Evaluate as to how each knowledge area is addressed in different such

as Roads

Evaluate as to how each knowledge area is addressed in different such as Road

In road projects, each knowledge area plays a critical role in ensuring the
successful completion of the project. There are several knowledge areas that are
addressed in road projects, including:-

1. Project Integration Management; - involves coordinating all aspects of the

project, including stakeholder management, resource management, and strategic
alignment. In road projects, this includes ensuring that all stakeholders, such as
government agencies, contractors, and local communities, are involved in the
planning and execution of the project.

2. Project Scope Management;-involves defining and controlling what is included in

the project. In road projects, this includes identifying the project's objectives,
deliverables, and constraints. It also involves managing changes to the project scope,
such as changes in design or scope creep.

3. Project Time/Schedule Management; - involves creating a schedule for the

project and ensuring that it is adhered to. In road projects, this includes identifying
critical path activities, estimating activity durations, and monitoring progress against
the schedule. It also involves managing delays and ensuring that the project is
completed on time.

4. Project Cost Management; - involves estimating and controlling the project's

costs. In road projects, this includes developing a budget, tracking expenses, and
managing changes to the project that may impact costs. It also involves managing
cost overruns and ensuring that the project is completed within budget.
5. Project Quality Management; - involves ensuring that the final product meets the
required quality standards. In road projects, this includes developing quality control
plans, conducting inspections and tests, and monitoring the project's performance
against quality metrics. It also involves managing quality issues that may arise during
the project.

6. Project [Human] Resource Management;-involves managing the people

involved in the project. In road projects, this includes hiring contractors and
subcontractors, managing their performance, and ensuring that they have the
necessary skills and resources to complete their tasks.

7. Project Communications Management;-involves ensuring that stakeholders are

informed about the project's progress and any issues that arise. In road projects, as we
learned 90% of a project manager‘s job is communication; this includes developing a
communication plan, holding regular meetings with stakeholders, and providing
regular status updates. It also involves managing communication issues that may arise
during the project.
For example, who needs what information, when they will need it, how it will be
given to them, and by whom.

8. Project Risk Management; - involves identifying potential risks to the project and
developing strategies to mitigate them. In road projects, this includes conducting risk
assessments, developing risk response plans, and monitoring the project's
performance against risk metrics. It also involves managing risks that may arise
during the project. Additionally, to overcome increase the probability and impact of
positive events, and decrease the probability and impact of events adverse to the road
project.

9. Project Procurement Management; - involves managing the process of acquiring

goods and services needed for the project. In road projects, this includes developing
procurement plans, soliciting bids from vendors, negotiating contracts, and managing
vendor performance. It also involves managing procurement issues that may arise
during the project.Includes the processes necessary to purchase or acquire products
(goods), services, or results needed from outside the project team.
10. Project Stakeholder Management; - involves identifying and managing
stakeholders throughout the project lifecycle. In road projects, this includes
identifying all stakeholders, such as individual people, groups, or organizations that
could impact or be impacted by a decision, activity, or outcome of the project; and
analyzing and documenting relevant information regarding their interests,
involvement, interdependencies, influence, and potential impact on project success
and understanding their needs and expectations, and managing their involvement in
the project. It also involves managing stakeholder issues that may arise during the
project.

Overall, each knowledge area is critical to the success of road projects. By

carefully planning and executing each area, road projects can be completed on
time, within budget, and quality to the satisfaction of stakeholders.