Professional Documents
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14 Electricity
14 Electricity
Q1.(a) A student used the apparatus drawn below to investigate the heating effect of an electric
heater.
Graph A shows how the student expected the temperature of the metal block to
change after the heater was switched on.
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(2)
(ii) The student measured the room temperature. He then switched the heater on and
measured the temperature of the metal block every 50 seconds.
The student calculated the increase in temperature of the metal block and
plottedGraph B.
After 300 seconds, Graph B shows the increase in temperature of the metal block is
lower than the increase in temperature expected from Graph A.
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(1)
Calculate the energy transferred to the heater from the electricity supply in
300 seconds.
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(b) The student uses the same heater to heat blocks of different metals. Each time the heater
is switched on for 300 seconds.
Each block of metal has the same mass but a different specific heat capacity.
Aluminium 900
Iron 450
Lead 130
Give, in terms of the amount of energy needed to heat the metal blocks, a reason for your
answer.
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(2)
(c) A homeowner uses an electric immersion heater to heat the water in his hot water tank.
The hot water tank has no insulation.
(i) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
conduction.
evaporation.
conduction.
Energy is transferred through the copper wall of the hot water tank
convection.
by
evaporation.
(2)
(ii) To keep the water in the tank hot for longer, the homeowner fits an insulating jacket
around the tank. The insulating jacket costs £12 to buy.
The homeowner expects to save £16 each year from reduced energy bills.
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Q2.A householder wants to reduce his electricity bill. He records the power rating of four electrical
appliances and how much time each appliance is used in one day.
Fridge–freezer 160 W 24
(a) (i) Complete the table by calculating the energy transferred in one day by the fridge-
freezer.
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(ii) Which appliance would cost the least to use each day?
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(1)
(b) The householder decides to change his 10 kW electric shower. A gas boiler heats the
water for the new shower.
The electric shower transfers 5 kWh of energy to heat the water each day.
The cost of electricity is 12 pence per kWh. The cost of gas is 5 pence per kWh.
Calculate the saving the householder will make if the water is heated using gas.
Assume that the efficiency of the two methods of heating water is the same.
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Saving = ........................................
(3)
(c) As an alternative method to heat water for his shower, the householder installs solar
panels on his roof. The householder could use solar panels on the roof to heat all the
water for his house.
The Sun transfers energy to the solar panels at a rate of 8400 J/s. The mass of water in
the pipes is 20 kg. The water has a specific heat capacity of 4200 J/kg°C.
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(iii) 15 000
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 50 × 300 provided no
subsequent step shown 2
(b) lead
reason only scores if lead is chosen 1
Conduction 1
(ii) 3 / 4 (year)
0.75 or
9 months or
274 days
2
[11]
(ii) kettle
allow ecf from (a)(i)
1
(c) 6 (°C)
allow max 2 marks for calculation of temperature rise per second
0.1 (°C)
allow correct substitution for 1 mark provided no subsequent step
shown
i.e. 8400 = 20 x 4200 x θ
or
8400 x 60 = 20 x 4200 x θ
or
8400 = 84000 x θ
or
θ=
or
θ=
or
θ=
3
[9]