12/11/23, 11:50 AM Limits Cheat Sheet

Limits Cheat Sheet

Limit Properties

If the limit of f ( x ) , and g ( x ) exists, then the following apply:

Sy

limx→a ( x ) = a

limx→a [ c · f ( x ) ] = c · limx→af ( x )
m

c ] = ( limx→af ( x ) ) c
limx→a [ ( f ( x ) )
bo

limx→a [ f ( x ) ± g ( x ) ] = limx→af ( x ) ± limx→ag ( x )

la

limx→a [ f ( x ) · g ( x ) ] = limx→af ( x ) · limx→ag ( x )

b

limx → af ( x )
[ ( )] =
( )
limx→a f x
g x limx → ag ( x )
, where limx→ag ( x ) ≠ 0

Limit to Infinity Properties

For limx→cf ( x ) = ∞,limx→cg ( x ) = L, the following apply:

limx→c [ f ( x ) ± g ( x ) ] = ∞

limx→c [ f ( x ) g ( x ) ] = ∞, L>0

limx→c [ f ( x ) g ( x ) ] = −∞, L<0

limx→c g ( x ) = 0
f(x)

n
limx→∞ ( ax ) = ∞, a>0

n
limx→ −∞ ( ax ) = ∞, n is even, a>0

https://www.symbolab.com/cheat-sheets/Limits# 1/3
12/11/23, 11:50 AM Limits Cheat Sheet

n
limx→ −∞ ( ax ) = −∞, n is odd, a>0

limx→∞ c
( )
x
a
=0
Sy
Indeterminate Forms

0 0
0 ∞
m
∞ 0
∞ 0
bo
0·∞ ∞−∞
la
∞
1
b
Common Limits

limx→∞ ( (1 + ) ) = e
k x
x
k
limx→∞ (( ) ) = e
x
x+k
x −k

(
limx→0 ( 1 + x ) x = e
1
)

Limit Rules

Limit of a constant limx→ac = c

Basic Limit limx→ax = a

Squeeze Theorem Let f, g and h be functions such that for all x ∈ [ a,b ]
( except possibly at the limit point c ) ,
f( x) ≤ h (x ) ≤ g( x)
Also suppose that, limx→cf ( x ) = limx→cg ( x ) = L
Then for any a ≤ c ≤ b, limx→ch ( x ) = L

L'Hopital's Rule
For limx→a ( (( )) ),
f x
g x
if limx→a ( (( )) ) =
f x
g x
0 or lim
0 ( )=
f( x)
x→ a g ( x )
±∞ ,
±∞
then

( ( ) ) = lim
limx→a f ( x )
g x
x→a ( )
′
f (x)
′
g (x )

Divergence Criterion If two sequences exist,

∞ ∞
{ } { }
xn n=1 and yn n=1 with

https://www.symbolab.com/cheat-sheets/Limits# 2/3
S
12/11/23, 11:50 AM Limits Cheat Sheet
xn ≠ c and yn ≠ c

Sy limn→∞xn = limn→∞yn = c
limn→∞f ( xn ) ≠ limn→∞f ( yn )
Then limx→ cf ( x ) does not exist

m
Limit Chain Rule if limu → b f ( u ) = L, and limx → ag ( x ) = b, and f ( x )
is continuous at x = b

bo Then: limx → a f ( g ( x ) ) = L

la
b

https://www.symbolab.com/cheat-sheets/Limits# 3/3