The University of Calgary

Schulich School of Engineering

ENGG 317 Mechanics of Solids (Winter 2009)

Instructors: Dr. S. Federico, Dr. M. Epstein*, Dr. L. Li, Dr. J. Wilson

* course coordinator

Final Examination

Mon 20 Apr, 08:00-11:00, Gold Gym (Kinesiology Building)

Student’s Last Name: ______________________________________________

Student’s First Name: ______________________________________________

Circle Lecture Section below:

08:00 – 09:00 MWF (L01) – Federico

09:00 – 10:00 MWF (L02) – Epstein
15:00 – 16:00 MWF (L03) – Li
16:00 – 17:00 MWF (L04) – Wilson

Instructions:

• Show your work clearly

• Clearly indicate your answer (e.g., underline or draw a box)
• Answer all five questions. Maximum marks for each question are indicated
• This is a closed book and closed notes exam
• Calculators are permitted
• Formula sheet attached
• Write your name on this title page, and your student ID at the top of all other pages
• Exam duration is 180 minutes

page 1 of 9
 Student ID Number:__________________

Question 1 (10 marks)

Question 2 (10 marks)

Question 3 (10 marks)

Question 4 (10 marks)

Question 5 (10 marks)

Final Mark

Formulae
NVM Diagrams General State of Stress and Strain in Isotropic Linear Elasticity
dV dM dM 2
1 ν ν E
= −w , =V , = −w εx = σ x − σ y − σ z , τ = Gγ , G =
dx dx dx2 E E E 2(1 + ν )

Uniaxial Stress in Bars, Thermal Strain

dδ du N L N ( x) L
ε= = , σ = Eε , ε = , δ =∫ dx ; ε thermal = α ΔT , δ thermal = ∫ α ( x ) ( ΔT )( x ) dx (

dx dx EA 0 EA( x ) 0

Torsion
ce
T = ∫ ρ τ dA ; for a circular cross-section (internal radius ci , external radius ce ): T = 2π ∫ ρ 2τ d ρ ;
A ci

ρφ ρ ρ T L T ( x) ρ φ
Linear elasticity: γ = ,γ= γ max , τ = τ max , τ = ρ,φ=∫ dx . Plasticity: Y = Y
L c c J 0 J ( x )G ( x ) c φ

Bending and Transverse Loading

M M 1 M VQ
M = − ∫ yσ x dA ; σ x = − y , σ max = c; = . τ ave =
I I ρ EI It

Stress Transformation
σ +σ y σ x −σ y σ +σ y σ x −σ y
σ x′ = x + cos 2θ + τ xy sin 2θ , σ y′ = x − cos 2θ − τ xy sin 2θ ,
2 2 2 2
σ −σ y 2τ xy σ −σ y
τ x′y′ = − x sin 2θ + τ xy cos 2θ , tan 2θ p = , tan 2θ s = − x ,
2 σ x −σ y 2τ xy

σx +σ y ⎛ σ x −σ y ⎞
2

σ min,max = ± ⎜ ⎟ + τ xy = σ ave ± R
2

2 ⎝ 2 ⎠

First Moment of Area, Second Moment of Area

Qx = ∫ ydA = Ay , I x = ∫ y 2 dA
A A

Properties of Plane Areas

y

x
bh 3 hb3 bh 2
O
x A = bh Ix = , Iy = JO = (h + b 2 )
y 12 12 12
b
y
π r4 πd4 π r4 πd4
r
x
A =πr 2
Ix = Ix = = JO = =
O 4 64 2 32

Parallel Axis Theorem: I x = I x′ + Ad 2 (where I x′ is the moment of inertia about a centroidal axis)

DO NOT REMOVE THIS PAGE

page 2 of 9
Question 1 (10 marks) Student ID Number:__________________

The composite rod shown on the right is made by three rectangular-cross-section stripes, connected at
their ends by means of the rigid plate AB, fixed at A, and the rigid plate CD, free at D.
The middle stripe is made of material 1 (with elastic modulus E1 and thermal expansion coefficient α1),
and the top and bottom stripes are made of material 2 (with elastic modulus E2 and thermal expansion
coefficient α2). The cross-section, shown on the left, is such that the middle portion has area A1, and the
top and bottom portion, together, have area A2.
When the rod undergoes a uniform increment of temperature ΔT, determine:
a) the reactions at A;
A2 E2, α2
A B C D

E1, α1
A1

E2, α2

b) the axial stress in material 1 and material 2;

c) the axial strain in the rod.
Imagine the temperature increment is removed, and determine
d) the axial centric force F to be applied at D in order to have the same strain as in point (c).
Reminder: please be mindful of physical dimensions!!

page 3 of 9
Question 2 (10 marks) Student ID Number:__________________

A 3-m long tubular steel shaft has a cross section with an internal radius of 40 mm and an external radius of
70 mm. The shaft is fixed at one end. Knowing that the steel used has a modulus of elasticity of 210 GPa, a
Poisson ratio of 0.3, and a yield stress of 300 MPa, determine:
a) the angle of twist φY to be applied at the free end to produce the onset of yield;
b) the minimum angle of twist φP necessary to reach a fully plastic section;
c) the torque T to be applied at the free end to produce an angle of twist φ = 12 (φY + φP ) .

page 4 of 9
Question 3 (10 marks) Student ID Number:__________________

A symmetric I-section beam has width 60 mm, depth 40 mm, flange thickness 10 mm and web thickness
24 mm as shown in the figure. It is made of brass which behaves as a perfect elasto-plastic material with
E = 100 GPa within the elastic range and yield stress σY = 100 MPa, as shown in the figure.
a) For pure bending is the maximum elastic moment greater when bent about the y-axis or the z-axis?
b) For pure bending is the fully plastic moment greater when bent about the y-axis or the z-axis?

Point P is on the centreline and 10 mm below the top of the beam. Point Q is on the centreline and 22 mm
below the top of the beam. A circular hole of area A is drilled in the section at point P. Determine the area
of the hole
c) if the neutral axis during elastic bending about the z-axis passes through point Q
d) if the neutral axis during fully plastic bending about the z-axis passes through point Q

σ [MPa]
y
100

40 mm 10 mm E = 100 GPa
P
24 mm
Q z ε

10 mm

60 mm
–100

page 5 of 9
Question 4 (10 marks) Student ID Number:__________________

Two plates of cast iron are perfectly welded together to form a beam with the bending moment shown.
The allowable tensile stress for the iron is 60 MPa, and the allowable compressive stress is 105 MPa.
a) Verify whether the design meets the strength requirement, knowing that d = 44 mm, Iz = 470016
mm4, and z is the neutral axis of the beam;
b) If the lower plate is replaced by a steel plate of the same size, determine the maximum tensile stress
in the beam, knowing that the Young’s moduli for the steel and iron are 210 GPa and 70 GPa,
respectively.

page 6 of 9
Question 5 (10 marks) Student ID Number:__________________

The sign shown below is supported by a solid post of radius 60 mm, and is subjected to an orthogonal
force exerted by the wind, P = 1200 N. Consider the cross-section at the bottom of the post, and
a) determine the state of stress on the stress element A shown;
b) find the principal stresses and show them on a properly oriented element.

page 7 of 9
Additional Page 1 Student ID Number:__________________

page 8 of 9
Additional Page 2 Student ID Number:__________________

page 9 of 9