Chapter 10 Schools - Version1

Student name:__________
MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that

best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) The two main approaches to student learning are
constructivist and
1) ______
D) cooperative.
A) deconstructivist.
B) instrumental.
C) direct instruction.
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Question Details Remember
Learning Goal : Describe approaches to educating students. Difficulty : Basic
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2) Which of the following statements regarding the

constructivist view of student learning is TRUE?
2) ______
D) All of these
A) It is learner-centered. choices are correct.
B) Individuals actively construct their knowledge.
C) Teachers are guides to learning.
domains
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3) In Mr. Durgan's U.S. history class, students work in mentor for the project.
teams to explore, research, and present a topic to the class. This is an example of
They can choose from a list of topics or propose a topic to the
teacher for approval. Mr. Durgan serves as their guide and
3) ______
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D) an open
A) the constructivist approach to learning. education approach.
B) the jigsaw classroom.
C) direct instruction.
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Difficulty : Moderate Navigation
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4) An important goal in the direct instruction approach to

learning is
4) ______
D) None of these
A) collaboration. choices are correct.
B) maximizing student learning time.
C) the development of critical thinking skills.

Learning Goal : Describe approaches to educating students. Difficulty : Basic
domains Navigation
5) Which of the following statements regarding the direct

approach to learning is NOT true?
5) ______
D) It emphasizes
A) It is a student-centered approach. time on academic tasks.
B) It is a teacher-centered approach.
C) It is a passive approach.
domains
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6) Ms. Carter teaches a high-school civics class. She
lectures and uses PowerPoint slides to illustrate her main
points, has the students memorize key facts, and keeps the
students focused on the material. Ms. Carter is using which
approach to learning?
6) ______
D) constructivist
A) critical thinking
B) nontraditional
C) direct instruction

7) One of the criticisms of the direct instruction approach

to learning is that it
7) ______
D) wastes
A) is boring for the learners. valuable class time.
B) focuses too much on the development of critical
thinking and not enough of the content of the discipline.
C) turns children into passive learners.
Difficulty : Moderate
Question Details null : Bloom's Taxonomy:
Learning Goal : Describe approaches to educating students. Understand
domains Navigation
8) Jamie has a reading disability. Which of the following

approaches to learning would experts recommend for Jamie?
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8) ______
D) computer-
A) self-paced learning assisted
B) direct instruction
C) peer-tutored

9) Many states have identified objectives for students in policy in 2002 when
their state and created tests to measure whether students were the_____ legislation was
meeting those objectives. This approach became national signed into law.
9) ______
D) Reach for
A) Carnegie Foundation Success
B) Talent Search
C) No Child Left Behind
Learning Goal : Describe approaches to educating students. Remember
domains Navigation
10) No Child Left Behind places responsibility for student

learning primarily on
10) ______
D) teachers'
A) the federal government. unions.
B) individual towns and communities.
C) the states.
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Learning Goal : Describe approaches to educating students. psychology’s content domains
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Difficulty : Moderate Accessibility : Keyboard
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11) Which topic does the No Child Left Behind legislation

NOT measure?
11) ______
D) All of these
A) social skills choices are correct.
B) creativity
C) flexible thinking
Learning Goal : Describe approaches to educating students. Remember
domains Navigation
12) The Common Core State Standards Initiative
12) ______
C) ends social
A) mandates standardized testing to ensure that promotion.
children meet certain educational objectives. D) ensures that
B) specifies what students should know and the skills schools hire quality
they should develop at each grade level in various content teachers.
areas.
domains Navigation
13) Which of the following is a criticism of No Child Left

Behind?
13) ______
A) Using a single
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test score represents a narrow aspect of students' skills. skills.
B) Teachers spend too much time "teaching to the D) All of these
test." choices are correct.
C) It limits ability to develop higher-level thinking
domains Navigation
14) Some experts in the area of adolescent giftedness underperforming students

believe that the inadequate education of gifted adolescents has at the expense of the
been compounded by _____, which focuses on gifted.
14) ______
D) All of these
A) IDEA choices are correct
B) No Child Left Behind
C) I Have a Dream program
describe their education.

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Understand
domains Accessibility : Keyboard
Learning Goal : Characterize adolescents who are exceptional, and
15) The _____ Act allows states to scale back the role that
test scores play in holding schools accountable for student
achievement.
15) ______
D) I Have A
A) Every Student Succeeds Dream
B) No Child Left Behind
C) Common Core
domains
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adolescents who are exceptional, and describe their education. Accessibility : Keyboard
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16) If adolescents are to be adequately prepared for that students become

tomorrow’s jobs, schools must take an active role in ensuring _____.
16) ______
D) None of these
A) forward thinkers choices are correct.
B) technologically literate
C) bilingual
17) The transition to middle school or junior high school

is stressful because
17) ______
select their courses.

A) students have less independence than they did in D) many changes
elementary school. are taking place at the
B) students have to shift to a team-oriented approach. same time.
C) students have too many subjects from which to
emerging adulthood.
Learning Goal : Discuss transitions in schooling from early adolescence to
18) The top-dog phenomenon occurs when
18) ______
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for respect of their peers.
A) older students bully younger students in the D) teachers let
school setting. students know that they are
B) students go from being the most powerful in a in control in the classroom.
school to the least powerful in a new, higher-level school.
C) shy students compete with more assertive students
emerging adulthood.
19) Turning Points 2000 continues to endorse the recommendation for

recommendations of Turning Points 1989 but adds a new schools to
19) ______
courses.
A) have all students learn a foreign language, D) None of these
beginning in elementary school. choices are correct.
B) engage in instruction to help students achieve
higher standards and become life-long learners.
C) provide more elective courses and fewer core
emerging adulthood.
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20) Employers expect employees to have all of the

following basic skills EXCEPT the ability to
20) ______
C) read at
A) communicate effectively both verbally and in
writing.
B) do basic geometry.
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relatively high levels.
D) solve semistructured problems.
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Learning Goal : Discuss
Question Details transitions in schooling from
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze early adolescence to emerging
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content adulthood.
21) In suggesting ways to improve schools, the National

Research Council emphasized the importance of
21) ______
elective courses.
A) finding ways to get students more engaged in D) extending the
learning. school day to allow for
B) expanding the high-school curriculum to include more instructional time.
courses on life skills.
C) getting back to basics and eliminating many
emerging adulthood.
22) Being a high school dropout increases the likelihood

of ______ during emerging adulthood.
22) ______
D) poor peer
A) attempted suicide relations
B) divorce
C) high levels of neuroticism
emerging adulthood.
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23) In one study, almost 50 percent of dropouts said their
primary reason for leaving school was
23) ______
C) economic.
A) peer-related. D) school-related.
B) personal.
emerging adulthood.
24) Which of the following statements regarding school

dropouts is NOT true?
24) ______
do so for personal reasons.

A) Students from low-income families are more D) Almost 50
likely to drop out than those from middle-income families. percent of students drop
B) A positive trajectory towards academic success is out due to personal
related to good parent-adolescent relationships in early problems.
adolescence.
C) Approximately one-third of the girls who drop out

25) Mrs. Grundy, a superintendent of schools, wants to

implement strategies that will decrease the dropout rate in her
district. According to research, what should Mrs. Grundy
concentrate on FIRST?
25) ______
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programs to decrease teen
A) Early detection and remediation of children's pregnancy rates.
learning difficulties. D) Developing
B) Allowing adolescents to have shorter school days more exciting curricula so
so that they can work and contribute financially to their that students won't drop
families. out from boredom.
C) Developing comprehensive sex-education

Difficulty : Difficult Accessibility : Keyboard
Learning Goal : Discuss transitions in schooling from early adolescence to Navigation
emerging adulthood.
26) Talent Search, a high school dropout prevention

program, provides all of the following services to at-risk
students EXCEPT
26) ______
D) training in test-
A) mentoring. taking skills.
B) tutoring.
C) vocational training.
emerging adulthood.
27) The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds

dropout-reduction programs that emphasize which strategy?
27) ______
C) keeping at-risk
A) peer mentoring and tutoring students with the same
B) Saturday school to help students catch up with teachers through their high
their peers academically school years
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D) placing students with community mentors at least five hours each week
emerging adulthood.
28) The "I Have A Dream" Program is designed to
28) ______
D) promote
A) prepare students to open their own businesses. greater harmony among
B) prevent students from dropping out of school. diverse ethnic groups.
C) prevent teen pregnancy.
emerging adulthood.
29) Which of the following statements about the transition

from high school to college is NOT true?
29) ______
college.
A) There is an increased focus on achievement and D) Students have
performance. more opportunities to
B) The transition to college usually involves moving explore different values in
to a more personalized setting. college.
C) Students have more time to spend with peers in
emerging adulthood.
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30) Which of the following statements about stress in
college is NOT true?
30) ______
their male counterparts to

A) Today's college freshmen report that they are feel overwhelmed.
experiencing more stress than in the past. D) The pressure to
B) College males are more likely than their female succeed in college is
counterparts to feel overwhelmed. pervasive.
C) College females are more than twice as likely as

31) The reason most frequently given for stress and

depression among college students is
31) ______
D) pressure from
A) living away from home. parents to get good grades.
B) having too many assignments and too little time to
complete them.
C) fear of failing in a success-oriented world.
emerging adulthood.
32) How much more money can a college graduate expect

to make compared to a higher school graduate?
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32) ______
C) $30,000
A) $10,000 D) $40,000
B) $20,000

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Difficulty : Easy
Learning Goal : Explain how the social contexts of schools influence Navigation
adolescent development.
33) American colleges are criticized because
33) ______
requirements.
A) they teach general versus specific job skills. D) few students
B) they offer degrees in too few areas. complete their degrees.
C) they are too selective in the admissions

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Difficulty : Easy
34) Which of the following statements regarding the social

context of schools is NOT true?
34) ______
peers, extracurricular
A) The school environment increases in scope and activities, clubs, and
complexity as children move into middle and junior high community.
schools. D) The classroom
B) Adolescents socially interact with many different is the social field.
teachers and peers.
C) Social behavior is heavily weighted towards
Question Details
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35) Two effective general strategies for creating positive

classrooms are effectively managing the group's activities and
using
35) ______
D) a laissez-faire
A) an authoritarian strategy. strategy.
B) an authoritative strategy.
C) a permissive strategy.
36) Mr. Delaney encourages his students to be

independent thinkers and doers, but he still monitors them and
provides clear rules and regulations for his classroom. He
engages his students in considerable verbal exchanges about
the subject matter and displays a caring attitude towards them.
Mr. Delaney has which of the following classroom
management strategies?
36) ______
D) laissez-faire
A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) semi-permissive

Question Details Apply
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applications of psychology
Accessibility : Keyboard Navigation
37) Students in authoritarian classrooms often develop
37) ______
D) All of these
A) passive learning habits. choices are correct.
B) poor communication skills.
C) anxiety about social comparison.
38) Students in permissive strategy classrooms have all of

the following EXCEPT
38) ______
D) inadequate
A) low self-control. academic skills.
B) considerable autonomy.
C) support for developing learning skills.
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domains
Learning Goal : Explain how the social contexts of schools influence
39) Mrs. Chen has been given an award by her school

district for being a highly effective teacher. Which of the
following is most likely to be true of Mrs. Chen?
39) ______
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D) She sets a fast
A) She is able to keep her class working together. pace for moving through
B) She has strict rules to avoid any discipline material and does not
problems at all. waste time.
C) She does not do much actual direct instruction;
she monitors student learning in groups.

Learning Goal : Explain how the social contexts of schools influence Accessibility : Keyboard
adolescent development. Navigation
40) Mr. Root has clear classroom rules, but students are so rule. As a result, his
busy being absorbed in learning that he rarely has to enforce a students are
40) ______
D) All of these
A) more likely to be motivated. choices are correct.
B) less likely to develop academic problems.
C) less likely to develop emotional problems.
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41) Which of the following statements regarding

secondary-school students' problems is NOT true?
41) ______
C) Discipline
A) Secondary-school students' problems are more
difficult to modify than those of elementary school students.
B) Secondary-school students demand elaborate

explanations of rules.
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problems are frequently less severe than in elementary school.
D) Secondary-school students may be unruly and
potentially dangerous.
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domains
42) Which of the following factors has adolescent expert entering middle school or
Jacquelynne Eccles identified as a problem for adolescents junior high school?
42) ______
D) Teachers
A) Teachers become more lax at the same time that become more controlling
young adolescents need more structure. at a time when young
B) Teachers become more like surrogate parents adolescents are seeking
when young adolescents need less warmth and adult interest. more autonomy.
C) A decreased emphasis on grades makes things less
stressful.
Difficulty : Difficult Understand
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43) Ross's parents have routines for meals, chores,

recreation, homework, and bedtimes. As a result, Ross is
likely to
43) ______
D) rebel against
A) be on the honor roll nearly every term. his parents for forcing such
B) have few school problems. a scheduled life.
C) be involved in several extracurricular activities.

Question Details Apply
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applications of psychology
44) Which one of the following is NOT recommended in

terms of how parents should be involved in their children’s
education?
44) ______
own work.
A) Keep in mind that ability is not fixed and can D) Interact with
change. children in positive ways.
B) Help children complete their homework
assignments.
C) Encourage children to be responsible for his/her
domains
45) Which of the following statements regarding parental

involvement in adolescents' schooling is TRUE?
45) ______
curricular choices.
A) Most parents are fairly knowledgeable about D) Parents'
normal adolescent development. involvement needs to
B) Parents and teachers usually get to know each decrease by the time their
other well at the high-school level. children are in high school.
C) Parents need to receive better information about
Learning Goal : Explain how the

Question Details social contexts of schools
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze influence adolescent
Difficulty : Difficult development.
domains Navigation
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46) Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to be bullied?
46) ______
D) Peter, a
A) Tom, a ninth grader who is somewhat aggressive. somewhat anxious and
withdrawn sixth grader.
B) Janet, a quiet but popular seventh grader.
C) Agnes, a studious tenth grader.
domains
47) Which of the following students is most likely to be a

bully?
47) ______
peers.
A) Skyler, who has average grades and is fairly D) Lisa, who is an
popular. honor student but suffers
B) Donald, who drinks alcohol and has some mild from anxiety.
depressive symptoms.
C) Evie, who is shy and socially withdrawn from her
domains
48) What developmental outcomes have been associated

with victims of bullying?
48) ______
B) internalizing
A) attempted suicide problems like depression
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C) externalizing problems like antisocial behavior
D) All of these choices are correct.
49) How might parents indirectly affect the likelihood of

children both being victim of bullying and a perpetrator of
bullying?
49) ______
D) using an
A) supervising their children indulgent parenting style
B) using harsh discipline techniques
C) having depression
50) What role do peers play in bullying?
50) ______
C) Both of these
A) Peer support can prevent bullying because bullies choices are correct.
are less likely to target those with friends who can defend the D) Neither of
person being bullied. these choices are correct.
B) Peers encourage bullying because bullies often
gain social status by bullying victims.
domains
Question Details Learning Goal : Explain how the
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content social contexts of schools
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influence adolescent development. Accessibility : Keyboard
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51) Oliver has been threatened and harassed on the

Internet by another child. He has had rumors spread about
him and has had direct threats made against him. Oliver is a
victim of
51) ______
D) covert
A) instrumental bullying. bullying.
B) virtual harassment.
C) cyberbullying.

52) Olweus's bullying prevention program focuses on

children ages
52) ______
C) 12 to 15.
A) 6 to 9. D) 6 to 15.
B) 7 to 11.

Learning Goal : Explain how the social contexts of schools influence Difficulty : Basic
adolescent development. Accessibility : Keyboard
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53) ______
D) 30 to 70
A) 10 to 25 percent. percent.
B) 20 to 30 percent.
C) 70 to 90 percent.

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54) All of the following students are participating in

extracurricular activities EXCEPT
54) ______
D) Sam, who
A) Naomi, who is in her school's drama club. takes violin lessons at the
B) Elliot, who is a member of the Future Teachers' Community Academy of
Club. Music.
C) Courtney, who works part-time at a local pizza
shop.


extracurricular activities is NOT true?
55) ______
activities.
A) Participation in extracurricular activities is linked C) The more years
to higher grades. adolescents spend in
B) Students focused on a single extracurricular extracurricular activities,
activity benefit more than students who participate in many the stronger likelihood of
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positive developmental outcomes. competent, supportive
D) High-quality extracurricular activities include adult mentors.
domains
56) Eddie lives in a housing project for low-income

families. His parents both work hard, but there is little time or
extra money for their children. Eddie is most likely to attend a
school that has
56) ______
D) None of these
A) high expectations for students. choices are correct.
B) inexperienced teachers.
C) several state and federal grants to buy computers
and other teaching technology.

57) The City Connects program involves site coordinators

and teachers collaborating to develop a plan that might
include
57) ______
D) All of these
A) an after school program. choices are correct.
B) tutoring.
C) family counselling.
Question Details
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null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze adolescent development.
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Difficulty : Moderate
58) ______ is a nonprofit organization that recruits and

selects college graduates from universities to serve as teachers
in low-income conditions.
58) ______
D) Bill and
A) City Connects Melinda Gates Foundation
B) Teach for America
C) Turning Points
domains
59) Jonathan Kozol, author of The Shame of the Nation,

found in his visits to 60 U.S. schools in low-income areas that
teachers
59) ______
but they were adequate.

A) often employed threatening discipline techniques. D) All of these
choices are correct.
B) tried to stimulate critical thinking.
C) have fewer resources than schools in better areas,
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60) According to Gollnick & Chinn, Sawyer, Spencer & enrolled in a special-
others, which of the following students is MOST likely to be education class?
60) ______
D) Greta, an
A) Joey, a Latino adolescent exchange student from
B) Emmy, an Asian adolescent Austria
C) Oscar, a non-Latino White adolescent
domains
61) According to Gollnick & Chinn, Sawyer, Spencer &

others, which of the following students is MOST likely to be
enrolled in an advanced math class?
61) ______
D) Angie, an
A) Erica, a non-Latino White girl Asian girl
B) Charlene, an African-American girl
C) Everett, a Native-American boy
domains
62) According to Gollnick & Chinn, Sawyer, Spencer &

others, which students are MOST likely to be suspended from
school?
62) ______
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D) non-Latino
A) Latinos Whites
B) African Americans
C) Native Americans
Learning Goal : Explain how the social contexts of schools influence Remember
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global levels
63) America's fastest-growing minority population is
63) ______
D) African
A) immigrants from the former Soviet Union. Americans.
B) Latinas.
C) Filipinos.
global levels
64) Ms. Robbins, a high-school guidance counselor, tells college. Anita is most
Anita, a Latina adolescent, that she should plan to go away to likely to
64) ______
D) ask Ms.
A) agree with Ms. Robbins. Robbins to talk to her
B) get married right out of high school and not attend parents about letting her
college. move away for college.
C) want to stay close to home, due to family
responsibilities.
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Apply Accessibility : Keyboard
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65) The "jigsaw classroom" was developed by
65) ______
C) Elliot Aronson.
A) John Dewey. D) Peter Blos.
B) Maryanne Bright.

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content Difficulty : Basic
66) Troy, an African American student, works in

cooperation with students from a variety of backgrounds who
each contribute different parts of a classroom project in order
for the group to reach a common goal. Troy is participating in
a
66) ______
D) router
A) jigsaw classroom. classroom.
B) patchwork classroom.
C) crossword classroom.
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Question Details enhance interpersonal
Learning Goal : Explain how the social contexts of schools influence relationships
67) Three important

aspects of the Comer
Project for Change are a
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governance and management team that develops a development plan; a
comprehensive school plan, assessment strategy, and staff parent's program; and
67) ______
D) a strong focus
A) a program for siblings. on life skills.
B) a mental health or school support team.
C) a strong focus on athletics.

Question Details Understand
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secondary-school experiences in other countries is TRUE?
68) ______
with parental permission.

A) Brazil requires students to go to school until they D) Australia
are 16 years of age. mandates that students be
B) Japan requires school attendance until at least age in school until age 18.
15 to 16.
C) Russia allows students to leave school at age 15
Learning Goal : Explain how the social contexts of schools influence Understand
global levels

Germany's school system is NOT true?
69) ______
B) It offers a
A) It has four educational ability tracks. classical education, which
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includes courses in Latin and Greek. university.
C) It has a comprehensive exit exam.
D) The academic school prepares students to enter a
null : APA 3.3 Adopt values that

Question Details build community at local,
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze national, and global levels
70) Which of the following countries has an entrance

examination for secondary schools?
70) ______
C) Australia
A) China D) Brazil
B) Japan

global levels
71) Which of the following countries has a comprehensive

secondary-school exit exam?
71) ______
C) Australia
A) China D) Japan
B) Brazil

global levels
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72) Lizeth goes to school in Brazil. She is required to study
72) ______
D) None of these
A) Western literature. choices are correct.
B) Portuguese and four other languages (Latin,
French, Spanish, and English).
C) weaving and other indigenous crafts.
Learning Goal : Explain how the social contexts of schools influence Apply
global levels
73) Which of the following statements regarding Chinese

schools is TRUE?
73) ______
C) Classrooms are
A) Parents are responsible for orienting their large but orderly.
adolescents to behave in school. D) All of these
B) Chinese schools send students with discipline choices are correct.
problems home immediately.
global levels
null : APA 3.3 Adopt values that build community at local, national, and
74) What is the best explanation as to why the U.S. has a

lower percentage of adults with a college education than
many other countries?
74) ______
prevents many from

A) The high cost of a college education in the attending college.
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B) Poor math and science performance among U.S. D) None of these
high school students prevents many from getting into college. choices are correct.
C) U.S. colleges are more academically difficult than
colleges in other countries.

75) ADHD is categorized as
75) ______
D) a disability.
A) an emotional disturbance.
B) a cognitive impairment.
C) a mental illness.

76) The largest group of U.S. students to receive special

education is children with
76) ______
D) speech and
A) mental retardation. language impairments.
B) emotional problems.
C) learning disabilities.

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77) A learning disability can involve all of the following
EXCEPT difficulty with
77) ______
C) spelling.
A) math. D) music.
B) reading.

Learning Goal : Characterize adolescents who are exceptional, and Navigation
78) Individuals who have a severe impairment in their

ability to read and spell have a type of learning disability
known as
78) ______
C) dyslogia.
A) dyslexia. D) dyspepsia.
B) dyscalculia.

79) Researchers have found all of the following to be true

of learning disabilities EXCEPT
79) ______
B) the most
A) learning disabilities reside in a specific area of the common learning disability
brain. involves reading.
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C) children and adolescents with learning disabilities often cannot match up
often have poor handwriting. letters and sounds.
D) children and adolescents with learning disabilities
Learning Goal : Characterize

Question Details adolescents who are exceptional,
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze and describe their education.
domains Navigation
80) Which of the following characteristics must be present

for a diagnosis of ADHD?
80) ______
C) anxiety
A) obsessions and compulsions D) inattention
B) phobias

81) James cannot sit still for a 75-minute college class. He

gets up every 15 minutes and walks across the room to the
wastebasket. He shreds his Styrofoam cup into tiny pieces,
interrupts the professor to ask questions about material that
has already been covered, and shouts out answers to questions
without raising his hand. It is likely that James
81) ______
C) has ADHD.
A) is gifted and is bored in class. D) has OCD.
B) has restless-leg syndrome.
Question Details
Version 1 36
Difficulty : Moderate null : APA: 1.3 Describe
Learning Goal : Characterize adolescents who are exceptional, and applications of psychology
describe their education. Accessibility : Keyboard
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Navigation
82) A major concern of experts is that ADHD is being
82) ______
D) None of these
A) undiagnosed. choices are correct.
B) incorrectly diagnosed.
C) overdiagnosed.

83) David, age seven, has been diagnosed with ADHD.

All of the following are probably true for David EXCEPT
83) ______
D) he needs help
A) he will outgrow his condition by late adolescence. to organize his work.
B) he has difficulty working independently.

C) he is distractible.

Version 1 37
84) ______
C) Ritalin
A) Cymbalta D) Resperidol
B) Lisinopril

85) ADHD is best treated with
85) ______
D) antidepressant
A) medication and behavior management. medications.
B) behavior management without medication.
C) stimulant medications.

86) New treatments for ADHD include all of the following

EXCEPT
86) ______
D) horseback
A) neurofeedback. riding.
B) exercise.
C) mindfulness training.

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content and describe their education.
domains null : Bloom's Taxonomy:
Version 1 38
Remember
87) Autism spectrum disorders are characterized by
87) ______
D) All of these
A) problems in social interaction. choices are correct.
B) difficulties in processing information.
C) repetitive behaviors.

88) ______ is a relatively mild autism spectrum disorder and a restricted range of
in which the child has relatively good verbal language skills interests and relationships.
88) ______
D) None of these
A) Asperger syndrome choices are correct.
B) ADHD
C) Dyscalculia

89) A written statement that spells out a program

specifically tailored for children or adolescents with a
disability is called
89) ______
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D) an
A) an inclusion plan. individualized education
B) a mainstreaming plan. plan.
C) a child-centered plan.

90) Patrice's daughter, Amber, has a severe hearing This plan does not meet
disorder which requires that she have a sign-language Amber's needs. This plan
interpreter in order for her to learn. When Patrice meets with does not meet the
the education team, she is given an educational plan that was standards of
developed for another student with mild hearing problems.
90) ______
D) a
A) an IEP. mainstreaming plan.
B) the No Child Left Behind Act.
C) an inclusion plan.

91) Educating a child or adolescent with special education

needs in the regular classroom full-time is called
91) ______
D) supplemented
A) mainstreaming. education.
B) inclusion.
C) modified education.
Question Details
Version 1 40
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember
92) Which of the following statements regarding gifted

adolescents is NOT true?
92) ______
D) They monitor
A) In many cases, they require explicit instruction. their understanding better
B) They excel at information processing. than their nongifted
C) They begin to master an area earlier than their counterparts.
peers.

null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze and describe their education.
domains Navigation
93) Adolescents who are gifted have a superior talent in

some domain and/or
93) ______
children.
A) are creative. D) All of these
B) have an above-normal average IQ, usually 130 or choices are correct.
higher.
C) are dedicated to their studies more than average

Version 1 41
94) Ellen Winner's three characteristics of adolescents
who are gifted are precocity, a passion to master, and
94) ______
D) slow but
A) marching to their own drummer. methodical processing of
B) becoming easily bored. information.
C) external motivation.

95) Moira, age 13, began playing the violin at age 4. Now characteristic of giftedness
she can play nearly as well as her father, who is a professional that Ellen Winner calls
musician. She seems to love her music lessons, and playing
the violin seems effortless for her. Moira is demonstrating a
95) ______
D) marching to
A) rapid information processing. her own drummer.
B) precocity.
C) a passion to master.

96) Linda, age 12, is gifted in art. Her parents arrange for characteristic of giftedness
her to take a class in sculpture at a local college, but she does that Ellen Winner calls
not take directions from the professor very well. While other
students ask for support and guidance, Linda creates her
sculptures totally on her own. Linda is demonstrating a
96) ______
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D) marching to
A) rapid information processing. her own drummer.
B) precocity.
C) a passion to master.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a instruction approaches to

separate sheet of paper. learning.
97) Compare and contrast the constructivist and direct
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
null : APA: 1.2 Develop a

Question Details working knowledge of
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes psychology’s content domains
Difficulty : Difficult Navigation
Learning Goal : Describe approaches to educating students.
98) Describe the No Child Left Behind Act, its goals, and
its criticisms.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
Version 1 43
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
domains
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes Understand
99) Describe the Every Student Succeeds Act and the

flexibility states have when implementing the law.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
domains
100) Discuss the International Society for Technology in

Education’s update in technology standards.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
Version 1 44
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
domains
101) Explain why the transition to middle or junior high

school can be difficult or stressful for many students.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
emerging adulthood.
domains Navigation
Version 1 45
emerging adulthood.
domains Navigation
103) Explain the philosophy behind the "I Have a Dream"

Project.
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
________________
Version 1 46
emerging adulthood.
domains Navigation
104) Explain why the transition from college to work can

be difficult.
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
________________
Version 1 47
emerging adulthood.
domains Navigation
105) Compare and contrast the major differences among the permissive strategy of
authoritative strategy of classroom management, the classroom management.
authoritarian strategy of classroom management, and the
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes Accessibility : Keyboard
null : Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyze Navigation
domains
106) Describe research findings on the roles of family

management practices and parental involvement in adolescent
achievement.
______________________
______________________
Version 1 48
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ _____________
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes null : Bloom's Taxonomy:
107) Describe the scope, types, characteristics of victims

and perpetrators, and negative outcomes of bullying.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
108) What differences exist between adolescents who

participate in extracurricular activities and those who do not?
_________________________________________________ ______________________
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_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________
109) What are some of the barriers to learning that are

faced by adolescents from low-income backgrounds?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
global levels
110) List and briefly describe several strategies for

improving relationships among ethnically diverse students.
_________________________________________________ ______________________
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_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________

Question Details Understand
null : APA: 4.1 Demonstrate effective writing for different purposes Accessibility : Keyboard
null : APA: 3.2 Build and enhance interpersonal relationships
111) Describe trends and gender differences in learning

disabilities and discuss diagnostic criteria and interventions
for learning disabilities.
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
________________
Version 1 51
domains Navigation
112) List the main characteristics of Attention Deficit trends in diagnosis, and
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Discuss gender differences, treatment options.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

domains
113) Outline the history and basic concepts of the

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ______________________
Version 1 52
_________________________________________________ ______________________
_________________________________________________ ________
_________________________________________________

domains
114) Describe three characteristics of gifted adolescents

identified by Ellen Winner.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

domains Navigation
Answer Key
Test name: Chapter
Version 1 53
10 Schools
1) C
2) D
3) A
4) B
5) A
6) C
7) C
8) B
9) C
10) C
11) D
12) B
13) D
14) B
15) A
16) B
17) D
18) B
19) B
Version 1 54
20) B
21) A
22) A
23) D
24) D
25) A
26) C
27) C
28) B
29) B
30) B
31) C
32) B
33) A
34) D
35) B
36) A
37) D
38) C
39) A
40) D
Version 1 55
41) C
42) D
43) B
44) B
45) C
46) D
47) B
48) D
49) A
50) C
51) C
52) D
53) D
54) C
55) B
56) B
57) D
58) B
59) A
60) A
61) D
Version 1 56
62) B
63) B
64) C
65) C
66) A
67) B
68) B
69) A
70) B
71) C
72) B
73) D
74) A
75) D
76) C
77) D
78) A
79) A
80) D
81) C
82) B
Version 1 57
83) A
84) C
85) A
86) D
87) D
88) A
89) D
90) A
91) B
92) A
93) B
94) A
95) B
96) D
97) The constructivist approach is a learner- with careful
centered approach that emphasizes the monitoring and
importance of individuals actively meaningful
constructing their own knowledge and guidance from the
understanding with guidance from the teacher. teacher. Today,
In the constructivist view, teachers should not constructivism may
attempt to simply pour information into include an emphasis
children's minds. Children should be on collaboration—
encouraged to explore their world, discover children working
knowledge, reflect, and think critically, all with each other in
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their efforts to know and understand. By important goal in
contrast, the direct instruction approach is a the direct
structured, teacher-centered approach that is instruction approach
characterized by teacher direction and control, is maximizing
high teacher expectations for students' student learning
progress, maximum time spent by students on time.
academic tasks, and efforts by the teacher to
keep negative affect to a minimum. An
98) NCLB is the U.S. government's effort to spending far too
hold schools and school districts accountable much class time
for the success or failure of their students. teaching to the test.
This legislation shifts the responsibility to the Despite such
states, requiring states to create their own criticisms, the U.S.
standards for student achievement in Department of
mathematics, English/language arts, and Education is
science. Critics of NCLB argue that the committed to
legislation will do more harm than good. One implementing
criticism stresses that using a single score NCLB, and schools
from a single test as the sole indicator of are making
students' progress and competence represents accommodations to
a very narrow aspect of student skills. Critics meet the
also say that the tests schools use to access requirements of the
achievement as part of NCLB don't measure law.
important skills such as creativity, motivation,
persistence, flexible thinking, and social skills.
In addition, critics point out that teachers are
99) The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is scheduled for
is the most recent initiative in U.S. education. implementation
It was passed into law in December 2015 and during the 2018-
Version 1 59
2019 school year. ESSA retains annual testing least one
for reading and writing success in grades 3 to nonacademic factor
8, then once more in high school. States can —such as student
also scale back the role that test scores play in engagement—when
holding schools accountable for student tracking schools’
achievement. In addition, schools must use at success.
100) According to the International Society creatively in their
for Technology in Education, each adolescent use of digital tools.
should become an empowered learner, Finally, each
actively using technology to reach learning student should be a
goals. Each student should become a digital global collaborator,
citizen, demonstrating responsibility and using technology to
ethical use. Each student should be a widen their
knowledge constructor, using a variety of perspectives and
resources and digital tools. Students should be enhance their
innovative designers, using various learning by
technologies to craft useful and imaginative connecting with
solutions. Students should be computational others both locally
thinkers by developing strategies in using and globally.
technology to create solutions. Students
should be creative communicators by
communicating effectively and thinking
101) The transition takes place at a time changes in social
when many changes in the individual, in the cognition; increased
family, and in the school are occurring at the responsibility and
same time. These changes include puberty and decreased
related concerns about body image; the dependency on
emergence of at least some aspects of formal parents; change to a
operational thought, including accompanying larger, more
Version 1 60
impersonal school structure; change from one biggest, and most
teacher to many teachers and from a small, powerful students in
homogenous set of peers to a larger, more the elementary
heterogeneous set of peers. In addition, there school to being the
is an increased focus on achievement, youngest, smallest,
performance, and assessment. When students and least powerful
make the transition to middle or junior high students in the
school, they experience the top-dog middle or junior
phenomenon, moving from being the oldest, high school.
102) In the last half of the twentieth century likely to drop out of
and the first decade of the twenty-first high school despite
century, U.S. high school dropout rates doing well
declined. The dropout rate of Latino academically and
adolescents remains high, although it has been behaviorally. Many
decreasing considerably in the twenty-first school dropouts
century. Gender differences in U.S. high have friends who
school dropout rates have been narrowing, but are also school
males were still slightly more likely to drop dropouts.
out than females. Students drop out of school Approximately one-
for school-related, economic, family-related, third of the girls
peer-related, and personal reasons. School- who drop out of
related problems are consistently associated school do so for
with dropping out of school. Students from personal reasons,
low-income families are more likely to drop such as pregnancy
out of school than those from middle-income or marriage.
families. Adolescents who had poor
relationships with their families were more
103) The "I Have a Dream" Project (IHAD) dropout prevention
is an innovative, comprehensive, long term, program
Version 1 61
administered by a national foundation in New high school, IHAD
York. Created in 1986, it has grown to over provides the tuition
180 projects, serving more than 15,000 necessary for them
children and adolescents. The basic idea to attend a state or
behind IHAD is that local chapters "adopt" local college or
entire grades from public elementary schools vocational school.
or corresponding age cohorts from public This program has
housing developments. These children, called been highly
Dreamers, are then provided with a program successful in
of academic, social, cultural, and recreational keeping children in
activities throughout their elementary, middle- school and
school, and high-school years. An important encouraging them to
part of this program is that it is personal, go on to college.
rather than institutional. IHAD sponsors and
staff develop long-term, close relationships
with the children. When participants complete
104) Having a college degree is a strong individuals have
asset. College graduates can enter careers that difficulty obtaining
will earn them considerably more money in the type of job they
their lifetimes than those who do not go to desire, or any job at
college, and the income differences between all. Bouncing from
college graduates and high-school graduates one job to another
continue to grow. Nonetheless, in North after college is not
American countries, the transition from unusual.
college to work is often difficult. U.S. colleges Accelerated
train many students to develop general skills technical and
rather than vocationally specific skills, with occupational change
the result that many college graduates are in the future may
poorly prepared for specific jobs or make it even more
occupations. After finishing college, many difficult for colleges
Version 1 62
to provide training that keeps up with a improved training
shifting job market. Thus, it is important for for changing job
colleges and employers to become better opportunities.
connected with each other, in order to provide
105) The authoritative strategy of classroom comparison, and
management encourages students to be have poor
independent thinkers and doers, but still communication
involves effective monitoring. Authoritative skills. The
teachers engage students in considerable permissive strategy
verbal give and take and show a caring of classroom
attitude toward them. However, they still management offers
declare limits when necessary. Teachers students
clarify rules and regulations, establishing considerable
these standards with input from students. An autonomy but
authoritative strategy will help students provides them with
become active, self-regulated learners. little support for
In contrast with this learning style are two developing learning
ineffective strategies: authoritarian and skills or managing
permissive. The authoritarian strategy of their behavior.
classroom management is restrictive and Students in
punitive. The focus is mainly on keeping order permissive
in the classroom rather than on instruction and classrooms tend to
learning. Authoritarian teachers place firm have inadequate
limits and controls on students and have little academic skills and
verbal exchange with them. Students of these low self-control.
teachers tend to be passive learners, fail to
initiate activities, express anxiety about social
106) Researchers have found that family grades and self-
management practices are related positively to responsibility, and
Version 1 63
negatively to school-related problems. A school than in
particularly important family management elementary school.
practice important is maintaining a structured Teachers list
and organized family environment, which parental
includes establishing routines for homework, involvement as the
chores, and bedtime. Creating a family number one priority
environment in which high expectations for in improving
achievement are present is also important. education.
Parental involvement is even less in secondary
107) Significant numbers of students are bullying and
victimized by bullies. Bullying is defined as cyberbullying.
verbal or physical behavior intended to disturb Cyberbullying is
someone less powerful. Boys and younger more strongly
middle-school students were most likely to be associated with
affected. Children who said they were bullied suicidal ideation
reported more loneliness and difficulty of than traditional
making friends, whereas those who did the bullying. Research
bullyng were more likely to have low grades shows that
and to smoke and to drink alcohol. cyberbullying
Researchers have found that anxious, socially occurs twice as
withdrawn, and aggressive children are often much as traditional
the victims of bullying. A recent study bullying and that
indicated that bullies and their victims in those who engaged
adolescence were more likely to experience in cyberbullying
depression, engage in suicidal ideation, and were often likely to
attempt suicide than were their counterparts also have engaged
who were not involved in bullying. Bullies in traditional
and victims both have more health problems bullying.
than their counterparts who are not involved in
bullying. An increasing concern is peer
Version 1 64
108) Extracurricular activities include such single
diverse activities as sports, honor societies, extracurricular
band, drama club, and various academic clubs. activity. In addition,
Researchers have found that participation in the more years that
extracurricular activities is linked to higher adolescents spend in
grades, school engagement, less likelihood of extracurricular
dropping out of school, improved probability activities, the
of going to college, higher self-esteem, and stronger the link
lower rates of depression, delinquency, and with positive
substance abuse. Adolescents benefit more developmental
from engaging in a breadth of extracurricular outcomes.
activities than they do when they focus on a
109) Many adolescents in poverty face students going to
problems that present barriers to their college. They are
learning. They might have parents who don't also more likely to
set high educational standards for them, who have young teachers
are incapable of reading to them, or who don't with less experience
have enough money to pay for educational who encourage rote
materials and experiences, such as books and learning. The school
school trips. In addition, they might be environments may
malnourished and live in areas where crime be less than optimal,
and violence are a way of life. Schools in low- with old buildings
income areas are more likely than schools in and classrooms in
higher-income locations to have more students need of
with low achievement test scores, low refurbishing.
graduation rates, and small percentages of
110) Turn the class into a jigsaw classroom, in which each
one in which students from different cultural contribute a
backgrounds are placed in a cooperative group different part of a
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project in order for the group to reach a about cultural
common goal. Encourage students to have a issues. Reduce bias.
positive personal contact with diverse other View the school and
students. Encourage students to engage in community as a
perspective taking. This helps students to team. Be a
"step into the shoes" of peers who are competent cultural
culturally different and feel what it is like to mediator.
be treated in fair or unfair ways. Help students
think critically and be emotionally intelligent
111) An adolescent with a learning disability Research indicates
has difficulty in learning that involves that it is unlikely
understanding or using spoken or written that learning
language; the difficulty can appear in disabilities reside in
listening, thinking, reading, writing, spelling, a single, specific
or math. To be classified as a learning brain location. More
disability, the learning problem is not likely, learning
primarily the result of visual, hearing, or disabilities are due
motor disabilities; intellectual disability; to problems with
emotional disorders; or environmental, integrating
cultural, or socioeconomic disadvantage. information from
About three times as many boys as girls are multiple brain
classified as having a learning disability. Boys regions or to subtle
are more likely to be referred by teachers for impairments in
treatment because of their behavior. brain structures and
Approximately 80 percent of students with a functions.
learning disability have a reading problem.
112) ADHD is a disability in which children inattention,
and adolescents consistently show, over time, hyperactivity, and
one or more of the characteristics of impulsivity. The
Version 1 66
number of children and adolescents diagnosed and behavior
and treated for ADHD has increased management
dramatically. The disorder occurs as much as improves the
four to nine times more in boys than in girls. behavior of children
Stimulant medication, such as Ritalin and with ADHD better
Adderall, is effective in improving the than medication
attention of many children with ADHD. alone or behavior
However, researchers have found that a management alone.
combination of medication, such as Ritalin,
113) Until the 1970s, most public schools tailored for children
either refused enrollment to children and and adolescents
adolescents with disabilities or served them with a disability.
inadequately. In 1975, Public Law 94-142, the The least restrictive
Education of All Handicapped Children Act, environment is a
required that all students with disabilities be setting that is as
given a free, appropriate public education. In similar as possible
1990, Public Law 94-142 was recast as the to the one in which
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act children and
(IDEA). IDEA was amended in 1997 and then adolescents who do
reauthorized in 2004, when it was renamed the not have a disability
Individuals with Disabilities Education are educated. Many
Improvement Act. legal changes
IDEA spells out broad mandates for services regarding children
to all children and adolescents with and adolescents
disabilities. These include evaluation and with disabilities
eligibility determination, appropriate have been
education, an individualized education plan extremely positive.
(IEP), and education in the least restrictive Compared with
environment. The IEP is a written statement several decades ago,
that spells out a program that is specifically far more students
Version 1 67
today are receiving competent, specialized supplemental
services. For many students, inclusion in the services, is
regular classroom, with modifications or appropriate.
114) Ellen Winner, an expert on giftedness, giftedness.
describes three characteristics of adolescents •A passion to
who are gifted. master:
Adolescents who
•Precocity: Children and adolescents who are are gifted are driven
gifted are precocious when given the to understand the
opportunity to use their gift or talent. They domain in which
begin to master an area earlier than their peers they have a high
do. Learning in their domain is more effortless ability. They display
for them than it is for adolescents who are not an intense,
gifted. obsessive interest
•Marching to their own drummer: and a high ability to
Adolescents who are gifted learn in a way that focus. They do not
is qualitatively different from that of their need to be pushed
nongifted counterparts. They need minimal by their parents.
help from adults to learn. Often, in fact, they They frequently
resist explicit instruction. They make have a high degree
discoveries on their own and find unique of internal
solutions to problems within their area of motivation.
Version 1 68

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Student name:__________

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

2) Which of the following statements regarding the

null : APA: 1.3 Describe

4) An important goal in the direct instruction approach to

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

5) Which of the following statements regarding the direct

null : APA: 1.3 Describe

7) One of the criticisms of the direct instruction approach

8) Jamie has a reading disability. Which of the following

null : APA: 1.3 Describe

10) No Child Left Behind places responsibility for student

null : APA: 1.2 Develop a

11) Which topic does the No Child Left Behind legislation

12) The Common Core State Standards Initiative

13) Which of the following is a criticism of No Child Left

14) Some experts in the area of adolescent giftedness underperforming students

describe their education.

16) If adolescents are to be adequately prepared for that students become

17) The transition to middle school or junior high school

select their courses.

18) The top-dog phenomenon occurs when

19) Turning Points 2000 continues to endorse the recommendation for

20) Employers expect employees to have all of the

21) In suggesting ways to improve schools, the National

22) Being a high school dropout increases the likelihood

24) Which of the following statements regarding school

do so for personal reasons.

Learning Goal : Discuss

25) Mrs. Grundy, a superintendent of schools, wants to

null : APA: 1.3 Describe

26) Talent Search, a high school dropout prevention

27) The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds

28) The "I Have A Dream" Program is designed to

29) Which of the following statements about the transition

their male counterparts to

Learning Goal : Discuss

31) The reason most frequently given for stress and

32) How much more money can a college graduate expect

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

33) American colleges are criticized because

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

34) Which of the following statements regarding the social

35) Two effective general strategies for creating positive

36) Mr. Delaney encourages his students to be

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

37) Students in authoritarian classrooms often develop

38) Students in permissive strategy classrooms have all of

39) Mrs. Chen has been given an award by her school

null : APA: 1.3 Describe

41) Which of the following statements regarding

B) Secondary-school students demand elaborate

43) Ross's parents have routines for meals, chores,

null : Bloom's Taxonomy:

44) Which one of the following is NOT recommended in

45) Which of the following statements regarding parental

Learning Goal : Explain how the

47) Which of the following students is most likely to be a

48) What developmental outcomes have been associated

49) How might parents indirectly affect the likelihood of

50) What role do peers play in bullying?