Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceptions towards COVID 19 Vaccine of Junior High Schools

Students in Misamis University Ozamiz City

Ligan, A., Briones, J.C.M., Samoranos, J., Vega, I.M., Sagario, A.

 ABSTRACT

Monitoring public confidence and hesitancy in vaccines is crucial for local government units (LGUs) to
roll out COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19 vaccines that are effective and safe have been developed at an
unprecedented rate to control the virus's spread and prevent hospitalizations and deaths. To achieve the
gradual opening of schools and resumption of in-person classes, a significant portion of the population are
inoculated to attain herd immunity and to stop wider spread of the disease. This study assessed the level
of knowledge, attitude, and perception of junior high school students towards COVID-19 vaccine in
Misamis University in Ozamiz City. This study utilized a descriptive correlational design. The study were
conducted in Junior High School of Misamis University. The respondents are Junior High School
students, which were selected through stratified random sampling. A total of 166 respondents (n = 166)
participated in this study. 24 students were from Grade 7 , 45 were students from Grade 8, 44 students
were from Grade 9, and 53 students were from Grade 10. The number of respondents is determined using
the slovin’s formula. The collected data was then analyzed using descriptive statistics. The overall mean
score of the respondents’ knowledge was 4.49. (SD = 0.75, range: 1–5) denoting a high level of
knowledge. Individuals who demonstrated a high level of knowledge about the disease, its symptoms, and
modes of transmission were more likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19. the overall mean of junior
high students' attitudes toward the COVID 19 vaccine is 4.48 with a standard deviation of 0.76. The
indicator with the highest mean of 4.61, which can be orally translated as "Strongly agree," or the
respondents fully agree in which it also explains positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccine. The
perception of the COVID-19 vaccination with an overall mean of 3.23 and standard deviation of 0.94,
which is translated verbally as Neutral and interpreted as Agree. To estimate association within groups
with mean scores for knowledge, perception, and attitude, a chi-square test was performed. . Our findings
showed that a significant difference existed in the level of knowledge between the gender (p value = 0.54)
and age variable (p value = 0.046). However, no significant difference observed between the level of
knowledge and grade level variable. A significant difference existed in the level of attitude only in the age
variable (p value= 0.49). The results also showed that no significant difference was observed between the
gender and grade level variable. Whereas no significant difference existed in the level of perception
within the gender (p value= .957), age (p value= .203), & grade level (p value= .590). For future
researchers who partakes on a similar field of study, the researchers can highly recommend the data
presented by this research as it will serve as basis for their study. Furthermore, the researchers advise
using different variables not included in this study that may influence students' knowledge, attitude, and
perception of vaccines.

Keywords: immunity, pandemic, vaccination, vaccine hesitancy, public health

Chapter I. Introduction

Background of the Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed an enormous burden globally and locally by
disrupting not only health services but social and economic systems. As per the World Health
Organization (WHO) report for COVID-19 on 6 March 2021, there were 115,653,459 confirmed
cases of COVID-19, including 2,571,823 deaths globally (Coronavirus, W. H. O. (2021). More
than two years have passed since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) pandemic started. COVID-19 has affected many aspects of people’s lives. More than
308 million people have been affected by the virus according to a WHO report. The novel
coronavirus that originated in Wuhan, China, in 2019 did not belong to the previous
coronaviruses group associated with humans, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The coronavirus disease caused by SARS-
CoV-2 has been triggered by inhaling contaminated droplets containing viral particles.
Transmission has been thought to occur when people breathe in air contaminated with airborne
particles. People who live in proximity are at risk of contracting the disease, resulting in reported
cases of fever, cough, and sore throat, shortness of breath, and pneumonia. Several SARS-CoV-2
variants have started to appear recently, such as the Omicron, which is more transmissible but
causes milder symptoms compared to previous variants (Lewnard, et al., 2021).
Historically, the Philippines was among the countries with high vaccine confidence.
However, following the dengue vaccine controversy in 2017, confidence levels plummeted,
affecting subsequent vaccination efforts, including the COVID-19 vaccination campaign.
Dengvaxia, the world's first commercially available dengue vaccine developed by Sanofi
Pasteur, was introduced as part of a national school-based immunization program despite a lack
of empirical data on the risks associated with administering the vaccine to children who had
never been infected with dengue or who were seronegative. By the time reports surfaced that the
vaccine could cause more severe disease in seronegatives, the Philippines had already
immunized over 800,000 Filipino school-age children (Dayrit, Manuel M. et., al 2020). This was
highly politicized, and it harmed public trust in vaccines and the health-care system (Larson,
Heidi J., et., al 2019). As a result, immunization rates fell and outbreaks of previously controlled
vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles and polio occurred (Snider, Cynthia J., et al 2022).
Aside from vaccine hesitancy, the Philippine health system is unprepared to meet additional
healthcare demands. Critical care capacity in hospitals was overwhelmed by the influx of
patients as early as the first phase of the pandemic (Amit, Arianna Maever L., 2021). Globally,
42.9% of the world population have received one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, with much lower
rates in LMICs like the Philippines. Only 55% of Filipinos have expressed willingness to be
vaccinated against COVID-19, and as of 16 September 2021, only 30% of the population have
been fully vaccinated (Amit, Arianna Maever L., 2021).

The COVID 19 disease has become a significant health and humanitarian challenge of
the twenty-first century (Duarte, et al., 2020). Countries have tightened air travel restrictions and
barred citizens from entering places with a high incidence of COVID-19. In conjunction with the
Department of Health, the Philippine government carried out an information dissemination
campaign in the hope of educating people about infectious diseases. Health experts stress the
significance of health education in promoting appropriate behaviors against combating the virus.
At present, no established treatment against the disease is available (Jean, Lee, & Hsueh, 2020).
Non-pharmaceutical interventions are the only available methods of controlling the disease.
Measures intended to curb the pandemic included travel bans, lockdowns, and social distancing.
Mask wearing and personal hygiene practices are the most common and effective precautions.
However, maintaining these actions is not enough to confer herd immunity. It must be done
alongside vaccine programs to ensure a complete reduction in the incidence and deaths related to
COVID-19(Patel, 2021).

Herd immunity through vaccination is by far the most effective eradication method
(Randolph & Barreiro, 2020 ). The success of this method depends not only on the vaccine’s
efficacy against the virus but also on its acceptance in the population (Streefland, Chowdhury , &
Ramos-Jimenez, 1999). Several key factors behind hesitation on vaccines, according to studies,
include fear or mistrust, underestimation of the value of the vaccine, and lack of accessibility to
the vaccine (Lasco, David, & Yu, 2021). As in other viral epidemic diseases in the past,
knowledge, attitude, and perceptions influence the willingness to receive a vaccine and the
reasons for willingness or unwillingness. Recent studies have not been robust enough to further
analyze and assess these multiple factors in people ages 13 to 16, particularly among Junior high
school students. Only studies of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy have focused on adults, with very
few reports on children and adolescents (Fazel, 2021).Thus, this study will be undertaken to
satisfy the need for data from this age group.

Research Objectives

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of junior high school
students regarding COVID-19 vaccine in Misamis University Ozamiz City. Specifically, it aimed
to:
1. Determine the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. gender
b. age
c. grade level
2. Determine the level of knowledge, attitude & perception on COVID-19.
3. Determine the significant difference of the knowledge, attitude, and perception of the
respondents when grouped by profile.

Significance of the Study:

The Department of Health, the City of Ozamiz, hospital administrators, health

professionals, school administration, students and future researchers will all benefit from this
study. The Department of Health, the Philippines' national health agency, may use the findings of
this study to improve their vaccination campaign. The city of Ozamiz, the information obtained
from this study can assist in implementing policy changes and assist public health experts in
developing a conceptual framework and educational campaign to raise general population
awareness and achieve herd immunity. Hospital administrators, for the hospital administrator
both from the public and private hospitals, this study can help to further determine and develop
effective interventions to raise awareness in general population and at the same time providing
quality health care services that the community needs specifically the youth. Health
professionals, the most important source of vaccination information for the public was identified
as health professionals. This will help to promote vaccination and build trust between the public
and health officials leading to better control of the pandemic. School administration, school
administration including faculty and staff are key individuals that help disseminate information
about COVID 19 vaccine to its students. This study can help provide them with information as a
basis for future improvements in health information dissemination. Students, this study will
access the level of knowledge of students regarding COVID 19 vaccine and the disease. The
information that may be obtained from this study may provide insights for researchers who
would like to perform similar studies in the future. Researchers, for future researchers, this study
can be used as reference material in conducting new research and in generating new information.
Scope and Limitations

This study focuses only on the Knowledge, Attitude and Perceptions of Junior High
Schools Students in Misamis University Ozamiz City towards COVID 19 Vaccine. This study
was conducted through online platforms, specifically google forms. We used stratified sampling
technique as our sampling method. Since most respondents were only Junior High schools’
students of Misamis University, the distribution of respondents may not reflect the actual
population.

Chapter II. Materials and Methods

Research Design
This study utilized a quantitative approach. Specifically, a descriptive method of research
will be followed. The purpose of descriptive research is to describe a population, situation, or
phenomenon accurately and systematically. A descriptive research design can use a wide variety
of research methods to investigate one or more variables (McCombes, 2020).This methodology
was accomplished through a web-based survey questionnaire completed by the Junior High
School students as provided through online platform. This design was chosen to meet the
objectives of the study, namely, to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and perception regarding
COVID-19 vaccine among Junior high school students of Misamis University Ozamiz City.

Research Setting
The study was conducted in Basic Education Department of Misamis University Ozamiz City.
Misamis University is a privately owned, non-sectarian, non-profit educational founded by the
Feliciano family in 1929. Misamis University is the only autonomous university granted by the
Commission on Higher Education in Northwestern Mindanao, granted by the COD by CHED for
Criminology, Information Technology and teacher Education, and awarded by PACUCOA as the
greatest number of Accredited Programs in Region X.
Research Respondents
The respondents of this study were the Junior High School students of Misamis
University in the school year 2021-2022. Using slovin’s formula, 24 students from Grade 7 , 45
students from Grade 8, 44 students from Grade 9, and 53 students from Grade 10 with a total of
166 students were all selected from 284 junior high school students of Misamis University
school year 2021-2022. Slovin’s formula was used to calculate the sample size having a
confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 0.05. Using stratified sampling technique, these
respondents were divided based on population percentage.

Research Instrument
The data was collected using a structured online-based survey questionnaire on junior
high school students' knowledge, attitude, and perception of the COVID-19 vaccine. The
questionnaire was adapted and modified from different published related literatures. It consists of
2 parts. The first part is composed of the demographic profile, and it includes 3 demographic
variables: gender, age, grade level, and information sources. The second part covers the (1)
knowledge toward COVID-19 vaccine, (2) assessing the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine, (3)
perception towards COVID-19 vaccine. The questionnaire was slightly modified to fit the
purpose of the study, which is to assess the junior high school student’s overall knowledge,
perception, and attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccine.

The Knowledge toward COVID-19 questionnaire was adapted from Abdelkrimet al.
(2021). The knowledge part comprised of 10 questions assessing the respondent’s knowledge
related to COVID-19 based on a five-point Likert-type scale to measure the level of knowledge
as follows: (always true, usually true, neutral, rarely true and never true).
A.
Scale Range Responses Interpretation
5 4.21 – 5.0 Always True Very Highly Knowledgeable
4 3.41 – 4.20 Usually, True High Knowledgeable
3 2.61 – 3.40 Neutral Knowledgeable
2 1.81 – 2.60 Rarely True Less Knowledgeable
1 1.0 – 1.80 Never True Least Knowledgeable

The questionnaire for the Attitude toward COVID 19 vaccine was adapted from
Jegathambigai Rameshwar Naidu, et al. (2021). The attitude part consisted of 6 questions. Five-
point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree) was used. The
Likert scale for the attitude part is explain as follows:
B.
Scale Range Responses Interpretation
5 4.21 – 5.0 Strongly Agree Very High Attitude
4 3.41 – 4.20 Agree High Attitude
3 2.61 – 3.40 Neutral Neutral
2 1.81 – 2.60 Disagree Low Attitude
 1 1.0 – 1.80 Strongly Disagree Very Low Attitude

The questionnaire for the Perception toward COVID-19 vaccine was adapted from
Mohamed, et al. Five-point Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly
disagree) was also used. The Likert scale for the perception part is explained as follows:

Scale Range Responses Interpretation

5 4.21 – 5.0 Strongly Agree Excellent Perception
4 3.41 – 4.20 Agree Very Good Perception
3 2.61 – 3.40 Neutral Good Perception
2 1.81 – 2.60 Disagree Poor Perception
1 1.0 – 1.80 Strongly Disagree Very Poor Perception

Data Gathering Procedure

First, the researcher adapted a questionnaire from 3 published literatures. Researchers
conducted the survey through using online platform survey to gather information which are used
in the study, the data collection started from May 2022 after receiving the permission to conduct
the study. We, the researchers, ensured that the participants are present in their homes when
administering the questionnaire and will follow safety protocols. Through the link, the
participants can view the questions simply by clicking on it and answer. The questionnaire's
cover page includes a brief introduction to the objectives, procedures, the voluntary nature of
participation, and the confidentiality and anonymity declarations. Participants are given time to
respond to the questions. The inclusion criteria apply to junior high school students who are
enrolled in Misamis University. The questionnaire was answered by 166 participants
anonymously. The data gathered from this instrument are tallied and computed for interpretation
according to the frequency of items answered by the participants.
Ethical Considerations
This research study promoted and observed proper conduct. The researchers included
obligations to show honesty and integrity throughout the whole study. There are no known or
anticipated risks associated with participation in this study. They will receive no reimbursement
for their participation. All the details of the respondent’s answers and their identity will be kept
under the one ethical principle and that is confidentiality to protect confidential communications
and personal information of the respondents. The decision whether to participate will not affect
the current of future relations with Misamis University.
Statistical Analysis
All data were entered into the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and then loaded and coded
into the SPSS version 23 software for final analysis. Simple descriptive analyses, including
frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation (SD) were computed for demographic
characteristics, the knowledge scores regarding COVID-19 vaccine, the attitude scores regarding
COVID-19 vaccine and the perception scores regarding COVID-19 vaccine. Chi-square is used
for the significant difference level between the demographic profiles of junior high school
students and their knowledge, attitude, and perceptions towards COVID-19 vaccine.
Chapter III. Results and Discussions
This chapter contains the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the data collected through
social media platforms. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. As a result, the
data are presented in the order in which the problems in this study were addressed.

Respondent’s Profile
Demographics of the population of junior high-level students are illustrated in table 1.
Age, grade year level, and gender are articulated in Table 1. All these were categorical variables
to facilitate statistical analysis in the form of frequencies and percentages to be performed . In all,
166 participants completed the survey. Both males 58.4% (n = 96) and females 41.6% (n = 70)
participated in the study. Most of the respondents were from the age group 15-17 years.

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the respondents (n = 166)

Demographics Frequency (N) Percentages (%)

12-14 57 34.3
Age 15-17 107 64.5
18-20 2 1.2
Female 96 58.4
Gender
Male 70 41.6
Grade 7 24 14.5
Grade 8 45 27.1
Grade Level
Grade 9 44 26.5
Grade 10 53 31.9
Note: number of participants (n); percentages (%) n = 166
3.2 Student’s Knowledge about COVID-19 Disease
Table 2. Level of knowledge about COVID-19 Disease

Questions Mean
1. Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that
4.51
may cause disease in animals and humans?
2. The new corona disease is an infectious disease
4.57
discovered in the Chinese city of Wuhan?
3. The symptoms of coronavirus disease are fatigue,
4.59
dry cough, and fever?
4. Coronavirus transmission occurs through direct
contact with droplets dispersed from an infected
4.74
person, touching contaminated surfaces, and then
touching the eyes, nose, and mouth?
5. The incubation period of coronavirus disease
4.53
ranges from one to fourteen days?
6. The elderly and people with high blood pressure,
heart disease, lung disease, cancer, or diabetes 4.52
are more likely to develop severe complications?
7. There is currently no definite treatment that can
2.48
prevent or treat the new coronavirus disease?
8. Isolating infected people is one of the effective
4.69
ways to reduce the spread of the virus?
9. Avoiding going to crowded places is an effective
4.73
way to reduce the spread of the disease?
10. The new coronavirus disease may lead to death? 4.51
Overall Mean 4.49
Standard Deviation 0.75
Interpretation Very High Knowledge

Table 2 presents the responses of the students regarding their knowledge on Covid 19
disease in terms of its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and transmission. The data showed that
they have very high knowledge wherein Coronavirus transmission occurs through direct contact
with droplets dispersed from an infected person, touching contaminated surfaces, and then
touching the eyes, nose, and mouth with the highest average weighted mean of 4.74 percent. On
the other hand, there is currently no definite treatment that can prevent or treat the new
coronavirus disease got the lowest average weighted mean of 2.48 percent.
The data implied that most of the respondents are highly knowledgeable regarding
Covid 19 disease
3.3 Attitude of Students towards COVID-19 Vaccination
Table 3. Level of attitude about COVID-19 Vaccine

Questions Mean
1. The currently available COVID-19 vaccines are
4.42
safe.
2. All adults should take COVID-19 vaccine. 4.54
3. I am willing to take the second dose of COVID-
4.61
19 vaccine.
4. I will also encourage my
4.49
family/friends/relatives to get vaccinated.
5. The chances of getting COVID-19 will be low
4.31
with vaccination.
6. I am satisfied with COVID-19 vaccine program
4.48
at our city.
Overall Mean 4.48
Standard Deviation 0.76
Interpretation Very High Attitude

Table 3 presents the responses of Students in terms in the level of attitude towards COVID-19
vaccine. The data revealed that most of the respondents are willing to take the second dose of COVID-19
vaccine with an average weighted mean of 4.61 percent. Meanwhile, the chances of getting COVID-19
will be low with vaccination got the lowest average weighted mean of 4.31. However, the data showed
that respondents has very high attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine with an overall mean of 4.48 percent.
The data shows that most of the respondents are willing to take

3.4 Perception of Students towards COVID-19 Vaccination

The perception of the COVID-19 vaccination is shown in Table 6 with an overall mean of 3.23 and
standard deviation of 0.94, which is translated verbally as Neutral and interpreted as Agree. The COVID-
19 vaccination may lead to a normal lifestyle is the indicator with the highest mean (3.83), which is
translated orally as Agree. This suggests that the respondents are informed and have a favorable opinion
of the COVID-19 vaccine because they are convinced of its efficacy and safety. Vaccination programs
could impact vaccinated individuals’ lifestyle, attitude, and behavior because of the protection they
received. Vaccinated individuals may begin to interact with more people and be exposed to situations
where non-vaccinated individuals are more likely to become infected. (Md. Emran Hossain, et.al. 2022 ).
Additionally, it has been demonstrated that attitudes toward vaccines and their safety are important
factors that affect vaccine reluctance. Since most junior high students receive the vaccine without having
any second thoughts, it may be inferred that their perception of the vaccination is positive. The remaining
4 of the 5 indications—which have verbal interpretations of Neutral and a mean of 3.24, 3.54, 2.62, and
2.94—are, however, out of the 5 indicators. This suggests that the respondents were rather unbiased in
their selections and viewpoints regarding the perception of the COVID 19 vaccine. Our respondents
perceived barriers to accepting the COVID-19 vaccine because of its side effects, vaccine availability,
and scary vaccine information on social media. Most people believed that vaccination could protect them.
 They and others were protected from COVID-19 infection. This is consistent with other countries'
findings (Lin, Yulan, et al. 2020). Furthermore, respondents believed that the vaccine was beneficial due
to respective health organization including the DOH recommendations and the fact that they could live a
normal life after vaccination. In contrast, more research is needed to assess vaccines' ability to prevent
disease transmission. After receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, people should continue to wear masks,
wash their hands frequently, and practice physical separation until herd immunity is achieved
(Coronavirus, W. H. O. (2021). Perceived susceptibility, benefit, and cues to action are associated with
higher acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, and our findings are consistent with previous research.
Table 4. Level of perception about COVID-19 Vaccine

Questions Mean
1. COVID-19 vaccine may cause infection 2.94
2. COVID-19 vaccine may not be effective 2.62
3. Scary information about COVID-19 vaccines is
3.54
rampant on social media
4. It will be difficult to get vaccine from nearby
3.24
clinic due to high demand
5. After vaccination, I can lead a normal lifestyle 3.83
Overall Mean 3.23
Standard Deviation 0.94
Interpretation Good Perception

3.5. Significant Difference of Knowledge, Perception, and Attitude toward Gender, Age and
Grade Level Variables
To estimate association within groups with mean scores for knowledge, perception, and
attitude, a chi-square test was performed. Respondent’s knowledge, attitudes and perceptions
were scored using a 5-point Likert scale, summarized in Table 7.

Knowledge Attitude Perception

Pearson Pearson Pearson
Degrees Asymp Degrees Asymp Degrees Asymp
Chi- Chi- Chi-
of . Sig. of . Sig. of . Sig.
Variables Square Square Square
freedom (2- freedom (2- freedom (2-
(X2) (X2) (X2)
(df) tailed) (df) tailed) (df) tailed)
value value value
Gender 3.715 1 .054 * 1.387 1 .239 .003 1 .957

Age 6.179 2 .046 * 6.030 2 .049 * 3.188 2 .203

Grade Level 1.982 3 .576 .782 3 .854 1.915 3 .590

Table 5. Association of knowledge, attitude, and perception within the three categorical
variables
*p < 0.05

As shown in Table 6. A significant difference existed in the level of knowledge between

the gender (p value = 0.54) and age variable (p value = 0.046). However, no significant
difference observed between the level of knowledge and grade level variable.
Table 6. Association of knowledge within the three categorical variables.

Pearson Chi-Square Degrees of freedom Asymp. Sig. (2-

Question (Knowledge)
(X2) value (df) tailed)

Gender 3.715 1 .054 *

Age 6.179 2 .046 *

Grade Level 1.982 3 .576

*p < 0.05
 The results suggest that there is a borderline statistically significant association between knowledge
and gender, since the p-value for gender is 0.054, which is slightly higher than the commonly used
significance level of 0.05. There is also a statistically significant association between knowledge and
age, since the p-value for age is less than 0.05. However, there is no statistically significant
association between knowledge and grade level, since the p-value for grade level is greater than 0.05.
This means that there is some evidence to suggest that there may be a relationship between
knowledge and gender, as well as a relationship between knowledge and age, but no evidence to
suggest that grade level is related to knowledge.

As shown in Table 7. A significant difference existed in the level of attitude only in the
age variable (p value= 0.49). The results also showed that no significant difference was observed
between the gender and grade level variable.

Table 7. Association of attitude within the three categorical variables.

Pearson Chi-Square Degrees of freedom Asymp. Sig. (2-

Question (Attitude)
(X2) value (df) tailed)

Gender 1.387 1 .239

Age 6.030 2 .049 *

Grade Level .782 3 .854

*p < 0.05
 The results suggest that there is no statistically significant association between attitude and gender or
grade level, since the p-values for these variables are greater than the commonly used significance
level of 0.05. However, there is a statistically significant association between attitude and age, since
the p-value for age is less than 0.05. This means that there is evidence to suggest that there may be a
 relationship between age and attitude, but no evidence to suggest that gender or grade level are
related to attitude.

As shown in Table 8. It indicates that no significant difference existed in the level of

perception within the gender (p value= .957), age (p value= .203), & grade level (p value= .590).
Table 8. Association of perception within the three categorical variables.
Pearson Chi-Square Degrees of freedom Asymp. Sig. (2-
Question (Perception)
(X2) value (df) tailed)

Gender .003 1 .957

Age 3.188 2 .203

Grade Level 1.915 3 .590

*p < 0.05
 The results suggest that there is a statistically significant association between perception and age,
since the p-value for age is less than 0.05. This means that there is evidence to suggest that there may
be a relationship between age and perception. However, there is no statistically significant
association between perception and gender or grade level, since the p-values for these variables are
greater than the commonly used significance level of 0.05. This means that there is no evidence to
suggest that gender or grade level are related to perception.
Conclusion
In summary, the findings of our study suggest that the Junior High School students are highly
knowledgeable about COVID-19 Vaccines basing on their assessments in answering the online
survey forms. Different opinion lies among each gender regarding the knowledge, attitude, and
perception of COVID-19 Vaccines. There are still hesitant, but a high percentage of student
showed favorable outcomes pushing for the Covid 19 vaccines to use to the people as they are
confident in getting vaccinated. Precautions and safety guidelines are still to be followed. The
education and health programs have aimed at improving the knowledge of the general population
about COVID-19, and they are maintaining safe practices and optimism in people's attitudes.
Recommendation
For future researchers who partakes in a similar field of study, the researchers can highly
recommend the data presented by this research as it will serve as basis for their study.
Furthermore, the researchers advise using different variables not included in this study that may
influence students' knowledge, attitude, and perception of vaccines.
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Appendices

Misamis University
Ozamiz City
College of Medical Technology
CERTIFIED: ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System DNV GL, Australia
ACCREDITED: Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA)

March 4, 2022

Greetings from Misamis University College of Medical Technology.

The BS in Medical Technology curriculum requires students to enroll Research subject. This
second semester of school year 2020 – 2021, we are enrolled in the subject and its requirement
to complete the course is to produce a complete research paper. Thus, we seek your kind heart
for assistance in this endeavor.

In this regard, we humbly request your good office to allow us to conduct our research study to
Junior High School students as our respondents. The aim of the research is to further study the
Knowledge, Attitude and Perception towards COVID 19 Vaccine amongst Junior High School
students. Rest assured that any data and information collected will be for academic purposes
only. When it will be used for external purposes other than this study, the researchers will take
accountability in asking permission and protecting any sensitive data.

Thank you and GOD bless.

Very respectfully yours,

Aldrin Ligan Jane Claydel Marie Briones
JeazelSamoranos Icel Mark Vega
Alondra Sagario

Noted by: Noted by:

EMILY D. ELUMBARING – CADELINIA, M.S. MRS. EVANGELINE M. SENEDO

Research Instructor Dean, College of Medical Technology

MISAMIS UNIVERSITY
Ozamiz City
College of Medical Technology

Part I. Demographic characteristics

Full Name: ________________________________ (optional) Age: _____

Grade level: ______

Gender: Male Female

Religion: ____________

Indicators Yes No Don’t Know

1. Has anyone in your family or of your colleagues or friends had

COVID-19?
2. Have you been tested for COVID-19?

3. If “yes”, were you positive?

4. Do you have any chronic diseases?

5. Have you received COVID 19 vaccine?

Part II. Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception toward COVID 19- Vaccine
Directions:Please take time to read the questions carefully and answer all questions as honestly as youcan.
Please put check [/] on the appropriate boxes with your preferred answer. Please do not leave any items
unanswered. Answer based ONLY on your PERSONAL PREFERENCE DURING the COVID-
19Pandemic
Always true (5 points) Usually true (4 points)
Neutral (3 points) Rarely true (2 points)
Never True (1 point)

5 4 2 1
3
Indicators Always Usually Rarely Never
Neutral
true true True True

Section A. (Knowledge: Level of knowledge on COVID-19 symptoms,

diagnosis, treatment and transmission)

1. Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that

may cause disease in animals and humans?
2. The new corona disease is an infectious disease
discovered in the Chinese city of Wuhan?
3. The symptoms of coronavirus disease are
fatigue, dry cough, and fever?
4. Coronavirus transmission occurs through direct
contact with droplets dispersed from an
 infected person, touching contaminated
surfaces, and then touching the eyes, nose, and
mouth?
5. The incubation period of coronavirus disease
ranges from one to fourteen days?
6. The elderly and people with high blood
pressure, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, or
diabetes are more likely to develop severe
complications?
7. There is currently no definite treatment that
can prevent or treat the new coronavirus
disease?
8. Isolating infected people is one of the effective
ways to reduce the spread of the virus?
9. Avoiding going to crowded places is an effective
way to reduce the spread of the disease?
10. The new coronavirus disease may lead to
death?
*Adapted from Abdelkrim, Mohammed, et al. (2021)

Strongly Disagree Strongly

Indicators Agree Neutral
Agree Agree

Section B. (Assessing the level of attitude towards covid 19 vaccine)

Vaccinated students

1. The currently available COVID-19 vaccines

are safe.
2. All adults should take COVID-19 vaccine.
3. I am willing to take the second dose of
COVID-19 vaccine.
4. I will also encourage my
family/friends/relatives to get vaccinated.
5. The chances of getting COVID-19 will be
low with vaccination.
6. I am satisfied with COVID-19 vaccine
program at our city.
*JegathambigaiRameshwar Naidu, et al. (2021)

Strongly Disagree Strongly

Indicators Agree Neutral
Agree Disagree

Section C. (Perception towards COVID-19 Vaccine) Vaccinated Students

1. COVID-19 vaccine may cause infection

 2. COVID-19 vaccine may not be effective
3. Scary information about COVID-19
vaccines is rampant on social media
4. It will be difficult to get vaccine from
nearby clinic due to high demand
5. After vaccination, I can lead a normal
lifestyle
 Adapted from Mohamed, NurulAzmawati, et al.