2S SOC 18 Research 1 Week 11 ComGPol A Revision of Chapter 1 3 Agas Beltra

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY NORTH LUZON
The National Center for Teacher Education

The Indigenous Peoples Education Hub
Alicia, Isabela
AYUDA: ITS SOCIO-POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS TO

ALICIANOS
A Research Proposal
Presented to
The Faculty of Philippine Normal University – North Luzon
Aurora, Alicia, Isabela
In partial fulfillment
of the requirement for
Research 1
Agas, Cristel Jane P.

Beltran, Princes Diana C.
Bumaon, Ana Marie T.
Calangan, Ace C.
Collado, Daisy Lyn B.
Lucena, Jocelyn N.
Mansibang, Kathleen Lou D.
Resurreccion, Lovely M.
III Bachelor in Social Science Education
April 2023
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CHAPTER 1
The Problem and its Background
1.1 Introduction
A good that is received conveniently at zero price is not a free good. These goods
impact the lives of people who received them in many aspects in return. From a world
lens, foreign aid, whether material or financial, is helpful in the development and
survival of countries during crises. As to people living in the country, they most
benefited from the implementation of these programs. Social assistance has been one
of the programs that channel through the citizens whether it is provided by the
government or non-governmental institutions.
According to Shahidi et al. (2019), one of the most important ways that
societies intervene to buffer the adverse consequences of socioeconomic disadvantage
is through the provision of social assistance. Social assistance refers to government
programs that provide a minimum level of income support to individuals and
households living in poverty. These programs lend support either through direct cash
transfers or through various in-kind benefits (e.g. food stamps and rent subsidies).
Social assistance has been shown to strengthen the purchasing power of the poor and
raise their material standards of living.
Aids or assistance can also be referred to as ayuda in the Philippines. Ayuda,
as defined by (Flores, 2022) is a Filipino word that means ‘aid’ or ‘assistance’. The
word has been used to pertain to forms of assistance, such as cash, food, and/or
materials that are distributed. It can be during the aftermath of a disaster or on
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programs that are being conducted. To understand how aid works, studying the
politics behind the aid should be considered.
Socio-political implications are the effects that social and political issues have
on individuals and society as a whole. These implications can either be positive or
negative, and can shape and affect the way people live their lives, make decisions, and
interact with each other. In the case of aid, the socio-political implications refer to
how the distribution of aid affects the social and political systems of the recipient
nation as well as the relationship between the donor and recipient nations. For aid to
be used efficiently and to reduce any potential negative effects, it is crucial to
understand the socio-political implications of aid.
According to stroke et.al (2012), government and non-government programs
provide residents with cash, jobs, loans, and a variety of other resources; elected
officials distribute benefits to preferred constituencies; and political parties distribute
anything from pamphlets to whiskey in order to get votes. Few people would disagree
with total political distribution, but almost everyone would disagree with some
aspects of it. However, other forms of political redistribution, such as giving contracts
to businesses with political ties or offering money in exchange for votes, are generally
despised. In actuality, although specific methods of political distribution are
unquestionably acceptable, others are criminally charged. Political decision-makers
decide how to distribute resources. When the continuation of these authorities
depends on their winning elections, their decisions are tied to political stances. The
methods of strategic distribution also differ greatly.
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Ayuda is often used to alleviate poverty, promote development, and help
humanitarian efforts. Nonetheless, ayuda can have both positive and negative social
implications. In the Philippines, ayuda can be in several forms, including social
assistance and initiatives aimed at assisting individuals, particularly the impoverished.
According to the Department of Social Welfare and Development, social safety
programs run by the Philippine government provide direct assistance to low-income
households. Low-income households may receive financial aid through a program for
conditional cash transfers. All families must enroll their children in school as a
condition of participation in the program. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(4Ps), one of the social protection programs in the Philippines, provides qualified low-
income families with conditional cash handouts. Section 4 of this act states that "The
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is the national poverty reduction strategy
and a human capital investment program that provides conditional cash transfer to
poor households for a maximum period of seven (7) years, improving the health,
nutrition, and educational aspects of their lives."
This study will look into the potential political implications of ayuda, as well
as its implications on people's social aspects. Thus, setbacks and other impacts will
also be explored in this study.
1.2 Conceptual Framework
This section shows the concepts regarding the study. The following concepts
will help the researchers to develop their research study and will serve as a basis in
conducting the study.
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Aid and assistance given to people can be associated with how they live and
survive in their lives, according to the social implications of Ayuda. The socio-
demographic profile of the participants also influences the provision of assistance.
According to Gozum et al. (2021), governments must respond to those who are
financially incapable. Additionally, he mentioned John Rawl’s difference principle
which argues that the least advantaged are the ones who are deprived of the basic
primary goods of society, thus they should be the priority.
On the political implication of Ayuda, people associate assistance and programs
with politics. Programs and policies including material assistance provide a
significant impact on the voting behavior of people during elections. In the study
regarding voter behavior in Indonesia, voters who are elderly and less educated prefer
candidates who provide material assistance (Satriadi et al., 2021). Another conclusion
drawn from the same paper, candidates who prioritize public interest in the programs
and policies created are preferred by the voters. The basis of people includes the
benefits of assistance given. Other factors such as whether the needs of the
community represent the platform of the candidates. Hence, ayuda has a significant
implication in politics when it comes to the voting behavior of people.
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Figure 1. The Research Paradigm
Above is a venn diagram showing the diagrammatic representation of the
conceptual framework of the study. There are three variables involved in this research
study, both the social and political implications are dependent variables, and ayuda is
independent. It illustrates the side of knowing the social implications of ayuda as it
may have a significant influence in addressing one or several components of social
challenges. On the other hand, the study also wants to know the political implications
of ayuda relating to some actions that directly impact and influence people’s decision-
making, policy-making, programs, and actions taken by political systems existing.
Hence the center of this study is to determine the socio-political implications of
Ayuda.
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1.3 Statement of the Problem
This study aims to answer the following questions:
1. What is the Profile of the electorates?
a. Age
b. Sex
c. Gender
d. Civil Status
e. Educational Attainment
f. Occupation
g. Monthly Income
h. Forms Ayuda received/agency or institution where it comes from: (in-kind,
financial, food, scholarships, others)
i. Ethnicity (Mother/Father)
2. What are the Social implications of Ayuda?
a) Daily life;
b) Employment; and
c) Social cleavage
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3. What are the Political implications of Ayuda?
a) Voting preference; and
b) Political atmosphere
4. What are the benefits and setbacks of Ayuda in society?
1.4 Significance of the Study
This study centered on explaining the socio-political implications of Ayuda to
Alicianos. Additionally, the results of this study will be advantageous to the
following:
Electorate. Provide them with awareness of the socio-political implication of
suffrage.
Public Officials. The result of the study will serve as an instrument for political
leaders to assess themselves and raise awareness about the implications of ayuda for
every voter. For making policies for better programs related to ayuda.
NGOs and Civic Societies. This will serve as a guide for the improvement of
services regarding the distribution of ayuda.
Citizenry. The study can raise awareness of the socio-political situation of the
community.
Future researchers. The basis for future researchers regarding but not limited to
socio-political aspects of ayuda.
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1.5 Scope and Delimitation
The intent of this study is to determine the socio-political implications of
Ayuda to Alicianos specifically in Barangay Salvacion, Alicia, Isabela. Out of the
1,924 total population of Barangay Salvacion, Alicia, Isabela, 12 voters will be used
as a sample in conducting the survey. This study limits its coverage to the registered
voters in the barangay and beneficiaries of social assistance. Its main purpose is to
identify the implication of Ayuda on the voting preferences of the participants.
This study will consider some aspects of the voter’s personal information that
has an impact on their voting preferences, such as their educational background,
income, age, and gender. Moreover, this study focuses on the currently registered
voters in Barangay Salvacion in the year 2022. The sociological aspect includes only
its impact on social cleavages, employment, and to their daily lives, while the political
aspects include their voting preference and their political atmosphere.
1.6. Definition of Terms
4P’s. The national government's human development measure, which improves 0–18-
year-old children's health, nutrition, and education, gives conditional cash payments
to the poorest of the poor.
Alicianos. The people residing at Alicia, Isabela.
Ayuda. These are financial, material, or food assistance to people coming from
governmental and non-governmental organizations.
Beneficiaries. A person who benefits or is helped by something.
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Clientelism. A social order that depends upon relations of patronage; in particular, a
political approach that emphasizes or exploits such relations.
Electorate. Registered voters at Barangay Salvacion, Alicia, Isabela.
Incumbent. As an adjective, "incumbent" can refer to someone who currently holds a
particular position, especially in politics or in a job. For example, if there is an
election coming up, the "incumbent" would be the person who is currently serving as
the elected official and seeking re-election.
Political. Relating to public affairs in politics.
Social Amelioration Program (SAP). It is the response of the Filipino government
to the COVID-19 outbreak. 18 million low-income households receive cash grants
from the program as financial support. Basic needs including food, medicine, and
transportation can be paid for with money.
Sociological. Human behavior is directed toward social needs and problems.
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CHAPTER 2
Review Of Related Literature
Social Implication of Ayuda
Social assistance can be used to counter the insecurity and vulnerability
experienced by people in the poverty threshold. In different research studies, poverty
becomes a center in analyzing the impact of social assistance. In the study conducted
by Habibov and Fan (2006), social assistance does not provide a significant impact in
eradicating poverty, this is because the beneficiaries receive only a small amount of
social assistance and these programs and policies were not designated to cater to the
reduction of poverty. In contrast, the study of Shepherd, Wadugodapitiya, and Evans
(2011), reveals that social assistance positively impacts the lives of the people, that is
because the recipients also play a part in improving their lives through seeking jobs. It
also concludes that social assistance interrupts the transmission of poverty due to
aiming for higher goals of the recipients. This means that both the type of social
assistance and the beneficiaries play a role in the improvement of their lives.
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a national government
initiative for human development that offers conditional cash handouts to the most
impoverished in order to enhance their health, nutrition, and educational status as well
as their general well-being. The beneficiaries of the program, according to Lluz
(2022), firmly believe that the program made their lives a little bit easier because it
exposed them to diverse activities like communal gardening through bio-intensive
gardening. The majority of agricultural inputs provided by the government are farm
machinery, seeds, and fertilizer. Thus, beneficiaries are actively receiving support
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from government programs and agencies. In addition to that, the 4Ps program's
implementation is strengthened and promoted by these kinds of activities.
The rapid spread of covid 19 affects not only public health but also the
financial and socioeconomic status of every Filipino individual. One of the key
initiatives taken by the government has been to assist low-income individuals who are
financially challenged as a result of the global pandemic. The Department of Social
Welfare and Development (DSWD) launched the Social Amelioration Program (SAP)
as part of the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act of 2020. According to Dianito et. al.,
(2022), the program's goal is to provide temporary help to the most vulnerable people,
such as those who have lost their jobs or had their income reduced. This program
helps low-income families to afford basic needs. However, Go & Aposlol (2020)
pointed out that high-income people received food subsidies, which, while technically
not mistargeting, represents an inefficient use of resources. They also noted that
various report households received multiple subsidies from various programs of the
DSWD, the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE), and the Social Security
System (SSS). We are aware that the government has numerous programs in place to
assist those in need, but the majority of them are not carried out correctly, and as a
result, families who actually need them do not benefit from them.
Social assistance has the capacity to represent common values and preferences
at a higher level of abstraction, which can deepen and develop them. These
institutions are able to solidify, create social contracts, and establish common ideas of
social fairness. On the other hand of political implication, we cannot deny the fact that
it has social implications as well. According to Barrientos (2013), Social assistance
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has made a strong contribution to poverty reduction and equity. However, another
side of his study emphasized the fact that social assistance is likely to be most
effective when accompanied by and embedded in, inclusive growth and employment
policies. Social assistance is intended to help underprivileged groups and is predicted
to be vulnerable. At the same time, social assistance payments and public subsidies
are frequently less substantial than social insurance transfers. We might reasonably
anticipate that social assistance will therefore be more successful in reducing poverty
than overall inequality.
Political Implication of Ayuda
Generally, any aid or assistance can have significant political implications.
The design, distribution, and delivery of it can affect the balance of power between
the government and the people, as well as the donor and recipient if it's non-
governmental. As with any form of assistance, there can be political implications to
the provision of ayuda. Certain programs, such as welfare, healthcare, and education
can be used as a tool to promote certain political agendas as well as to promote certain
values and ideas, or to gain support from certain groups. And these factors are
important to consider to identify and determine what are other political implications
of Ayuda.
In addition, another essential thing to look at is its connection to the election
of leaders who can make policies and programs that will provide assistance to the
people that may affect the voting patterns of the people. Satriadi, Yusuf & Ali (2021),
explains voting behavior by discussing theoretical methods to interpret voting
behavior and notes that voting behavior varies depending on the region. Some people
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base their decisions on sociological considerations such as their social network,
family, ethnicity, and religion. They are also influenced by psychological
considerations including their knowledge of political parties, candidates, and
problems. As they explained, there is a predominant societal influence affecting
people's political decisions and also cognitive factors which shape an individual's
voting behavior. However, they must be viewed as a tool for the reviewer to obtain a
thorough understanding of voters' behavior by examining the many aspects or causes
that might have an impact on it.
Furthermore, the social assistance provided by the government is one of the
elements that influence voter preference. Politicians take into account the social status
of voters when allocating aid since these voters are more inclined to accept it. Social
aid programs motivate undecided voters and persuade the opposition at the same time,
but outcomes vary depending on political and programmatic variations. Beneficiaries
of public assistance are more likely to vote for the incumbent candidate when they go
to the polls. The electoral consequences of social assistance are amplified by laws
requiring voting and program politicization. The study conducted by Canare et.al
(2018) shows that the poor are more likely to be the target of vote buying and selling
their votes. The majority of individuals who were offered goods or money accepted
them, but only around two-thirds voted for the candidate. This lends credence to the
notion that vote buying is part of a larger attempt by politicians to foster clientelism
and patronage among constituents. Brusco et al. (2004) implemented a vote-buying
survey in Argentina in 2002. They hypothesized that vote buying is best seen as a
form of probabilistic selective incentive. Good(s) that a voter receives in the future
only with his/her continued support for the political party. Given that the majority of
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politicians' targets are poor people, which influences their voting choices, this issue
would be addressed by stating that people should accept help but make informed
decisions.
The rise of social assistance has significance in politics. This expansion has
reached people that become a component in eradicating poverty. Digging into the
political aspect of social assistance, it was revealed in the study of Satriadi, Yusuf,
and Ali, (2021), that social assistance becomes a basis for voters to support a
candidate. The policies and programs that were offered by the candidate matter in
their decision-making of whom to vote for. It was mentioned that less educated and
elderly people tend to vote for candidates who offered material assistance. The study
was also supported by Barrientos and Pellissery (2012), wherein social assistance
becomes connected to politics due to the fact that these programs were mainly
integrated with the goal of addressing poverty and other social issues. These reasons
were backed up by their findings that social assistance is also utilized as a tool to
gather the support of the electorate for re-election. Thus, the politics behind this social
assistance resulted in attracting the support of the voters.
While all the articles used in this research discuss the majority of which social
assistance mainly on political implications, thus in some countries, social assistance is
a physical representation of political values of solidarity. In most cases, social
assistance beneficiaries are more likely to participate in all dimensions of politics
(Williams, 2012), as it can be reduced to a purely instrumental one (Hall, 2008). In
addition, social assistance can also be examined as a legitimate form of aligning party
coalitions and political support around pro-poor policies (Stokes, 2004). Layton &
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Smth (2015) also argued the same idea as they concluded that programs assist
beneficiaries in becoming more aware citizens, overcoming barriers to voting, and
providing a meaningful economic interest in political results. They also concluded
that aid programs also influence the expected benefits of voting - both expressive
gains and the utility associated with an incumbent’s success. With that given, as per
politics specifically in voting, social assistance is enough to guarantee incumbents a
slight electoral advantage over opposition parties.
However, unequal distribution of assistance to people is not a new concern and
issue in society as well as having political ties that increase the privilege of an
individual and this system is still prevalent today. In the article written by Jablonski
(2014), he stated that donor agencies do not have enough information about those
individuals who are deserving to receive aid thus, the incumbents take advantage of
this and allocate more aid to the voters that are most likely to be beneficial to them
when it comes in winning electoral contests. In distributing aids, bias is present since
individuals with a greater connection with the incumbent receive a higher proportion
of assistance that will affect their voting behavior.
Benefits and Setbacks of Ayuda
In times of distributing ayuda in different societies, there are many problems
or setbacks that arise, both from the government, donors, and beneficiaries. In the
study conducted by Dianito et al (2022), he mentioned the various challenges that
Ayuda beneficiaries faced; there were a complicated application and distribution
process, unfair allocation and biases, a shortage in the amount of ayuda given to the
beneficiaries, misjudgments from the community/ society, and the beneficiaries'
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inability to control their spending habits. Moreover, based on the study of Gudmalin.
et al (2021), stated that different challenges emerged in the implementation of the
Social Amelioration Program (SAP); there is a huge scope of the program; lack of a
single database for identifying beneficiaries; .security and health risks; constrained
communication coordination and arduous monitoring, reporting, and audit of fund
disbursements. With these, it shows that in every distribution of ayuda many
problems or setbacks arise.
Ayuda is required to mitigate the effects of worsening poverty. Those who are
not completely enjoying the basic primary goods should be assisted. This is vital
because fundamental primary goods serve as the foundation for fostering equity.
However, the government, according to Gozum (2021), should identify individuals
who are the least fortunate. Prioritizing those who will benefit the most from help
distribution should be done for those who will suffer the most financial inequities as a
result of lockdowns; nonetheless, some Filipino residents are displeased with how
financial assistance, or ayuda, is delivered. They said that government representatives
corrupted the supposedly helpful assistance provided to locals. Furthermore,
according to Abad (2021), the DSWD provided forms to the LGUs that corresponded
to the numbers indicated in its recommendations, and it was up to the LGUs to
determine who was eligible for help. However, many reports appeared indicating that
the government's list did not correspond to the real number of families in need.
Gozum and Abad demonstrated that nearly all of the aid intended for impoverished
families is not frequently received by them.
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Layton & Smith (2015), estimates that the shift from not receiving assistance
to receiving is connected with the decreasing percentage of abstention, opposition
votes, and blank votes while increasing the percentage of voting for the incumbent.
Considering these, social assistance significantly influences the behavior of the voters
in choosing their candidate and the results of an election.
Since 2008 the Country Assistance Program Evaluation of the Philippines at
the beginning of the CAPE period, the ADB–Philippines partnership was faced with
three key challenges: an excessively broad country strategy and program with weak
implementation performance; a large fiscal deficit resulting in low government
spending on essential public goods; and a weak investment climate, and wide regional
disparities resulting in persistent unemployment, inequality, and poverty, particularly
in the southern and eastern areas of the Philippines ( Bolt, 2008). And at the present,
the government still faced many challenges in giving assistance program in the surge
of the Covid-19 pandemic as Flores (2022) analyze the assistance response of the
government. Though ayuda has been a lifesaver for many people whose lives and
livelihoods have been disrupted, however, it also revealed shortcomings in the social
protection mechanisms that keep them from sinking further or returning to poverty.
governments were unsure of their ability to pay for financing to protect all of the
nation's vulnerable households. Hence, throughout the distribution, complaints of aid
being given to ineligible people, duplicate receivers, and priority groups being
rejected because they weren't registered to vote in the region became frequent.
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CHAPTER 3
Methodology
This chapter will describe how the data will be gathered. It includes the
methodologies that will be employed including the research design, research
instrument, participants and sampling technique, and data gathering procedure.
Research Design
The descriptive method and qualitative approach will be utilized in the study's
research design to acquire information. According to Bhandari (2022), in qualitative
research, non-numerical data are gathered and analyzed to better comprehend ideas,
viewpoints, or experiences. It can be utilized to uncover intricate details about a
situation. Data from qualitative descriptive research are produced that provide a
subjective account of the "who," "what," and "where" of events or experiences.
The qualitative technique is appropriate for this study because it allows for a
thorough discussion and a more in-depth understanding of the socio-political
implications of ayuda.
Participant and Sampling Technique
The participants of the study will be residents of Barangay Salvacion, Alicia,
Isabela. They are those who received or are currently a beneficiary of social assistance
and are registered voters. Thus, the participants will provide information in
determining the implications of ayuda. According to Arikunto (2010), purposive
sampling is the process of selecting a sample by taking a subject that is not based on
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the level or area but is taken based on the specific purpose. Purposive sampling is
where a researcher selects a sample based on the needs of the study. This study will
use a purposive sampling technique which is a non-probability sampling method. It
will be utilized in selecting respondents who can provide adequate information for the
study. Therefore, the purposive sampling technique will be used in gathering data
from the participants regarding the socio-political implication of ayuda. The
participants are composed of 8 registered voters residing at Barangay Salvacion,
Alicia, Isabela who are beneficiaries of any form of ayuda.
Research Instrument
The researchers will conduct a face-to-face interview and will utilize a semi-
structured questionnaire to get the necessary data from the participants' experiences.
The semi-structured questionnaire consists of four (4) sections. Part I will ask for the
respondents' profiles, which will include their names, age, gender, civil status,
educational attainment, occupation, income, forms of assistance received, and
ethnicity. Part II is a tool for determining how the assistance obtained by the
participants benefited them in their schooling, job, and daily life. Part III is the tool
that will be utilized to determine how the aid obtained by the participants influences
their political views. Finally, Part IV will assess the benefits and setbacks of the
ayuda provided to them.
The researchers will use a validation tool to test the questionnaire's validity. It
will be evaluated by the adviser and other Social Science Department experts.
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Data Gathering Procedure
In gathering the data, the researchers will seek the approval of the authorized
personnel of Philippine Normal University- North Luzon in conducting the research
outside of the school premises. Then, the approval of the Barangay Captain of
Barangay Salvacion, Alicia, Isabela will be pursued. After seeking approval to
conduct the study, ethical considerations will be taken. The researchers will obtain the
appropriate consent and approval from the prospective participants to carry out the
data collection method. A consent letter is provided to the participants, in which they
may state whether they agree or object to taking part. A convenient setting will be
picked for the interview. The goal of the interview will be clearly described, and the
interviewee will be given the assurance that the information they provide will remain
private. Additionally, the purpose and expectations of the interview, as well as its
format and personality, will be covered. The guide questions will serve as the
framework for the interview, which will be handled in an informal, conversational
way.
Data Analysis
The researches will analyze the data that will be gathered through Thematic
Analysis. Thematic analysis is a method of analyzing qualitative data. It is usually
applied to a set of texts, such as an interview or transcripts. The researchers will
closely examine the data to identify common themes – topics, ideas and patterns of
meaning that come up repeatedly.
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The phases of thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke (2006) allow
for a systematic way of seeing, as well as processing qualitative information using
“coding”.
They argued that thematic analysis is a useful method for examining the
perspectives of different research participants, highlighting similarities and
differences, and generating unanticipated insights.
Before the interview, the researchers will identify the prospect participants and
will create a schedule for them. The researchers will ask the informants for permission
on making their statements a part of the study and making it available to public as
deemed necessary.
The researchers will make sure to follow ethical considerations to guide the
research designs and practices. These principles include voluntary participation,
informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality, potential for harm, and results
communication.
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learned for
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27

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PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY NORTH LUZON

The National Center for Teacher Education

AYUDA: ITS SOCIO-POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS TO

The Faculty of Philippine Normal University – North Luzon

Aurora, Alicia, Isabela

of the requirement for

Agas, Cristel Jane P.

III Bachelor in Social Science Education

The Problem and its Background

government or non-governmental institutions.

societies intervene to buffer the adverse consequences of socioeconomic disadvantage

is through the provision of social assistance. Social assistance refers to government

programs that provide a minimum level of income support to individuals and

raise their material standards of living.

Aids or assistance can also be referred to as ayuda in the Philippines. Ayuda,

materials that are distributed. It can be during the aftermath of a disaster or on

politics behind the aid should be considered.

on individuals and society as a whole. These implications can either be positive or

be used efficiently and to reduce any potential negative effects, it is crucial to

understand the socio-political implications of aid.

According to stroke et.al (2012), government and non-government programs

officials distribute benefits to preferred constituencies; and political parties distribute

despised. In actuality, although specific methods of political distribution are

unquestionably acceptable, others are criminally charged. Political decision-makers

decide how to distribute resources. When the continuation of these authorities

methods of strategic distribution also differ greatly.

Ayuda is often used to alleviate poverty, promote development, and help

implications. In the Philippines, ayuda can be in several forms, including social

assistance and initiatives aimed at assisting individuals, particularly the impoverished.

According to the Department of Social Welfare and Development, social safety

programs run by the Philippine government provide direct assistance to low-income

condition of participation in the program. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

nutrition, and educational aspects of their lives."

also be explored in this study.

1.2 Conceptual Framework

conducting the study.

demographic profile of the participants also influences the provision of assistance.

financially incapable. Additionally, he mentioned John Rawl’s difference principle

primary goods of society, thus they should be the priority.

On the political implication of Ayuda, people associate assistance and programs

with politics. Programs and policies including material assistance provide a

implication in politics when it comes to the voting behavior of people.

Figure 1. The Research Paradigm

Above is a venn diagram showing the diagrammatic representation of the

independent. It illustrates the side of knowing the social implications of ayuda as it

may have a significant influence in addressing one or several components of social

making, policy-making, programs, and actions taken by political systems existing.

Hence the center of this study is to determine the socio-political implications of

1.3 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the Profile of the electorates?

h. Forms Ayuda received/agency or institution where it comes from: (in-kind,

financial, food, scholarships, others)

2. What are the Social implications of Ayuda?

3. What are the Political implications of Ayuda?

a) Voting preference; and

4. What are the benefits and setbacks of Ayuda in society?

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study centered on explaining the socio-political implications of Ayuda to

Alicianos. Additionally, the results of this study will be advantageous to the

Electorate. Provide them with awareness of the socio-political implication of

services regarding the distribution of ayuda.