blend)
 Weeds: Parthenium bysterophorus commonly called carrot grass or congress grass.
FAMILY - POACEAE (GRAMINAE)
(FAMILY OF CEREAL PLANTS)
Vegetative Characters :
 Roots are fibrous root system which arises from base of the stem.
 Stem is usually hollow between the nodes.
 Leaves are having parallel venation
 Glume (each of two membranous bracts surrounding the spikelet of a grass (forming
the husk of a cereal grain) or one surrounding the florets of a sedge.) develops from
bract
 Plants are always wind pollinated and thus stigma is feathery.
Floral Characters :
 Inflorescence: Spike of spikelets (in maize, female inflorescence is spadix, protected
by leafy spath), compound spike in wheat, a pair of sterile glume present at the base
of spikelet.
 Flower : Flowers have 2 bracts called lemma and palea . Sessile, bracteate, bisexual,
(unisexual in maize, inflorescence is also unisexual), zygomorphic and hypogynous.
  Perianth: Highly reduced, 2 in number, pin head sized structure called lodicules. In
bamboos, 3 lodicules present. Androecium : Usually 3 but sometimes 6 (as in Oryza),
filament long, anthers versatile, dithecous, dehiscence longitudinal.
 Gynoecium : Monocarpellary (actually tricarpellary but only one carpel is
functional), unilocular, ovary superior, style long, stigma 2 and feathery (plants are
always wind pollinated). Placentation basal.
 Fruit is caryopsis (-a single seeded fruit where pericarp is completely fused with
testa).
 Floral Formula

Economic Importance:
 Triticum aestivum = T. vulgaris (bread wheat) - a gift of old world to new world, a
natural hexaploid carrying genomes of 3 parents.
 Oryza sativa (Paddy) - Chief cereal of India, cultivated by transplantation, prefers
waterlogged crop field, bran oil obtained from husk, golden rice is genetically
modified paddy, grains rich in vitamins.
 Zea mays (Maize) - A gift of new world to old world, inflorescence unisexual, style
longest.
 Hordeum vulgare (Barley)- Oldest amongst cultivated plants.
 Pennisetum typboidum (Pearl millet or Bajara) - A food crop, straw used as fodder.
 Sorgbum vulgarum (Jowar) - Used as fodder.
 Sacharum officinarum (Sugarcane) cultivated for sugar production.
 Bambusa or bamboo-tallest grass, monocarpic plant.
ASSIGNMENT ( Malvaceae,Cruciferae, Leguminoceae, Compositae, Graminae)
1. Plant with 4 sepals, 4 petals, 6 stamens, two outer short four inner long, ovary one-celled
later becoming two celled belongs to the family
(1) Compositae (2) Gramineae (3) Cruciferae (4) Papaveraceae
2. Corolla is cruciform in case of
(1) Brassicaceae (2) Asteraceae (3) Apiaceae (4) Lamiaceae
3. The given floral diagram belongs to the family

(1) Fabaceae (2) Brassicaceae (3) Liliaceae (4) Poaceae

4. Replum is present in the ovary of flower of
(1) lemon (2) mustard (3) sunflower (4) pea
5. Four sepals arranged in two whorls is the characteristic of family
(1) Solanaceae (2) Fabaceae (3) Brassicaceae (4) Liliaceae
6. Chief features of family-Brassicaceae/ Crucuferae is the presence of
(1) latex (2) pectin (3) alkaloids (4) myrosin enzyme
7. Tetradynamous stamens are found in:
(1) Members of Leguminosae (2) Most of the crucifers
(3) Malvaceous flowers (4) Members of Asteraceae
8. In tetradynamous stamens:
(1) Two outer stamens are shorter and four inner are longer
(2) Four outer stamens are shorter and two inner are longer
(3) All stamens are equally long (4) None of the above
9. Replum develops in ovary of:
(1) Solanaceae (2) Brassicaceae (3) Asteraceae (4) None of these
10. In Brassicaceae, the placenta is:
(1) Oblique (2) Anterio-posterior (3) Anterior (4) Posterior
11. Epicalyx is
(1) a scale like structure of fern rhizome (2) an additional whorl of angiosperm flower
(3) a tuberous root (4) None of the above
12. The extra whorl of non-essential organs lying outside the calyx is
(1) epicalyx (2) dicots (3) involucre (4) inflorescence
13. Petals in China rose are
(1) polypetalouys (2) gamopetalous (3) polyphyllous (4) gamophyllous
14. Free lateral stipules are present in
(1) Brassicaceae (2) Asteraceae (3) Rosaceae (4) Malvaceae
15. Lady’s finger belongs to the family
(1) Malvaceae (2) Cucurbitaceae (3) Liliaceae (4) Brassicaceae
16. Most of the economically important fibre yielding plants belong to the family
(1) Malvaceae (2) Solanaceae (3) Cruciferae (4) Poaceae
17. The given formula belongs to

(1) Solanaceae (2) Malvaceae (3) Gramineae (4) Compositae

18. Anthers are monothecous in:
(1) Malvaceae (2) Fabaceae (3) Mimosoideae (4) Liliaceae
19. Versatile anthers are found in:
(1) Fabaceae (2) Brassicaceae (3) Poaceae (4) Liliaceae
20. In Malvaceae, staminal tube is formed by fusion of
(1) Anthers (2) Filaments (3) Corolla (4) Stamens with ovary
21. Cotton plant produces:
(1) Loculicidal capsule (2) Septicidal capsule
(3) Septifragal capsule (4) Porous capsule
22. Seed surface produces cellulosic fibres in:
(1) Helianthus (2) Taraxacum (3) Gossypium (4) Xanthium
23. Monothecous anthers are found in:
(1) Malvaceae (2) Brassicaceae (3) Mimosoideae (4) Fabaceae
24. Lint and fuzz are obtained from fibres of:
(1) Sunn hemp (2) Sunflower (3) Gossypium (4) Corchorus capsularis
25. Cotton fibres are:
(1) Outgrowth of seed surface (2) Cellulosic in nature
(3) Dried parenchyma like cells (4) All of the above
26. Leguminous crops are agriculturally important as they:
(1) Control pastes (2) Make soil alkaline
(3) Enrich soil with nitrogen (4) Enrich soil with humus
27. Butterfly like polypetalous corolla is found in:
(1) Cruciferae (2) Fabaceae (3) Malvaceae (4) Liliaceae
28. Vaxillum, alae and carina occur in:
(1) Caryophyllaceous corolla (2) Rosaceous corolla
(3) Papilionaceous corolla (4) Tubular corolla
29. Archis hypogaea is:
(1) Walnut (2) Cashewnut (3) Peanut (4) Coconut
30. Pod fruit develops from:
(1) Inferior ovary (2) Monocarpellary ovary
(3) Bicarpellary ovary (4) Multicarpellary ovary
31. Bean seed is an example of:
(1) Albuminous seed (2) Exalbuminous seed
(3) Oil yielding seeds (4) None of these
32. Which of the following represents the condition seen in the family-Compositae?
(1) Superior ovary, syngenesious, single basal ovule
(2) Inferior ovary, monoadelphous, basal Placentation
(3) Inferior ovary, syngenesious, axile placentation
(4) Syngenesious, basal placentation and epigynous
33. Inflorescence of family-Compositae is
(1) perianth (2) lodicule (3) capitulum (4) hypanthodium
34. Most advanced dicot family is
(1) Asteraceae (2) Fabaceae (3) Asclepiadaceae (4) None of these
35. Which of the following is the character of family-Asteraceae?
(1) Head or capitulum inflorescence (2) Syngenesious stamens
(3) Cypsella fruit (4) All the above
36. In capitulum, the flowers are arranged in:
(1) Centripetal order (2) Basipetal order (3) Mixed order (4) No definite order
37. In sunflower, the florets are well protected by:
(1) Calyx (2) Pappus (3) Involucre of bracts (4) Perinath
38. Florets are found attached on a flattened receptacle in:
(1) Hypanthodium (2) Coenanthium (3) Cupitulum (4) Vertricillaster
39. In head or captitulum inflorescence, the ligulate florets are:
(1) Distributed towards periphery (2) Older than tubular florets
(3) usually pistillate type (4) All of the above
40. Hairs or pappus in florets of Asteraceae are modified:
(1) Involucre of bracts (2) Calyx (3) Corolla (4) Thalamus
41. Syngenesious stamens are found in:
(1) Helianthus (2) Tagetus (3) Dahlia (4) All of the above
42. In Asteraceae, the stamens are always found in:
(1) Ligulate florets (2) Tubular florets
(3) Both florets (4) Only in ray florets
43. Unilocular and bicarpellary ovary of epigynous flower is found in:
(1) Asteraceae (2) Brassicaceae (3) Fabaceae (4) Liliaceae
44. Basal placentation develops when the ovary has:
(1) Single ovule (2) Many ovules (3) Many locules (4) Single ovule in each locule
45. Cypsella fruit is product of:
(1) Monocarpellary ovary (2) Superior ovary
(3) Bicarpellary ovary (4) Polycarpellary ovary
46. Basal placentation in monocarpellary ovary is found in:
(1) Asteraceae (2) Fabaceae (3) Poaceae (4) Liliceae
47. The stigma is bifid but the ovary is monocarpellary in:
(1) Asteraceae (2) Brassicaceae (3) Poaceae (4) None of these
48. When stamens are united by their anthers, the condition is known as:
(1) Syndrous (2) Syngenesious (3) Epipetalous (4) Monoadelphous
49. Capitulum inflorescence is found in family:
(1) Solanaceae (2) Compositae (3) Leguminosae (4) Cucurbitaceae
50. Which plant of asteraceae causes pollen allergy?
(1) Parthenium (2) Calendula (3) Dahlia (4) Chrysenthemum
51. Ligulate flowers are diagnostic of family:
(1) Poaceae (2) Asteraceae (3) Brassicaceae (4) Fabaceae
52. If a friut is developed from inferior, bicapellary ovary showing unilocular condition and
the seed coat is free from pericarp, the fruit would be called:
(1) Cypsella (2) Siliqua (3) Silicula (4) Sorosis
53. A ligulate corolla found in Compositae is also known as:
(1) Masked corolla (2) Strap shaped corolla
(3) Two lipped corolla (4) Wheel shaped corolla
54. Which of these characters do not belongs to Compositae?
(1) Ligulate ray florets (2) Basal ovule
(3) Syngenesious stamens (4) Pentafid stigma
55. Sunflower plant is cultivated mainly for its:
(1) Ornamental use (2) Oil producing seeds
(3) Alkaloids (4) Starchy seeds
56. Cereals belong to the family
(1) Malvaceae (2) Solanaceae (3) Poaceae (4) Rosaceae
57. Caryopsis fruit is found in
(1) wheat (2) rice (3) maize (4) all of these
58. Glumes are modified
(1) bracts (2) petals (3) flowers (4) anthers
59. Flowers are trimerous in case of
(1) gymnosperms (2) pteridophytes (3) monocots (4) dicots
60. What is true for Gramineae?
(1) The carpel has two styles (2) Spikelets are always in pairs
(3) Palea is the bracteole (4) Awn is an appendage of palea
61. Botanical name of wheat is
(1) Trittcum aestivum (2) Oryza sattiva (3) Zea mays (4) None of these
62. Caryopsis is a fruit in which
(1) there are many seeds (2) seeds are exposed in dehiscence
(3) fruit wall is absent (4) fruit wall is fused with seed coat
63. Versatile anthers are present in
(1) Cycas (2) cotton (3) jowar (4) Brassica
64. Which of the following can be regarded as equivalent to perianth?
(1) Glumes (2) Lodicules (3) Palea (4) Lemma
65. Awn is a structure in flower of
(1) China rose (2) apple (3) sunflower (4) wheat
66. The flower of jowar is
(1) actinomorphic (2) zygomorphic (3) complete (4) both (2) and (3)
67. In the given floral diagram, A, B and C indicate.

(1) A-Palea, B-Lodicule, C-Lemma (2) A-Lemma, B-Palea, C-Lodicule

(3) A-Lodicule, B-Palea, C-Lemma (4) A-Palea, B-Lemma, C-Lodicule
68. Choose the correct description depicted by the floral diagram.
(1) United valvate sepals, free twisted petals, free stamens, unilocular ovary with marginal
placentation
(2) United valvate sepals, free imbricate petals, free stamens, unilocular ovary with axile
placentation
(3) United valvate sepals, free impricate petals, epipetalous stamens, unilocular ovary with
marginal placenta
(4) United valvate sepals, free imbricate petals, free stamens, unilocular ovary with marginal
placentation
69. In Gramineae/Poaceae, the inflorescence is
(1) spikelet (2) spadix (3) cyathium (4) corymb
70. Which of the following represents the floral characters of Poaceae?
(1) Pedicellate, bracteate, bisexual, trimerous actinomorphic, complete and superior ovary
(2) Pedicellate, bracteate, bisexual, pentamerous, zygomorphic, complete and superior ovary
(3) Sessile, bracteate, bracteolate, incomplete, uni or bisexual, perianth modified into
lodicules, stamens three, superior ovary and feathery stigma
(4) Bracteate, unisexual, actinomorphic stamens five and inferior ovary
71. Glumes occur in:
(1) Spikes (2) Spikelets of spike (3) Corymb (4) Umbel
72. Ligulate leaves are found in:
(1) Myrtaceae (2) Compositae (3) Poaceae (4) Cyperaceae
73. Perianth is reduced to lodicules in:
(1) Liliaceae (2) Poaceae (3) Orchidaceae (4) Musaceae
74. Which one is homologous to perianth?
(1) Lodicules (2) Bracts (3) Glumes (4) Superior palea
75. Single seeded fruits are produced from the ovaries of:
(1) Asteraceae (2) Poaceae (3) Mangifera (4) All of these
76. Feathery stigma develops in flowers of:
(1) Asteraceae (2) Poaceae (3) Liliaceae (4) Brassicaceae
77. Single seeded fruit produciong families are
(1) Fabaceae and Mimosoideae (2) Asteraceae and Poaceae
(3) Liliaceae and Poaceae (4) Brassicaceae and Malvaceae
78. The maize plant is monoecious and the flowers are:
(1) Clestogamous (2) Unisexual (3) Bisexual (4) Neutor
79. The leafy structure which protects the flowers and fruits of maize cob is:
(1) Involucre of bracts (2) Leafy calyx (3) Spathe (4) Spadix
80. Families like Leguminosae, Asteraceae, Poaceae and Brassicaceae are recognized by
their:
(1) Vegetative characters (2) Inflorescence (3) Fruits (4) Seeds
81. Testa is completely fused with pericarp in:
(1) Cypsella (2) Achenes (3) Caryopsis (4) All of these
82. Protein rich aleurone grains are found in:
(1) Outer endosperm layer in cereals (2) Inner endosperm layer in cereals
(3) Embryonal layer in cereals (4) Endocarp and mesocarp layers
83. Fruits of wheat is:
(1) Berry (2) Caryopsis (3) Nut (4) Etaerio
84. Wheat grain is a:
(1) Fruit (2) Seed (3) Embryo (4) Glume
85. Cruciferous plants when crushed emit a pungentsmell, It is due to the presence of:-
(1) Oxalic acid (2) Alkaloids (3) Iron compounds (4) Sulphur compounds
86. Ebracteate flowers mainly found in:-
(1) Solanaceae (2) Malvaceae (3) Cruciferae (4) Liliaceae
87. The special feature of the ovary in cruciferae is:-
(1) Hypogyny (2) Polyandry
(3) False septum (4) One row of ovules on each placenta
88. In Brassica oleracea var. capitata the edible partis:-
(1) Inflorescence (2) Flower bud (3) Vegetative bud (4) Stem
89. Shepherd's purse plant belong to family:-
(1) Cruciferae (2) Malvaceae (3) Solanaceae (4) Leguminosae
90. Edible part of knol- khol is:-
(1) Inflorescence (2) Leaves (3) Roots (4) Stem
91. Turnip (Brassica rapa) belongs to family:-
(1) Cruciferae (2) Malvaceae (3) Liliaceae (4) Cucurbitaceae
92. The Iberis is commonly called as:-
(1) Pansy (2) Candy-tuft (3) Poppy (4) Snapdragon
93. Aestivation of petals in family Malvaceae is:-
(1) Valvate (2) Imbricate (3) Twisted (4) Vexillary
94. Althaea rosea belongs to the family:-
(1) Cruciferae (2) Malvaceae (3) Cucurbitaceae (4) Leguminosae
95. Characteristic feature of Malvaceae family is:-
(1) Monothecous anthers (2) Didynamous stamens
(3) Presence of staminodes (4) Superficial placentation
96. Shoe flower belongs to :-
(1) Solanaceae (2) Malvaceae (3) Papilionatae (4) Liliaceae
97. 'Hollyhock' belongs to ;-
(1) Liliaceae (2) Malvaceae (3) Cesalpinoideae (4) Solanaceae
98. Spike of spikelets inflorescences commonly occurs in:-
(1) Cruciferae (2) Papilionatae (3) Poaceae (4) Solanaceae
99. Which of the following is valid name for Gramineaefamily :-
(1) Poaceae (2) Malvaceae (3) Fabaceae (4) Papilionaceae
100.The floral formula of Pea is represented as :-

101. The 3 - sub - families of Leguminosae are distinguished mainly on the basis of :-
(1) Nature of gynoecium (2) Nature of corolla and stamens
(3) Nature of habit of the plants (4) Nature of fruit
102. The leguminous plants are important in agriculture because:-
(1) They are disease resistant (2) They require very little irrigation
(3) They help in nitrogen economy of nature
(4) Crops of legumes can be produced in a year
103. In family papilionaceae, 5 petals form a unique association, In which 3 different
elements participate, these are vexillum, alae & carina. What is the number of these
elements:-
(1) 1, 2, 2 respectively (2) 2, 1, 2 respectively
(3) 1, 1, 3 respectively (4) 2, 2, 1 respectively
104.The name papilionatae and cruciferae is based on :-
(1) Corolla (2) Androecium (3) Gynoecium (4) Fruit
105. Universal zygomorphy occurs in:-
(1) Malvaceae (2) Mimosoideae (3) Papilionatae (4) Solanaceae
106.Staminodes commonly occur in :-
(1) Liliaceae (2) Papilionatae (3) Caesalpinoideae (4) All the above
107.Tamarindus indica and Cassia belongs to the family :-
(1) Papilionaceae (2) Caesalpiniaceae (3) Mimosaceae (4) None of the above
108.Floral formula of Cesalpinoideae is :

109. Fruit lomentum is characteristic feature of the subfamily :-

(1) Papilionatae (2) Caesalpinoideae (3) Mimosoideae (4) Leguminosae
110. Placentation in Mimosa pudica :-
(1) Axile (2) Parietal (3) Marginal (4) Basal
111. Flowers and stamens of Compositae are :-
(1) Hypogynous and inferior (2) Epigynous and inferior
(3) Hypogynous and superior (4) Epigynous and superior
112. Which of the following stands for Congress grass:-
(1) Cynodon (Gramineae) (2) Parthenium (Compositae)
(3) Aspidiastra (Liliaceae) (4) Candytuft (Cruciferae)
113. Which of the following families have the largest geographical distribution:-
(1) Malvaceae (2) Leguminosae (3) Solanaceae (4) Compositae
114. Which of the following is the largest family:-
(1) Leguminosae (2) Cucurbitaceae (3) Solanaceae (4) Compositae
115. Parachute mechanism of fruit and seed dispersal is common in compositae is due to the
structure called :-
(1) Bracts (2) Thorns (3) Corolla (4) Pappus
116. In Gramineae the perianth is represented by smallscaly lodicules which are generally:-
(1) Two (2) Three (3) Four (4) Five
117.In which family Pentamerous flowers having monoadelphous stamen and dry dehiscent
fruit are persent :-
(1) Leguminosae (2) Malvaceae (3) Cruciferae (4) Solanaceae
118.What type of placentation is seen in sweet pea?
(1) Basal (2) Axile (3) Free central (4) Marginal
119.The technical term used for the androecium in a flowerof China rose (Hibiscus
rosasinensis) is :
(1) Polyadelphous (2) Monadelphous (3) Diadelphous (4) Polyandrous
120. Find the odd one w.r.t monocots endospermic seeds.
(i) Sunflower (ii) Onion (iii) Aloe (iv) Jowar (v) Barley (vi) tomato
(1) (i), (ii), (iii) (2) (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) (3) (i), (vi) (4) (i), (iv), (vi)

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35) 4 36) 1 37) 3 38) 3 39) 4 40) 2 41) 4 42) 2 43) 1 44) 1 45) 3 46) 3 47) 3 48) 2 49) 2 50) 1
51) 2 52) 1 53) 2 54) 4 55) 2 56) 3 57) 4 58) 1 59) 3 60) 1 61) 1 62) 4 63) 3 64) 2 65) 4 66) 4
67) 1 68) 4 69) 1 70) 3 71) 2 72) 3 73) 2 74) 1 75) 4 76) 2 77) 2 78) 2 79) 3 80) 3 81) 3 82) 1
83) 2 84) 1 85) 4 86) 3 87) 3 88) 3 89) 1 90) 4 91) 1 92) 2 93) 3 94) 2 95) 1 96) 2 97) 2 98) 3
99) 1 100)1 101) 2 102) 3 103)1 104) 1 105) 3 106) 3 107) 2 108) 4 109) 3 110) 3 111) 4
112) 2 113) 4 114) 4 115) 4 116) 1 117) 2 118) 4 119) 2 120) 2