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  • الخلاصه بايو 1

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    Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland that can occur due to low iodine levels or overstimulation from the pituitary gland. There are two main types of goiter - hypothyroidism which results from low thyroxine levels causing high TSH, and hyperthyroidism like exophthalmic goiter where high thyroxine levels lead to low TSH. The thyroid gland can become enlarged due to defects in the thyroid or pituitary gland that disrupt the negative feedback loop regulating thyroxine and TSH levels.

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    الخلاصة

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    الخلاصه-بايو-1[1]

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    Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland that can occur due to low iodine levels or overstimulation from the pituitary gland. There are two main types of goiter - hypothyroidism which results from low thyroxine levels causing high TSH, and hyperthyroidism like exophthalmic goiter where high thyroxine levels lead to low TSH. The thyroid gland can become enlarged due to defects in the thyroid or pituitary gland that disrupt the negative feedback loop regulating thyroxine and TSH levels.

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    5 views23 pages

    الخلاصه بايو 1

    Uploaded by

    El Salam Print
    Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland that can occur due to low iodine levels or overstimulation from the pituitary gland. There are two main types of goiter - hypothyroidism which results from low thyroxine levels causing high TSH, and hyperthyroidism like exophthalmic goiter where high thyroxine levels lead to low TSH. The thyroid gland can become enlarged due to defects in the thyroid or pituitary gland that disrupt the negative feedback loop regulating thyroxine and TSH levels.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 23

    ‫الخالصة‬

    GOITER

    Overall enlargement of the thyroid

    Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism
    Simple goiter Exophthalmic goiter

    Goiter occurs ENLARGEMENT OF


    Low iodine level
    (overstimulation) THYROID

    Inability to
    HIGH thyroxin
    produce thyroxin HIGH TSH No Effect levels

    Low thyroxin
    Negative feedback Negative
    level LOW TSH
    feedback
    Thyroid Gland Dysfunction

    Defect in Thyroid
    Defect in Pituitary
    gland
    gland

    Negative feedback
    TSH TSH

    Thyroid Gland Thyroid Gland

    Thyroxin Thyroxin
    Exopthalmic
    goiter
    Thyroid gland ENLARGMENT

    LOW TSH level in


    blood

    Still producing
    thyroxine without
    stimulation

    HIGH thyroxine
    level in blood Negative feedback Pituitary gland
    Hyposecretion of thyroxine
    Hyper secretion of thyroxine

    Autoimmune
    disorder

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